010. The Transformer

Dictated by Big Fred Oct. 6, 1913, interpreted by Frank Williams. ntbk VII: 32-41;

A classic tale of how the animals came to be.

10.1
mamuukweʔin 
mamuˑk 
work 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
she was working 
ɬuucsmeʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the woman 
ʔukʷiiɬweʔin 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
she was making 
ỷakaaɬ 
ỷakaˑɬ 
canoe mat 
canoe mats 
. 

The woman was working, making canoe mats.

10.2
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛweʔin 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
and then 
naqmiiħačiʔaƛ 
naqmiiħačiƛ 
become thirsty 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she became thirsty 
ɬuucsmeʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the woman 
. 

And then the woman got thirsty.

10.3
kaaʔak 
kaaʔakʷ 
bring! 
bring! 
č̉ayii 
č̉aʔakʷ 
water 
-ayiˑ 
give 
give me water 
, 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she said 
ɬuucsmeʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the woman 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ2 
refer to 
referring to 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔisukʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-uk 
DUR 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
to her little boy 
. 

'Bring me some water!' the woman said to her little boy.

10.4
wikaaħ 
wik 
not 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I won't 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
. 

I won't!' he said.

10.5
ʔukɬaaweʔin 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was named 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔisʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
named 
m̉aaɬʔitiya 
m̉aaɬʔitiya 
Transformer 
Transformer 
. 

The little boy was named Mahlitiya.
This name may be a form of the Kwakiutl trickster-hero name oˑ'maˑɬ (cf. F. Boas, Kwakiutl Tales, Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology 2, 217-45).

10.6
kaaʔak 
kaaʔakʷ 
bring! 
bring me! 
č̉ayii 
č̉aʔakʷ 
water 
-ayiˑ 
give 
give water 
, 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she said 
ɬuucsmeʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the woman 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ2 
refer to 
refer to 
m̉aaɬʔitiya 
m̉aaɬʔitiya 
Transformer 
Transformer 
. 

'Bring me some water!' said the woman to Mahlitiya.

pg. 33 begins here

10.7
wikaaħ 
wik 
not 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I won't 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
m̉aaɬʔitiya 
m̉aaɬʔitiya 
Transformer 
Transformer 
. 

I won't!' said Mahlitiya.

10.8
wikaaħ 
wik 
not 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I won't 
ʔukʷiiɬaħ 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am making 
c̉iiħati 
c̉iiħati 
arrow 
arrows 
. 

'No! I am making arrows.'

10.9
kaaʔak 
kaaʔakʷ 
bring! 
bring me! 
č̉ayii 
č̉aʔakʷ 
water 
-ayiˑ 
give 
give me water 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔinƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
=ƛaa 
again 
she said again 
, 
xʷaašxʷiipšiƛuusaħ 
xʷaašxʷiipšiƛ 
turn into a bluejay 
-uusaħ 
1s.IRR 
I might turn into a bluejay 
. 

'Bring me some water!' she said again, 'or I might turn into a bluejay.'

xʷaˑšxʷiˑp is the word for 'bluejay' used by the more northerly Nootka tribes. Among the Barkley Sound tribes xʷaˑxʷašqi is the more common term. The latter term contains the local suffix -qiˑ 'on the head' and is evidently connected in the minds of the Indians with xʷišqim 'crest, tuft on the head'. On the other hand, the bluejay was said to be named from its cry, xʷiˑš.

10.10
xʷaašxʷiipšiƛči 
xʷaašxʷiipšiƛ 
turn into a bluejay 
=čiˑ 
go and ... 
go and turn into a bluejay 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
m̉aaɬʔitiya 
m̉aaɬʔitiya 
Transformer 
Transformer 
. 

'Go on! turn into a bluejay', said Mahlitiya.

10.11
xʷeeš 
xʷeeš 
Hwish! 
Hwish! 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
she said 
ɬuucsmeʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the woman 
ʔumʔiiqsak 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
his mother 
m̉aaɬʔitiya 
m̉aaɬʔitiya 
Transformer 
Transformer 
. 

'Hwish!' said the woman, mother of Mahlitiya.

10.12
xʷaašxʷiipšiʔaƛweʔin 
xʷaašxʷiipšiƛ 
turn into a bluejay 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
she became a bluejay 
ɬuucsmeʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the woman 
. 

She had become a bluejay.

10.13
matšiʔaƛ 
matšiƛ 
fly off 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she flew off 
ɬuucsmeʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the woman 
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
leaving the house 
. 

The woman flew off, leaving the house.

10.14
xʷeeš 
xʷeeš 
Hwish! 
Hwish! 
xʷeeš 
xʷeeš 
Hwish! 
Hwish! 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
she said 
xʷaašxʷiipšiʔaƛ 
xʷaašxʷiipšiƛ 
turn into a bluejay 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she became a bluejay 
. 

'Hwish, hwish!' she said, for she had become a bluejay.

10.15
mataasiʔaƛ 
mataasiƛ 
alight on tree 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she alighted on a tree 
ʔuʔiiyasʔaƛ 
ʔuʔiiyas 
go onto a tree 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going onto a tree 
ƛ̉aqaʕasʔi 
ƛ̉aqaʕas 
tree 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the tree 
. 

She alighted on a tree.

