018. The Brothers Who Avenged Their Sister

Dictated by Big Fred, October 8, 1913. ntbk VIII:24-35;

A young woman is murdered by her husband. Her brothers take revenge on him.

18.1
ʔunaakweʔin 
ʔunaakʷ 
have 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they had 
ɬuučm̉uup 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
sister 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
. 

The young men had a sister.

18.2
čapxnaakukweʔinʔaɬ 
čapxnaakʷ 
marry (of women) 
-uk 
POSS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
=ʔaɬ 
=PL 
theirs was married 
. 

Theirs (sister) was married

18.3
hinaačiʔaƛquuweʔin 
hinaačiƛ 
set off on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they used to set off on the sea 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
. 

The young men used to go out to sea.

18.4
ƛ̉iƛ̉imɬn̉i 
ƛ̉iƛ̉imɬn̉i 
go about on the water shooting 
they went about on the water shooting 
ʔuʔuʔiiħ 
ʔuʔuʔiiħ 
hunt 
hunting for 
hiyiqtup 
hihiqtup 
different animals 
all sorts of 
maamaati 
maamaati 
bird 
birds 
. 

They went about on the water shooting, hunting all sorts of birds.

18.5
saač̉inkweʔin 
saač̉inkʷ 
always 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they always did so 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
. 

The young men always did so.

18.6
n̉upuweʔin 
n̉upu 
six 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they were six 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
. 

The young men were six.

18.7
qaqaacc̉ista 
DUP- 
DIST 
qacc̉a 
three 
-ista 
... person(s) in canoe 
there were three in each canoe 
hinaačiƛ 
hinaačiƛ 
set off on the water 
going off on the water 
ƛ̉iƛ̉imɬn̉i 
ƛ̉iƛ̉imɬn̉i 
go about on the water shooting 
going about on the water shooting 
. 

They put out to sea to go shooting on the water, three in each canoe.

18.8
qiičiƛ 
qiičiƛ 
take a long time 
it was for a long time 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
. 

Thus it was for a long time.

18.9
kʷiisqšiʔaƛquu 
kʷiisqšiƛ 
become next year 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
after the next year 
hinaačiʔaƛweʔin 
hinaačiƛ 
set off on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he set off on the water 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
ʔuʔuqšiʔaƛ 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔu1 
REF 
-q1 
travel in...vehicle [R] 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he travelled along with 
ɬuucsmaak 
ɬuucsma 
wife 
-ˀak 
POSS 
his wife 
ỷimiiqsakʔi 
ỷimiiqsu 
brother-in-law 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the brother-in-law of 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
. 

When (several) years had passed, the man, the brother-in-law of the young men, put out to sea travelling along with his wife.

pg. 25 begins here

18.10
hinasiƛ 
hinasiƛ 
arrive 
they arrived 
qʷiicuʔukʔitq 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-cuˑʔuk 
go to [L+S] 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
to where they were going 
. 

They arrived where they were going.

18.11
hinuɬtaƛ 
hinuɬta 
get out of canoe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he got out of the canoe 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going off 
hitaaqƛ̉iʔaƛ 
hitaaqƛ̉iƛ 
go into woods 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going into the woods 
ʔuukʷinksaƛ 
ʔuukʷinkʷ 
be together 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
together with 
ɬuucsmaak 
ɬuucsma 
wife 
-ˀak 
POSS 
his wife 
. 

The man got out of the canoe and walked into the woods together with his wife.

18.12
sayeeʔi 
sayaˑ 
far off 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
far off 
hitaaqƛ̉iƛ 
hitaaqƛ̉iƛ 
go into woods 
they went into the woods 
ʔuyuʔaɬʔaƛ 
ʔuyuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
seeing now 
ƛuɬ 
ƛuɬ 
good 
good 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
big 
ħumiis 
ħumiis 
red cedar 
red cedar 
. 

They went far off into the woods and saw a good, big red cedar.

18.13
hinaasiʔi 
hinaasiƛ 
get on a tree 
-ˀiˑ 
2s>3.IMPER 
climb up! 
, 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ2 
refer to 
refer to 
ɬuucsmaak 
ɬuucsma 
wife 
-ˀak 
POSS 
his wife 
. 

'Climb up!' said the man to his wife.