10.16
takmisanuʔaƛ 
takmisanuƛ 
go all the way to top 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
go all the way 
ʔapqiinuʔaƛ 
ʔapqiinuƛ 
go to the top 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
go to the top 
ƛ̉aqaʕasʔi 
ƛ̉aqaʕas 
tree 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the tree 
. 

She went all the way up to the top of the tree.

10.17
ʕiiħšiʔaƛweʔin 
ʕiiħšiƛ 
start to cry 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he started to cry 
naanxʷinaniš 
naanxʷinaniš 
Transformer 
Transformer 
ʔuʔuuyukšiʔaƛ 
ʔuʔuuyukšiƛ 
cry for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
cry 
ʔumʔiiqsakʔi 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his mother 
. 

Nanihwinanish (the Transformer) burst into tears, he cried on account of his mother.

Another name for m̉aaɬʔitiya. It was really Kwatyat in disguise. This woman was really the same woman who had been swallowed by sea-monster (in text 005).

10.18
ʕiiħšiʔaƛ 
ʕiiħšiƛ 
start to cry 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he began to cry 
. 

He cried and cried.

10.19
wawaaʔaƛweʔin 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was saying  
ʕiħak 
ʕiħakʷ 
cry 
while crying 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ħaħaap̉aɬʔaaqƛukqa 
ħaħaap̉aɬ 
change one's nature 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they would all change their natures into something else 
č̉ičm̉uu 
č̉ičm̉uˑ1 
reparatory destruction 
as a sacrifice 
ʕiħak 
ʕiħakʷ 
cry 
while crying 
naanxʷinaniš 
naanxʷinaniš 
Transformer 
Transformer 
. 

He said that all over the world their nature would turn into something else as a sacrifice, so Nanihwinanish was crying.

The term 'sacrifice' does not adequately convey the meaning of the Indian word which it translates. This word may be roughly rendered as a person or object which is destroyed or discarded or injured or changed about to assuage one's grief for the loss of a beloved person, whether he (or it) is responsible for the loss or not, in other words, a scapegoat. Thus, it applies equally to what is thrown away into the river after a death or is buried with the dead, to a house which is burned down or a village which is abandoned, to anyone who is killed in revenge for the death of a relative, whether related to the slayer or not, even to the whales or sea otters of the ocean which may be hunted to give expression to one's despair. In the story the Transformer goes about his work of changing the world in the same spirit in which one takes the life of the slayer of one's kin. The motivation is typical of Nootka feeling and habits of thought.

10.20
pawaɬšiʔaƛweʔin 
pawaɬšiƛ 
lose 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he lost  
ʔumʔiiqsakitʔi 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his former mother 
. 

He had lost his former mother.

10.21
ʔiinaxiičiʔaƛweʔin 
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
get ready 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
now he got ready 
naanxʷinaniš 
naanxʷinaniš 
Transformer 
Transformer 
č̉iičm̉uqʷiiɬʔaaqƛqa 
č̉iičm̉uqʷiiɬ 
exact sacrifices 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
exact sacrifices 
. 

Nanihwinanish made himself ready to exact sacrifices.

pg. 34 begins here

10.22
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛweʔin 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
and then 
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he went off 
kʷiikʷistupsap̉aƛ 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
transform 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he transformed people 
. 

And then he walked off and transformed people.

10.23
hawiiw̉it̉asʔap̉aƛ 
hawiiw̉it̉as 
be about to stop 
-ˀap 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was about to cause them to stop being 
qʷiqʷištup 
qʷiqʷištup 
any kind of (animal, thing) 
the creatures that they had been 
. 

He was about to cause all sorts of people to cease to be what they had been.

10.24
hašiičiʔaƛweʔin 
hašiičiƛ 
find out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they found out  
maatmaasʔi 
maʔas 
tribe.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the tribes 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
hintšiƛqa 
hinatšiƛ 
come 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he was coming 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
transform 
to transform them 
. 

The tribes heard about how he was coming to transform them.

10.25
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they said 
maʔasʔi 
maʔas 
tribe 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the tribes 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
qaħsaapʔaaqƛqa 
qaħsaap 
kill 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that they would kill him 
hintšiƛč̉a 
hinatšiƛ 
come 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
who was said to be coming 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
transform 
to transform them 
. 

The people said that they would kill him who was said to be coming to transform them all.

10.26
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛweʔin 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
and then 
qum̉eeʔitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-m̉aˑ 
as far as 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
maʔas 
maʔas 
tribe 
tribes 
ʔukʷiiɬʔaƛ 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they made 
qʷiiħw̉aɬʔaaqƛʔitq 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ħw̉aɬ 
use [L] 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they would use for 
qaħsaap 
qaħsaap 
kill 
killing him 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
n̉ačuʔaɬʔiikquu 
n̉ačuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀiikʷ1 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they might see him 
ʔuyuʔaɬ 
ʔuyuʔaɬ 
see 
see 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

So all the people, as many as there were, were making something which they would use for killing him when they were to see the Transformer.

10.27
ʔukʷiiɬʔaƛweʔin 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was making 
č̉it̉uuɬ 
č̉it̉uuɬ 
war club 
warclub 
ʕat̉uu 
ʕat̉uu 
Beaver 
beaver 
. 