18.14
hinaasiʔaƛ 
hinaasiƛ 
get on a tree 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they got on a tree 
č̉uučk̉aƛ 
č̉uučk 
both 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
both of them did 
hinaasiƛ 
hinaasiƛ 
get on a tree 
get on a tree 
hicsnup 
hicsnup 
spouses together 
the spouses together 
. 

Both got on, husband and wife got on.

18.15
ʔucačiʔaƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went to 
ʔapqiiʔakʔi 
ʔapqii 
summit 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the top of  
ƛ̉aqaʕasʔi 
ƛ̉aqaʕas 
tree 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the tree 
. 

They went to the top of the tree.

18.16
hiɬħʔaƛweʔin 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they were there 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that 
sukʷiƛčip̉aƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he took hers 
kʷikʷinksu 
kʷikʷinksu 
hand 
hands 
ɬuucsmaak 
ɬuucsma 
wife 
-ˀak 
POSS 
his wife 
. 

There he took his wife's hands.

18.17
maƛp̉ičup̉aƛ 
maƛp̉ičup 
tie to base 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he tied them to the trunk 
hiɬħʔap̉aƛ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀap 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
doing there at 
ʔapqiiʔi 
ʔapqii 
summit 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the top 
ƛ̉aqaʕasʔi 
ƛ̉aqaʕas 
tree 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the tree 
. 

He tied them to the trunk there at the top of the tree.

18.18
maƛšiƛčip̉aƛ 
maƛšiƛ 
tie 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he tied 
ƛišƛinʔatʔi 
ƛišƛin 
foot 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
her feet 
. 

Then he tied her feet.

18.19
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hitaaʕataƛ 
hitaaʕatu 
descend 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he came down 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
w̉iičχaan̉uup̉aƛ 
w̉iičχaan̉uup 
peel bare 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he stripped the bark from 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ2 
refer to 
refer to 
ƛ̉aqaʕasʔi 
ƛ̉aqaʕas 
tree 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the tree 
. 

Then the man came down, stripping the tree bare (of branches) along its length.

18.20
wikaɬaʔap̉aƛ 
wikaɬaʔap 
remove 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he removed 
c̉aqmisukʔi 
c̉aqmis 
bark 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
its bark 
. 

He removed the bark.

18.21
ƛ̉aaskaan̉awiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉aaskaan̉awiƛ 
become slippery along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it became slippery 
ƛ̉aqaʕasʔi 
ƛ̉aqaʕas 
tree 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the tree 
. 

The tree became slippery.

18.22
hiiɬqiisap̉aƛ̉at 
hiiɬqiisap 
leave on top 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he left her at the top 
qaħsaapw̉it̉asqa 
qaħsaap 
kill 
-w̉it̉as1 
in order to 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
in order to kill her 
qʷisʔap 
qʷis 
do thus 
-ˀap 
CAUS 
he did thus to 
ɬuucsmaakitʔi 
ɬuucsma 
wife 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his former wife 
. 

He left her there at the very top in order to kill her, this he did to his wife.

pg. 26 begins here

18.23
ħisʔaaħʔaƛ 
ħis...'aaħ 
unable to do 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she was unable to 
hitaaʕatu 
hitaaʕatu 
descend 
descend 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
ħisʔaaħqa 
ħis...'aaħ 
unable to do 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
she was unable to do 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
since 
maƛaaʔak̉ap̉at 
maƛaa 
tying 
-akʷ 
DUR 
-ˀap 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
INAL 
hers were tied 
kʷikʷinksu 
kʷikʷinksu 
hand 
hands 
. 

The young woman could not come down, she could not because her hands were tied.

18.24
waɬšiʔaƛ 
waɬšiƛ 
go home 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he went home 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
yaqʷacʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ac1 
belong to 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
to whom belonged 
ɬuucsma 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
woman 
. 

The woman's husband went home.

18.25
wikʔaɬʔaƛ 
wikʔaɬ 
not know 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not know 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
yaqʷacʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ac1 
belong to 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
to whom belonged 
ɬuučm̉uup 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
sister 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
qaħsaap̉atukqa 
qaħsaap 
kill 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
theirs was being killed 
ɬuučm̉uup 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
sister 
. 

The young men whose sister she was did not know that she was (being) killed.

18.26
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛweʔin 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
and then 
hinaačiʔaƛƛaa 
hinaačiƛ 
set off on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they set off to sea again 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
ƛ̉iƛ̉imɬn̉aƛƛaa 
ƛ̉iƛ̉imɬn̉i 
go about on the water shooting 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again went about on the water shooting 
. 