Now Beaver was making a war-club.

10.28
hiỷaaʔaqħʔaƛweʔin 
hiỷaaʔa 
rocky place 
-ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was doing it there on the rocks 
hitinʕeʔeʔi 
hitinʕaʔa 
rocky beach 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
near the rocky shore 
. 

He was doing it there on the rocks close by the shore.

10.29
kaƛħšiʔaƛweʔin 
kaƛħšiƛ 
appear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he appeared 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

The Transformer appeared.

10.30
ƛawiičiʔaƛ̉atweʔin 
ƛawiičiƛ 
approach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was approached 
ʕat̉uum̉it 
ʕat̉uum̉it 
Beaver-Son 
Beaver 
ʔuħʔaƛ̉at 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it was by 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

Beaver was approached by the Transformer.

10.31
ʔaqičiiɬħak 
ʔaqič 
what 
-(č,kʷ)iiɬ1 
make [L] 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
what are you making? 
, 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he said now 
. 

'What are you making?' he said now.

10.32
ʔukʷiiɬaħ 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am making 
č̉it̉uuɬ 
č̉it̉uuɬ 
war club 
war-club 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
ʕat̉uum̉it 
ʕat̉uum̉it 
Beaver-Son 
Beaver 
. 

'I am making a war-club,' said Beaver.

10.33
hisšiƛʔaaqƛaħ 
hisšiƛ 
strike 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I will strike him 
n̉ačuʔaɬʔiikquus 
n̉ačuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀiikʷ1 
HYP.FUT 
-quus 
1 CND 
if I see him 
kʷiikʷistupsapč̉a 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the Transformer 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
ʕat̉uum̉it 
ʕat̉uum̉it 
Beaver-Son 
Beaver 
. 

'I will strike the Transformer when I see him,' said Beaver.

pg. 35 begins here

10.34
kaaʔa 
kaaʔa 
hand over! 
hand over! 
n̉an̉aan̉ičšʔaaħ 
n̉an̉aan̉ičš 
examine 
-ˀaaħ 
IRR 
so I may examine it 
qʷaaʔakiik 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ˀiikʷ1 
HYP.FUT 
what yours is like 
. 

'Hand it to me, so I may take a look and see what this thing of yours is like.'

10.35
ƛuɬukʷeʔic 
ƛuɬ 
good 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
yours is a good one 
č̉it̉uuɬ 
č̉it̉uuɬ 
war club 
warclub 
. 

You have a fine war-club.'

10.36
ča 
ča1 
let's see! 
let's see! 
wahaakcačiʔi 
wahaakcačiƛ 
face the opposite direction 
-ˀiˑ 
2s>3.IMPER 
turn around! 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

See here! turn around!' said the Transformer.

10.37
saʔuuʔaƛweʔin 
saʔawiƛ 
be on all fours on the rocks 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he got on all fours on the rocks 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
. 

The man dropped on all fours on the rocks.

10.38
ƛuɬukʷeʔic 
ƛuɬ 
good 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
yours is a good one 
sit̉aatquuk 
sit̉a 
tail 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
that it should be your tail 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'What you have is good for a tail for you,' said the Transformer.

10.39
maɬšiʔaƛ̉i 
maɬšiƛ 
move 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ 
2s>3.IMPER 
move now! 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'Now move!' said the Transformer.

10.40
wiyaqħʔim 
wiyaqħ 
always 
-ˀim 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
you will always have 
sit̉aat 
sit̉a 
tail 
-ˀat 
INAL 
a tail 
, 
waaʔaƛ̉atweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was told 
ʕat̉uum̉it 
ʕat̉uum̉it 
Beaver-Son 
Beaver 
ʔuħʔaƛ̉at 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it was by 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

"You will always have a tail," Beaver was told by the Transformer.

10.41
kʷistuupšiʔaƛ 
kʷistuupšiƛ 
transform 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he transformed 
ʕat̉uučiʔaƛ 
ʕat̉uučiƛ 
become a beaver 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
becoming a beaver 
. 

He became another being, he became a beaver.

10.42
yeeɬʔaƛweʔin 
yaaɬ 
there 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was there 
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he went off 
saaʔukšiʔaƛ 
saaʔukšiƛ 
crawl on all fours 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
walking on all fours 
. 

Yonder he was, he went walking on all fours.

10.43
yaacšiʔaƛweʔin 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he went on 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
ʔun̉aaħšiʔaƛ 
ʔun̉aaħšiƛ 
look for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
looking for 
ƛaʔuu 
ƛaʔuˑ 
other 
other 
maʔas 
maʔas 
tribe 
tribes 
. 

The Transformer walked on, looking for other tribes.

10.44
n̉ačuʔaɬʔaƛweʔin 
n̉ačuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he saw 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
ʔuyuʔaɬʔaƛ 
ʔuyuʔaɬ 
notice 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he noticed 
ʕaatušm̉it 
ʕaatušm̉it 
Deer-Son 
Deer 
hiỷaaʔaqħ 
hiỷaaʔa 
rocky place 
-ħ2 
CONTEMP 
there on the rocky beach 
hitinʕeʔeʔi 
hitinʕaʔa 
rocky beach 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
near the rocky shore 
kʷiiƛkʷiiyaqa 
kʷiiƛkʷiiya 
grinding 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
grinding something 
ʕaatušm̉it 
ʕaatušm̉it 
Deer-Son 
Deer 
ʔukʷiiɬ 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
he was making 
ʕakỷak 
ʕakỷakʷ 
knife 
knife 
. 

The Transformer saw Deer there on the rocky beach, grinding something to a sharp point; he was making a knife.

10.45
ƛawiičiʔaƛweʔin 
ƛawiičiƛ 
approach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he approached 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

The Transformer came near.

10.46
ʔaaqičiiɬħak 
ʔaqič 
what 
-[L] 
L 
-(č,kʷ)iiɬ1 
make [L] 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
what are you making? 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
. 

'What are you making?' he said.

pg. 36 begins below

10.47
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
ʔuuyuqʷaƛ̉at 
ʔuuyuq 
refer to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
who was referred to 
ʕaatušm̉it 
ʕaatušm̉it 
Deer-Son 
Deer 
ʔuħʔaƛ̉at 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it was by 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

It was Deer who was addressed by the Transformer.

10.48
ʔukʷiiɬaħ 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am making 
ʕakỷak 
ʕakỷakʷ 
knife 
knife 
ʔuuʔatumaħ 
ʔuuʔatup 
for 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am doing for 
hiinaqsimyisč̉a 
hiinaqsimyis 
Transformer 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the one called Transformer 
c̉uxšiƛʔaaqƛqas 
c̉uxšiƛ 
stab 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I will stab him 
qaħsaap 
qaħsaap 
kill 
killing him 
. 

'I am making a knife, I am making it for the Transformer, for I am going to stab and kill him.'

Another name for the Transformer (hiˑnaqsimyis is irregular in formation, probably archaic, corresponding to a normal hihitaqsmayis). The word translated as 'the Transformer' is kʷiˑkʷistupsapʔi, 'the one who makes things different'.

10.49
yaaɬweeʔin 
yaaɬ 
there 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was there 
ʔuʔukʷink̉aƛ 
ʔuʔukʷinkʷ1 
talk to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
talking to 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

There he was, talking to the Transformer himself.

10.50
kaaʔa 
kaaʔa 
hand over! 
hand over! 
n̉ašsaap̉is 
n̉ašsaap 
show 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
show me! 
. 

'Hand it over! Show me!'

10.51
ƛuɬukʷeʔic 
ƛuɬ 
good 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
yours is a good one 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'It's a good thing that you have,' said the Transformer.

10.52
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
, 
qaħsaap̉im 
qaħsaap 
kill 
-ˀim 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
you will kill him 
ʔuuyuqʷa 
ʔuuyuq 
refer to 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
to the 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
, 
ʔuukʷiɬʔaƛ 
ʔuukʷiɬ2 
refer to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
do to him 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
ʕaatušm̉it 
ʕaatušm̉it 
Deer-Son 
Deer 
. 

And the Transformer said, 'You shall kill the Transformer,' he said to Deer.

10.53
yaaɬweeʔin 
yaaɬ 
there 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was there 
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

And there he was himself, the Transformer.

10.54
kaaʔa 
kaaʔa 
hand over! 
hand over! 
n̉an̉aan̉ičšʔaaħ 
n̉an̉aan̉ičš 
examine 
-ˀaaħ 
IRR 
so I may examine it 
; 
ƛuɬukʷeʔic 
ƛuɬ 
good 
-uk 
DUR 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
yours is a good one 
ʕakỷak 
ʕakỷakʷ 
knife 
knife 
. 

'Hand it to me, so I may examine it. That's a good knife you have.'

10.55
sukʷiʔaƛweʔin 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he took it 
ʕakỷakʔi 
ʕakỷakʷ 
knife 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the knife 
. 

And then he took his (Deer's) knife.

10.56
hiɬʔatquukš 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-quukš 
2s.Hort 
this here would be better for yours 
ʔaħkuu 
ʔaħkuu 
thus 
thus 
p̉ap̉ii 
p̉ap̉iˑ 
ear 
ears 
, 
waaʔaƛ̉atweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was told 
ʕaatušm̉it 
ʕaatušm̉it 
Deer-Son 
Deer 
ʔuħʔaƛ̉at 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
by 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'This would do better for your ears here,' said the Transformer to Deer.

10.57
čiskšiʔi 
čiskšiƛ 
shake the head 
-ˀiˑ 
2s>3.IMPER 
shake your head! 
, 
waaʔaƛ̉atweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was told 
ʕaatušm̉it 
ʕaatušm̉it 
Deer-Son 
Deer 
ʔuħʔaƛ̉at 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
by 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'Shake your head!' Deer was told by the Transformer.

pg. 37 begins here

10.58
čiskšiʔaƛweʔin 
čiskšiƛ 
shake the head 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he shook his head 
ʕaatušm̉it 
ʕaatušm̉it 
Deer-Son 
Deer 
. 

Deer shook his head.

10.59
čiskšiʔi 
čiskšiƛ 
shake the head 
-ˀiˑ 
2s>3.IMPER 
shake your head! 
p̉ap̉iicuuʔateʔic 
p̉ap̉iˑ 
ear 
-cuu 
preferably 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
this is better as your ears 
. 