Now the young men put out to sea and again went about shooting on the water.

18.27
ħaaʕinapiičiʔaƛweʔin 
ħaaʕinapiičiƛ 
call out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
she began to call out 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
neʔiičiʔaƛweʔin 
neʔiičiƛ 
hear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they heard her now 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
ƛ̉iƛ̉imɬn̉iʔi 
ƛ̉iƛ̉imɬn̉i 
go about on the water shooting 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones going about on the water shooting 
. 

The young woman began to call out and the young men shooting on the water heard her.

18.28
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
neʔiičiƛ 
neʔiičiƛ 
hear 
he heard her 
qaaɬaatikseʔisʔi 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother 
-sasa 
precisely [L] 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the very youngest brother 
. 

It was the very youngest brother who heard her.

18.29
naʔaaħasuu 
naʔaˑ 
hear 
-ħaˑsuu 
2p.INTERR 
do you hear that? 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
histaatukʔi 
histaatuk 
hear a sound from swh 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the sound was from 
ʔuušatukqa 
ʔuušatuk 
noise 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that was a noise 
. 

'Do you hear that? for there is some kind of a sound from somewhere.'

18.30
wik̉aƛweʔin 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they did not 
ʔucaaqšiƛ 
ʔucaaqšiƛ 
pay attention 
pay attention 
taataayiʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
taayii 
older brother 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the older brothers 
ʔuunuuʔaƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
because 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ƛ̉iikʷaỷiiħqa 
ƛ̉iikʷaỷiiħ 
pursue and shoot 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they were pursuing 
maamaatiʔi 
maamaati 
bird 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the birds 
yayaʕiiħʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀiiħ2 
try to get [R+L] 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they were after 
. 

The older brothers did not give heed, because they were pursuing the birds that they were after.

18.31
ciqšiʔaƛweʔinƛaa 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
=ƛaa 
again 
he said again 
qaɬaatikʔi 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the younger brother 
, 
naʔaataħasuu 
naʔaataħ 
listen 
-ħaˑsuu 
2p.INTERR 
aren't you listening? 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
histaatukʔi 
histaatuk 
hear a sound from swh 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the sound from 
ħaaʕinapiʔi 
ħaaʕinapi 
call out 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the calling out 
. 

Again the younger brother said, 'Aren't you listening to the sound there, that calling out?'

18.32
naʔaataħšiʔaƛweʔin 
naʔaataħšiƛ 
listen to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they listened 
taataayiʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
taayii 
older brother 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the older brothers 
wiinapačištuʔaƛ 
wiinapačištuƛ 
stop on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
stopping on the water 
. 

The older brothers listened, stopping on the water.

pg. 27 begins above

18.33
neʔiičiʔaƛ 
neʔiičiƛ 
hear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they heard 
taataayiʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
taayii 
older brother 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the older brothers 
histaatukʔi 
histaatuk 
hear a sound from swh 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the sound was from 
ħaaʕinapi 
ħaaʕinapi 
call out 
calling out 
. 

The older brothers heard the sound of the one calling out from there.

18.34
ħamupšiʔaƛ 
ħamupšiƛ 
recognize 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they recognized 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuħuk 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
it was 
ɬuučm̉uup 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
their sister 
histaatukʔi 
histaatuk 
hear a sound from swh 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
from whom the sound came 
. 

They recognized that it was their sister from whom the sound came.

18.35
ƛawiičiʔaƛ 
ƛawiičiƛ 
approach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they approached 
ƛ̉iƛ̉imɬn̉iʔi 
ƛ̉iƛ̉imɬn̉i 
go about on the water shooting 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones going about on the water shooting 
. 

The ones who were going about on the water shooting approached.

18.36
hitaaqƛ̉iʔaƛ 
hitaaqƛ̉iƛ 
go into woods 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went into the woods 
n̉aačukšiʔaƛ 
n̉aačukšiƛ 
look for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
started looking 
histaatukuusi 
histaatuk 
hear a sound from swh 
-(w)uusi 
3.RelDub 
where they heard a sound coming from 
. 

They entered the woods and started to look for the place from where the sound was.