'Shake your head! This is better suited for your ears.'

10.60
čiskšiʔaƛweʔin 
čiskšiƛ 
shake the head 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he shook his head 
ʕaatušm̉it 
ʕaatušm̉it 
Deer-Son 
Deer 
. 

Deer shook his head.

10.61
yaaɬweeʔin 
yaaɬ 
there 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was there 
p̉ap̉iičiʔaƛ̉at 
p̉ap̉iičiƛ 
turn into ears 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
turned into his ears 
ʕakỷakukʷitʔi 
ʕakỷakʷ 
knife 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his former knife 
. 

There he was, with his former knife turned into his ears.

10.62
saʔuuʔi 
saʔawiƛ 
be on all fours on the rocks 
-ˀiˑ 
2s>3.IMPER 
be on all fours on the rocks! 
, 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he said now 
ʕaatušm̉it 
ʕaatušm̉it 
Deer-Son 
Deer 
saʔuuʔaƛweʔin 
saʔawiƛ 
be on all fours on the rocks 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
be on all fours 
ʕaatušm̉it 
ʕaatušm̉it 
Deer-Son 
Deer 
. 

'Stand on all fours on the rocks!' said he to Deer, and Deer dropped on all fours.

10.63
taascipakƛinup̉at 
taascipakƛinawup 
rub over the hams 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was rubbed onto his rear 
kʷickʷiiʔak 
kʷickʷii 
grinding dust 
-ˀak 
POSS 
grinding dust of it 
. 

He was rubbed over his hams with the mussel-shell dust that had come off in grinding.

10.64
wiyaqħʔim 
wiyaqħ 
always 
-ˀim 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
you will always have 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
be named 
ʕaatuš 
ʕaatuš 
deer 
deer 
. 

'You shall always be named deer,' (said the Transformer).

10.65
yeeeɬweʔin 
yaaɬ 
there 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
there he was 
tuuxtuuxʷa 
tuuxtuuxʷa 
jumping about 
jumping 
hitaaqƛ̉iʔaƛ 
hitaaqƛ̉iƛ 
go into woods 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going into the woods 
. 

There he was, jumping away into the woods.

Rhetorical lengthening - intensifying distance

10.66
ʕaatuššiʔaƛ 
ʕaatuššiƛ 
turn into deer 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he had turned into a deer 
. 

He had turned into a deer.

10.67
yaacšiʔaƛƛaa 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
he went on again 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
ʔuyuʔaɬʔaƛweʔin 
ʔuyuʔaɬ 
notice 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he noticed 
ƛaʔuu 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
another 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
kʷiiƛkʷiiyaqa 
kʷiiƛkʷiiya 
grinding 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
grinding something 
. 

The Transformer went on again and he saw another person grinding something to a sharp point.

10.68
ʔukʷiiɬ 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
he was making 
c̉axỷak 
c̉axỷakʷ 
spear 
spear 
ʔuħtinʔap 
ʔuħtin 
made of 
-ˀap 
CAUS 
made of 
ƛatmapt 
ƛatmapt 
Western Yew 
Western Yew 
ʔuuʔatup 
ʔuuʔatup 
for 
for 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

He was making a spear out of yew wood, intending it for the Transformer.

10.69
ƛawiičiʔaƛweʔin 
ƛawiičiƛ 
approach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he approached 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

The Transformer approached.

10.70
ʔaaqičiiɬħak 
ʔaqič 
what 
-[L] 
L 
-(č,kʷ)iiɬ1 
make [L] 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
what are you making? 
, 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'What are you making?' said the Transformer.

10.71
ʔuuʔatumaħ 
ʔuuʔatup 
for 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am doing for 
kʷiikʷistupsapč̉a 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the so-called Transformer 
c̉axšiƛʔaaqƛqas 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I am going to spear him 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
use 
using it 
qaħsaap 
qaħsaap 
kill 
to kill him 
. 

'I am making something for the Transformer they speak of, and I am going to spear him, using it to kill him.'

pg. 38 begins above

10.72
kaaʔa 
kaaʔa 
hand over! 
hand over! 
qʷaaʔakiik 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ˀiikʷ1 
HYP.FUT 
what yours is like 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'Give it to me, (so I may see) what this thing of yours is like,' said the Transformer.

10.73
hiniiʔaƛ̉atweʔin 
hinii 
give 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
it was given to him 
sukʷiʔaƛweʔin 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he took it 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
c̉axỷakʔi 
c̉axỷakʷ 
spear 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the spear 
. 

It was given to him and the Transformer took his spear.

10.74
sit̉acuuʔateʔic 
sit̉a 
tail 
-cuu 
preferably 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
it would be better as your tail 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'It would do better for your tail,' said the Transformer.

10.75
wiyaqħʔim 
wiyaqħ 
always 
-ˀim 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
you will always have 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
name 
waaxnii 
waaxnii 
land-otter 
land-otter 
. 

'You shall always be named land-otter.'

The tail of a land otter, remarked the interpreter, is exactly like a spear.

10.76
yeeeɬʔaƛweʔin 
yaaɬ 
there 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
there he was 
kamitquk 
kamitquk 
be running 
run 
hitaaqƛ̉iʔaƛ 
hitaaqƛ̉iƛ 
go into woods 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
go into woods 
. 

There he was running into the woods.

Rhetorical lengthening

10.77
kʷiiscačiʔaƛ 
kʷiscačiƛ 
go to another place 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he went off to another place 
yaacšiƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
go 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

Then the Transformer went off to another place.

10.78
n̉ačuʔaɬʔaƛƛaa 
n̉ačuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again he looked 
ʔuyuʔaɬʔaƛ 
ʔuyuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he saw someone 
ʔukʷiiɬqa 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that was making 
c̉axỷak 
c̉axỷakʷ 
spear 
spear 
. 

Again he looked and saw someone making a spear.

10.79
ciqšiʔaƛweʔin 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

The Transformer spoke.

10.80
ʔaaqičiiɬħak 
ʔaqič 
what 
-[L] 
L 
-(č,kʷ)iiɬ1 
make [L] 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
what are you making? 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'What are you making?' said the Transformer.

10.81
ciqšiʔaƛweʔin 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he spoke 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
. 

The man spoke.

10.82
ʔukʷiiɬaħ 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am making 
c̉axỷak 
c̉axỷakʷ 
spear 
spear 
ʔuuʔatumaħ 
ʔuuʔatup 
for 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am doing for 
kʷiikʷistupsapč̉a 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the Transformer 
qaħsaapʔaaqƛqas 
qaħsaap 
kill 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
so that I may kill him 
c̉axšiƛ 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
spearing 
. 

'I am making a spear for the Transformer they talk about, so I may kill him by spearing.'

10.83
kaaʔa 
kaaʔa 
hand over! 
hand over! 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
, 
ƛuɬukʷeʔic 
ƛuɬ 
good 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
yours is a good one 
mInterlinšiʔi 
mInterlinšiƛ 
turn around 
-ˀiˑ 
2s>3.IMPER 
turn around! 
. 

'Give it to me,' said the Transformer, 'it's a good thing that you have; turn around!'

10.84
mInterlinšiʔaƛweʔin 
mInterlinšiƛ 
turn around 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he turned around 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
saʔuuʔaƛweʔin 
saʔawiƛ 
be on all fours on the rocks 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
being on all fours 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
. 

And the man turned around and dropped on all fours on the rocks.

10.85
hiɬcuuʔateʔic 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-cuu 
preferably 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
it would do better as 
ʔaħkuu 
ʔaħkuu 
thus 
thus 
sit̉acuuʔateʔic 
sit̉a 
tail 
-cuu 
probably 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
it would be better as your tail 
. 

'This would do better here, it would do better for your tail.'

pg. 39 begins below

10.86
wiyaqħʔim 
wiyaqħ 
always 
-ˀim 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
you will always have 
sit̉aat 
sit̉a 
tail 
-ˀat 
INAL 
your tail 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
, 
wiyaqħʔim 
wiyaqħ 
always 
-ˀim 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
you will always be 
ƛapisim 
ƛapisim 
raccoon 
raccoon 
. 

'You shall always have a tail', said the Transformer, 'you shall always be a raccoon.'

10.87
yeeɬʔaƛweʔin 
yaaɬ 
there 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was there 
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he went off 
ƛapisimčiʔaƛ 
ƛapisimčiƛ 
become a raccoon 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he became a raccoon 
. 

And there he was, walking away; he became a raccoon.

10.88
yaacšiʔaƛweʔin 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he went on 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
kʷiscačiʔaƛ 
kʷiscačiƛ 
go to another place 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
go to another place 
ʔucačiʔaƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going to 
ƛaʔuu 
ƛaʔuˑ 
other 
other 
maʔas 
maʔas 
village 
village 
. 

The Transformer went on and went elsewhere, going to another village.

10.89
n̉ačuʔaɬʔaƛweʔin 
n̉ačuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he looked 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
ʔuyuʔaɬʔaƛ 
ʔuyuʔaɬ 
notice 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he noticed 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
ƛaʔuu 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
another 
. 

The Transformer looked and saw another man.

10.90
ʔaaqičiiɬħak 
ʔaqič 
what 
-[L] 
L 
-(č,kʷ)iiɬ1 
make [L] 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
what are you making? 
, 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'What are you making?' said the Transformer.

10.91
ʔuuʔatumaħ 
ʔuuʔatup 
for 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am doing for 
kʷiikʷistupsapč̉a 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the Transformer 
qaħsaapʔaaqƛqas 
qaħsaap 
kill 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
so that I may kill him 
. 

'I am making something for the Transformer they tell about, so that I may kill him.'

10.92
ʔukʷiiɬweʔin 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was making 
n̉ikỷak 
n̉ikỷakʷ 
claw 
claws 
. 

He was making claws.

10.93
n̉ikšiƛʔaaqƛqas 
n̉ikšiƛ 
scratch 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I'll scratch him 
kʷiikʷistupsapč̉a 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the Transformer 
qaħsaap 
qaħsaap 
kill 
to kill him 
. 

'(With these claws) I shall scratch the Transformer they talk about and kill him.'

10.94
kaaʔa 
kaaʔa 
hand over! 
hand over! 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
, 
ƛuɬukʷeʔic 
ƛuɬ 
good 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
yours is a good one 
. 