18.37
n̉ačuʔaɬʔaƛ 
n̉ačuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they saw 
hiɬʔiitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where it was 
yeeɬqiiʔak̉ap̉atweʔin 
yaaɬ 
there 
-qiˑ 
on top 
-akʷ 
DUR 
-ˀap 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
she was there at the top 
hiɬqiiʔak̉ap̉at 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-qiˑ 
on top 
-akʷ 
DUR 
-ˀap 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
she was put there on the top 
maƛqiiʔap̉aƛ̉at 
maƛqiiʔap 
tie s.o. on the top 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
tied on the top 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
. 

They saw where it was that the young woman was tied way up there at the top (of the tree).

18.38
ʕiiħšiʔaƛweʔin 
ʕiiħšiƛ 
start to cry 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they started to cry 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
. 

The young men started to cry.

18.39
ħisʔap̉aaħ 
ħis...'aaħ 
unable to do 
-ˀap 
CAUS 
-ˀaaħ 
IRR 
they were unable to do 
hiniip 
hiniip 
get 
get her 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
ƛ̉aaskaan̉uɬqa 
ƛ̉aaskaan̉uɬ 
slippery 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it was slippery along it 
ƛ̉aqaʕasʔi 
ƛ̉aqaʕas 
tree 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the tree 
ʔaanaħaƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were only doing 
ʕiħaaqa 
ʕiħaa 
be crying 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they were crying 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
. 

The young men were unable to get her, because the tree was slippery all along, the young men were only crying.

18.40
ħisʔap̉aaħ 
ħis...'aaħ 
unable to do 
-ˀap 
CAUS 
-ˀaaħ 
IRR 
they were unable to do anything 
ʔuušcukqa 
ʔuušcuk 
be difficult 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it would be difficult 
hiniip̉atquu 
hiniip 
get 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
to get her 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
so that 
so that 
. 

They could do nothing, for it would be impossible to get her.

18.41
wiškšiʔaƛquuweʔin 
wiškšiƛ 
scold 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they scolded 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
ʔuuyuqʷa 
ʔuuyuq 
refer to 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
to the 
qaɬaatikʔisukʔiʔaɬ 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-uk 
DUR 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
=ʔaɬ 
=PL 
their youngest brother 
. 

The young men scolded their little brother.

Because he was too small to go up.

18.42
čaaniƛqačka 
čaani 
at first 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-qaˑčka 
2s.DUB 
you should be the first 
ʔuʕašt 
ʔuuʕašt 
obtain 
obtain 
hiniip 
hiniip 
get 
get 
ɬuučm̉uupukʷitqin 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-qin 
1p REL 
our former sister 
. 

'You should be the first to get our sister.'

18.43
qaaħšiƛšiʔaƛweʔin 
qaaħšiƛšiƛ 
begin to die 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
she was beginning to die 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
maƛqiiʔap̉atʔi 
maƛqiiʔap 
tie s.o. on the top 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the one who was tied at the top 
. 

The young woman who was tied at the top (of the tree) was beginning to die.

18.44
ʔaanaħapsaweʔin 
ʔaanaħi 
just 
-ˀap 
CAUS 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he only did 
haaw̉apš 
haw̉a 
eat 
-ˀap 
CAUS 
-š1 
ITER [F] 
he was eating 
qaɬaatikʔisʔi 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the youngest brother 
. 

The youngest brother was only eating (berries).

pg. 28 begins here

18.45
ʔuʔiisʔaƛ 
ʔuʔiis 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was eating 
ƛ̉upỷiiħackʷimʔatʔi 
ƛ̉upỷiiħackʷim 
sweat 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
her sweat 
. 

He was eating her sweat.

18.46
kaɬkintapiiħšiʔaƛ 
kaɬkintapiiħšiƛ 
become strawberries 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it turned into strawberries 
naaỷiis 
naỷiis 
eat at once 
eat at once 
yaʕiisʔaƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀiˑs1 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which he was eating 
haaw̉apš 
haw̉a 
eat 
-ˀap 
CAUS 
-š1 
ITER [F] 
he was eating them 
qaɬaatikʔisʔi 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the youngest brother 
. 

It turned into strawberries and the little youngest brother was eating the berries as soon as they fell.

18.47
wiškaaʔaƛ̉atweʔin 
wiškaa 
scolding 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was being scolded 
qaɬaatikʔisʔi 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the youngest brother 
ʔuħʔaƛ̉at 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it was by 
taataayak 
DUP- 
PL 
taayii 
older brother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
his older brothers 
. 

He was scolded by his older brothers.

18.48
ʔucaqšiʔaƛweʔin 
ʔucaaqšiƛ 
pay attention 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he paid attention 
qaɬaatikʔisʔi 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the youngest brother 
n̉ačmisanuʔaƛ 
n̉ačmisanawiƛ 
look up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
looking up 
qaɬaatikʔisʔi 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the youngest brother 
hiɬaasukʔitq 
hiɬaas 
be on a tree 
-uk 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where his was on a tree 
ɬuučm̉uup 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
sister 
. 

The youngest brother paid attention, he looked up to where his sister was.

18.49
qaaħšiƛšiʔaƛ 
qaaħšiƛšiƛ 
begin to die 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she was dying 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
. 

The young woman was dying.

18.50
nuuʔiʔaƛweʔin 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he began to sing 
qaɬaatikʔisʔi 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the youngest brother 
nuukukʔi 
nuuk 
song 
-uk 
DUR 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his song 
hiɬp̉ič̉asħʔaƛ 
hiɬp̉ič̉as 
base of tree 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
at the base of the tree 
ƛ̉aqaʕasʔi 
ƛ̉aqaʕas 
tree 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the tree 
. 

The youngest brother took up his song at the base of the tree.

18.51
nuunukšiʔaƛ 
nuunukšiƛ 
start to sing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he started to sing 
nuukʔisukʔi 
nuuk 
song 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his little song 
. 

He started to sing his little song.

18.52
hinaasiʔaƛ 
hinaasiƛ 
get on a tree 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he got on a tree 
ƛ̉aqaʕasʔi 
ƛ̉aqaʕas 
tree 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the tree 
ʔukʷiisiʔaƛ 
ʔukʷiisiƛ 
climb onto 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he got onto it 
nunuukħʔaƛ 
nunuuk 
singing 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he began singing 
nuukʔisukʔi 
nuuk 
song 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his little song 
yaaqsaaħiʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-saˑħi 
because of 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
which caused him to 
saayačinƛ 
sayaač̉inawiƛ 
get up high 
getting up high 
. 

He got on the tree, he got on it while singing his little song, by virtue of which he was getting up high.

18.53
ʔuukʷaỷiiħʔaƛ 
ʔuukʷaỷiiħ 
try to get 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was trying to get 
ɬuučm̉uupukʔi 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his sister 
. 

He was trying to get his sister.

18.54
waaƛħweʔin 
waaƛ 
then 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
then he was 
ƛawaaʔaƛ 
ƛawaˑ 
near 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was drawing near 
hiɬukʔitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-uk 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
to where his was 
ɬuučm̉uup 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
sister 
. 

Now he was getting near to where his sister was.

18.55
hiniipšiʔaƛ 
hiniipšiƛ 
get 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he got 
hiɬaasukʔitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-aˑs1 
on a tree 
-uk 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where his was on the tree 
ɬuučm̉uup 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
sister 
. 

‎‎He got to where his sister was on the tree.

18.56
ʔukɬaaweʔin 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was named 
qaɬaatikʔisʔi 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the youngest brother 
huudiibaaɬʔisʔi 
huudiibaaɬʔisʔi 
Hodibahlisi 
Hodibahlisi 
. 

The little youngest brother was called Hodibahlisi.

pg. 29 begins above

A Makah name.

18.57
hiniipšiʔaƛweʔin 
hiniipšiƛ 
get 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he got to 
hiɬukʔitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-uk 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where his was 
ɬuučm̉uup 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
sister 
. 

He got to where his sister was.

18.58
ƛ̉iqsaap̉aƛ 
ƛ̉iqsaap 
untie 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he untied her 
t̉iʕaaʔataƛ 
t̉iʕaaʔatu 
fall down 
she fell down 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
qaħakħʔaƛ 
qaħakʷ 
dead 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
being dead 
. 

He untied her and the young woman fell to the ground dead.

18.59
čačimħiỷap̉aƛ 
čačimħiỷap 
fix up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they fixed her up 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
ƛuyaỷap̉aƛ 
ƛuyaỷap 
did nicely 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did nicely 
m̉uč̉ičup̉aƛ 
m̉uč̉ičup 
put clothes up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they dressed her up 
. 

The young men fixed her up and dressed her nicely.

18.60
c̉usšiʔaƛ 
c̉usšiƛ 
dig 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they dug (a hole) 
tuukʷiičʔitap̉aƛ 
tuukʷiičʔitap 
bury 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
burying her 
. 