'Hand them over!' said the Transformer, 'that's a good thing you have.'

10.95
ƛ̉iikapuʔi 
ƛ̉iikapuƛ 
put up hands 
-ˀiˑ 
2s>3.IMPER 
put up your hands! 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'Put up your hands', said the Transformer.

10.96
ƛ̉iikapuʔaƛweʔin 
ƛ̉iikapuƛ 
put up hands 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he put up his hands 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
. 

The man put up his hands.

10.97
hiɬcuuʔateʔic 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-cuu 
preferably 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
it would suit you better as 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
č̉aɬč̉acuuʔateʔic 
č̉aɬč̉a 
fingernail 
-cuu 
preferably 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
it would be better as your fingernails 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'This suits you better here, it would do better for your finger-nails', said the Transformer.

In other words, claws as nails, not as a freely movable tool.

10.98
saačiʔi 
saačiƛ 
crawl 
-ˀiˑ 
2s>3.IMPER 
crawl on all fours! 
, 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
. 

'Walk along on all fours!' he said; it was the Transformer who spoke.

10.99
wiyaqħʔim 
wiyaqħ 
always 
-ˀim 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
you will always  
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
be named 
k̉ayuumin 
k̉ayuumin 
cougar 
cougar 
. 

'You shall always be named cougar.'

10.100
yeeɬʔaƛweʔin 
yaaɬ 
there 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was there 
saačiʔaƛ 
saačiƛ 
crawl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
walking on all fours 
. 

And there he was, walking on all fours.

10.101
k̉ayuuminčiʔaƛ 
k̉ayuuminčiƛ 
become a cougar 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he had become a cougar 
kʷistuupšiʔaƛ 
kʷistuupšiƛ 
transform 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was transformed 
. 

He had become a cougar, he was transformed.

pg. 40 begins here

10.102
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛweʔin 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
and then 
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he went off 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

And then the Transformer went on.

10.103
n̉ačuʔaɬʔaƛ 
n̉ačuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he looked 
ʔuyuʔaɬʔaƛ 
ʔuyuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he saw 
ƛaʔuuƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
=ƛaa 
again 
again another 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
man 
. 

He looked and saw yet another man.

10.104
ƛawiičiʔaƛweʔin 
ƛawiičiƛ 
approach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he approached him 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

The Transformer approached him.

10.105
ʔaaqičiiɬħak 
ʔaqič 
what 
-[L] 
L 
-(č,kʷ)iiɬ1 
make [L] 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
what are you making? 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
. 

He said, 'What are you making?'

10.106
ʔukʷiiɬaħ 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am making 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
n̉ikỷak 
n̉ikỷakʷ 
claw 
claws 
qaħsaapʔaaqƛqas 
qaħsaap 
kill 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
so that I may kill him 
kʷiikʷistupsapč̉a 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the Transformer 
. 

'I am making claws,' he said, 'so I may kill the Transformer they speak of.'

10.107
kaaʔa 
kaaʔa 
hand over! 
hand it over! 
ƛuɬukʷeʔic 
ƛuɬ 
good 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
yours is a good one 
. 

'Give them to me! It's a good thing you have.

10.108
naaƛkapuʔi 
naaƛkapuƛ 
raise the foot 
-ˀiˑ 
2s>3.IMPER 
lift up your feet! 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

Lift up your feet!' said the Transformer.

10.109
naaƛkapuʔaƛweʔin 
naaƛkapuƛ 
raise the foot 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he lifted his feet 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
. 

The man lifted up his feet.

10.110
hiɬʔat̉i 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ˀiˑ 
2s>3.IMPER 
have it here 
ʔaħkuu 
ʔaħkuu 
this 
thus 
. 

'Have it here!'

10.111
n̉ikỷaksap̉aƛ̉atukweʔin 
n̉ikỷaksap 
make into claws 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they were made into claws 
. 

They were transformed into his claws.

10.112
yac̉uuʔi 
yac̉awiƛ 
stand on rocks 
-ˀiˑ 
2s>3.IMPER 
stand on the rocks! 
. 

'Stand on the rocks!'

10.113
yac̉uuʔaƛweʔin 
yac̉awiƛ 
stand on rocks 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he stood on the rocks 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
. 

The man stood on the rocks.

10.114
wiyaqħʔim 
wiyaqħ 
always 
-ˀim 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
you will always be 
c̉ixʷatin 
c̉ixʷatin 
bald eagle 
eagle 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
named 
. 

'You shall always be called eagle.'

10.115
matšiʔaƛweʔin 
matšiƛ 
fly off 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he flew off 
c̉ixʷatinčiʔaƛ 
c̉ixʷatinčiƛ 
turn into an eagle 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he had turned into an eagle 
. 

And off he flew, he had turned into an eagle.

10.116
kʷiscačiʔaƛweʔin 
kʷiscačiƛ 
go to another place 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he went to another place 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

The Transformer went to another place.

10.117
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he went off 
ʔuyuʔaɬʔaƛweʔin 
ʔuyuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he saw 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
man 
. 

He went on and saw a man.

10.118
ʔaaqičiiɬħak 
ʔaqič 
what 
-[L] 
L 
-(č,kʷ)iiɬ1 
make [L] 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
what are you making? 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'What are you making?' said the Transformer.