They dug a hole in the ground and buried her.

18.61
miiɬħimtweʔin 
miɬ 
alike 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
she was like him 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
ʔuuyuqʷa 
ʔuuyuq 
refer to 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
to the 
ħačimsiqsakʔi 
ħačimsiqsu 
female's brother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
her brother 
miiɬħisimtweʔin 
miɬ 
alike 
-ħiˑ 
IMPF 
-sasa 
precisely [L] 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
she was exactly like him 
qʷaaʔakʔitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which was hers 
ħačimsiqsu 
ħačimsiqsu 
female's brother 
her brother 
čamiħta 
čamiħta 
really 
really 
mimiɬk̉uk 
mimiɬk̉uk 
look alike 
look alike 
. 

The young woman had been like her brother, she had looked exactly like her brother.

18.62
ʔuyaaƛquuweʔin 
ʔuyi 
when 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
when it was that 
ʔukʷink̉aƛquu 
ʔuukʷinkʷ 
be together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
being together with 
yaacuk 
yaacuk 
walk 
walking 
ħačimsiqsak 
ħačimsiqsu 
female's brother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
her brother 
hayaaʔak̉aƛ̉atquuweʔin 
hayaaʔak 
not know 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
one did not know 
yaquusi 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(w)uusi 
3.RelDub 
which might be 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
young woman 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
mimiɬk̉uk 
mimiɬk̉uk 
look alike 
looking alike 
ħačimsiqsakʔi 
ħačimsiqsu 
female's brother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
female's brother 
. 

When she had been walking with her brother, one did not know which was the girl, because she looked like her brother.

18.63
t̉apatšiʔaƛweʔin 
t̉apatšiƛ 
decide 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they decided 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ħaʔukʷiƛʔaaqƛqa 
ħaʔukʷiƛ 
take revenge 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they would take revenge 
yaʕatukʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
DUR 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
on the one who had done to theirs 
qaħsaap̉at 
qaħsaap 
kill 
-ˀat 
PASS 
killing her 
ɬuučm̉uup 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
sister 
ʔuħʔaaqƛqa 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it would be 
yaqitʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(m)it 
former 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who 
mimiɬk̉uk 
mimiɬk̉uk 
look alike 
looked like 
ɬuučm̉uupukʷitʔi 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his former sister 
. 

The young men decided that they would take revenge on the one who had killed their sister, and that it would be the one who resembled their former sister (who would do it).

pg. 30 begins here

18.64
ʔiinaxiičiʔaƛ 
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
dress up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he dressed up 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 
ʔuʔuk̉ukšiʔaƛ 
ʔuʔuk̉ukšiƛ 
look like 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
looking like 
ɬuučm̉uupukʷitʔi 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his former sister 
. 

The young man started to dress up to look like his former sister.

18.65
ħaʔukʷiƛw̉it̉asʔaƛ 
ħaʔukʷiƛw̉it̉as 
be about to take revenge 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was going to take revenge 
ʔuukʷiɬʔaƛ 
ʔuukʷiɬ2 
refer to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
on 
yaʕatukʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who had done to theirs 
qaħsaap̉at 
qaħsaap 
kill 
-ˀat 
PASS 
killed 
ɬuučm̉uup 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
sister 
. 

He was to go to take revenge on the one who had killed their sister.

18.66
waɬšiʔaƛ 
waɬšiƛ 
go home 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went home 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
ƛiiħšiʔaƛ 
ƛiħšiƛ 
set off 
-[L] 
GRAD 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they set off 
hitasaʔaƛ 
hitasaʔaƛ 
come to shore 
came to shore 
hiỷatħʔitq 
hiỷatħ 
live at 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where they were living 
. 

The young men went home, paddled off and reached the beach where they lived.

18.67
n̉ačuʔaɬʔaƛ 
n̉ačuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he saw 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
yeeeɬqa 
yaaɬ 
there 
-ee 
VOC 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that over there 
hitasaƛuk 
hitasaƛ 
land on beach 
-uk 
POSS 
landing on the beach was his 
ɬuucsma 
ɬuucsma 
wife 
wife 
. 

The man saw that there was his wife landing on the beach.