10.119
ʔukʷiiɬaħ 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am making 
c̉axỷak 
c̉axỷakʷ 
spear 
spear 
c̉axšiƛʔaaqƛqas 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I am going to spear him 
kʷiikʷistupsapč̉a 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the Transformer 
n̉ačuʔaɬʔiikquus 
n̉ačuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀiikʷ1 
HYP.FUT 
-quus 
1 CND 
when I will see him 
. 

'I am making a spear, so I may spear the Transformer they speak of when I see him.'

10.120
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
, 
ʔaanaaƛ̉im 
ʔana 
only 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀim 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
and you will really 
suw̉a 
suw̉a 
you (sg) 
you 
qaħsaap̉aƛ 
qaħsaap 
kill 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
kill 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

The Transformer said, 'and you shall really kill the Transformer',

pg. 41 begins above

10.121
yaaɬweeʔin 
yaaɬ 
there 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was there 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

And there was the Transformer himself.

10.122
kaaʔa 
kaaʔa 
hand over! 
hand it over! 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
, 
ƛuɬukʷeʔic 
ƛuɬ 
good 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
yours is a good one 
c̉axỷak 
c̉axỷakʷ 
spear 
spear 
, 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
. 

'Give it to me', said he; 'it's a good spear that you have',

10.123
sukʷiʔaƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he took it 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

The Transformer took it.

10.124
saʔuuʔi 
saʔawiƛ 
be on all fours on the rocks 
-ˀiˑ 
2s>3.IMPER 
be on all fours on the rocks! 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'Get down on all fours on the rocks!' said the Transformer.

10.125
saʔuuʔaƛweʔin 
saʔawiƛ 
be on all fours on the rocks 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
be on all fours 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
. 

The man dropped on all fours.

10.126
ƛuɬʔaƛma 
ƛuɬ 
good 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is good 
sit̉aatquuk 
sit̉a 
tail 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
that it should be your tail 
, 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'It is good for a tail for you,' said the Transformer.

10.127
ciqšiʔaƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he spoke now 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
, 
wiyaqħʔim 
wiyaqħ 
always 
-ˀim 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
you will always have 
sit̉aat 
sit̉a 
tail 
-ˀat 
INAL 
your tail 
, 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
. 

He spoke and said, 'You shall always have a tail.'

10.128
yeeɬweeʔin 
yaaɬ 
there 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
there he was 
sit̉iičiʔat 
sit̉iičiƛ 
become a tail 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he came to have a tail 
. 

There he was, coming to have a tail.

10.129
wiyaqħʔim 
wiyaqħ 
always 
-ˀim 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
you will always be 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolf 
. 

'You shall be a wolf for all time.'

10.130
yeeɬweeʔin 
yaaɬ 
there 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
there he was 
saačiʔaƛ 
saačiƛ 
crawl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
walking on all fours 
hitaaqƛ̉iʔaƛ 
hitaaqƛ̉iƛ 
go into woods 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going into the woods 
. 

And there he was, going away on all fours into the woods.

10.131
kʷistuupšiʔaƛ 
kʷistuupšiƛ 
transform 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was transformed 
. 

He had transformed.

10.132
kʷiscačiʔaƛƛaa 
kʷiscačiƛ 
go to another place 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again he went off to another place 
yaacšiƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
going 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

Again the Transformer went off to another place.

10.133
n̉ačuʔaɬʔaƛƛaa 
n̉ačuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again he looked 
ʔuyuʔaɬʔaƛƛaa 
ʔuyuʔaɬ 
notice 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again he saw 
ƛaʔuu 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
another 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
person 
. 

Again he looked and saw another man.

10.134
ʔaaqičiiɬħak 
ʔaqič 
what 
-[L] 
L 
-(č,kʷ)iiɬ1 
make [L] 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
what are you making? 
, 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'What are you doing?' said the Transformer.

10.135
ʔukʷiiɬaħ 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am making 
c̉axỷak 
c̉axỷakʷ 
spear 
spear 
, 
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
. 

'I am making a spear', said the man.

10.136
kaaʔa 
kaaʔa 
hand over! 
hand it over! 
qʷaaʔakiik 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ˀiikʷ1 
HYP.FUT 
what yours is like 
, 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'Let me see what this thing of yours is like', said the Transformer.

10.137
ƛuɬmaa 
ƛuɬ 
good 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is good 
sit̉aatquuk 
sit̉a 
tail 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
that it should be your tail 
, 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
kʷiikʷistupsapʔi 
kʷiikʷistupsap 
Transformer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Transformer 
. 

'It is good for a tail for you', said he.

10.138
wiyaqħʔim 
wiyaqħ 
always 
-ˀim 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
you will always have 
sit̉aat 
sit̉a 
tail 
-ˀat 
INAL 
your tail 
. 

'You shall always have a tail.'

10.139
yaacšiʔaƛweʔin 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he went off 
č̉aastimcšiʔaƛ 
č̉aastimcšiƛ 
become a mink 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
becoming a mink 
hitaaqƛ̉iʔaƛ 
hitaaqƛ̉iƛ 
go into woods 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going into the woods 
. 

And he went away, having turned into a mink, into the woods.