18.68
yaaɬweeʔin 
yaaɬ 
although 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
nevertheless it was him 
ʔuut̉iʔiɬaƛ 
ʔuut̉iʔiɬa 
be disguised as 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
disguised 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was 
ʔuut̉iʔiɬaƛ 
ʔuut̉iʔiɬa 
be disguised as 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
disguised as 
ɬuučm̉uupukʷitʔi 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his late sister 
. 

However, it was the young man disguised as their late sister.

18.69
mačinuʔaƛ 
mačinawiƛ 
enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they entered the house 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
hiỷatħʔitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ˀatħ1 
live at 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where they were living 
. 

The young men entered where they were living.

18.70
ʔiiqħšiʔaƛ 
ʔiiqħšiƛ 
tell 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they told him 
ʔuʔukʷink̉aƛ 
ʔuʔukʷinkʷ1 
talk to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
talking to 
n̉uw̉iiqsakʔiʔaɬ 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
=ʔaɬ 
=PL 
their father 
ʔuumutaqaƛ 
ʔuumitaqa 
tell about 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they told him about 
ʔiiqħuk̉ʷaƛ 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they told him now 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ħaʔukʷiƛʔaaqƛqa 
ħaʔukʷiƛ 
take revenge 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they would take revenge 
ʔuħʔaaqƛqa 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it would be he 
ħaʔukʷiƛ 
ħaʔukʷiƛ 
take revenge 
he will take revenge 
mimiɬk̉ukʔi 
mimiɬk̉uk 
look alike 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who looked like 
ʔuuyuqʷa 
ʔuuyuq 
refer to 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
to the 
ɬuučm̉uupukʷitqin 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-qin 
1p REL 
our former sister 
. 

They told their father, the young men told him that they were going to take revenge, that "the one who looks like our former sister would be the one to take revenge."

18.71
t̉at̉aapatħičiʔaƛweʔin 
t̉at̉aapatħičiƛ 
think s.t. over 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he began to think it over 
yaqʔiitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who 
qaħsaap 
qaħsaap 
kill 
killed 
ɬuucsmaakitʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his former wife 
. 

The one who killed his former wife began to think it over.

18.72
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said 
sukʷiƛquu 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that he would get 
ɬuucsmaakʔi 
ɬuucsma 
wife 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his wife 
. 

He said he would get his wife.

pg. 31 begins here

18.73
ʔuħqaatħʔaƛukweʔin 
ʔuħqaatħ 
believe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he believed it was his 
ɬuucsma 
ɬuucsma 
wife 
wife 
. 

He believed it was his wife.

18.74
yaaɬweeʔin 
yaaɬ 
although 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
however, it was he 
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
ħačimsiqsakʔi 
ħačimsiqsu 
female's brother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the brother 
yaaqʷiɬʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iɬ 
do to [L] 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
of the one whom he did to 
qaħsaap 
qaħsaap 
kill 
killed 
. 

However, it was the brother of the one whom he had killed.

18.75
sukʷiʔaƛ̉atukweʔin 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
his was taken by 
ɬuucsmaak 
ɬuucsma 
wife 
-ˀak 
POSS 
his wife 
ʔayačink̉aƛ 
ʔayačinkʷ 
many together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
many together 
č̉uučkink̉aƛ 
č̉uučkinkʷ 
all together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all together 
qum̉aaʔakʔitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-m̉aˑ 
as far as 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as his were 
ʔuw̉aat̉in 
ʔuw̉aˑt̉in 
relative 
relatives 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
. 

Now his (pretend) wife was taken by many together, by all who were the man's relations.

18.76
ʕapaak̉aƛweʔin 
ʕapaakʷ 
be willing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
she was willing 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
ħaakʷaaƛt̉iiʔiɬeʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛt̉iiʔiɬa 
pretend young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the pretend young woman 
. 

The young woman, the pretend young woman, was willing.

18.77
suuʔaƛweʔin 
suu 
hold 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
s/he held  
ʕakỷakukʔi 
ʕakỷakʷ 
knife 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his knife 
yaaqħw̉aɬʔaaqƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ħw̉aɬ 
use [L] 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
which s/he would use to 
ħaʔukʷiƛ 
ħaʔukʷiƛ 
take revenge 
take revenge 
qaħsaap 
qaħsaap 
kill 
by killing him 
. 

S/he had their knife, which she would use to take revenge by killing him.

18.78
naʔuukšiʔaƛ 
naʔuukšiƛ 
accompany 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
s/he went along with 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
yaʕatʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
those who were 
sukʷiʔat 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
-ˀat 
PASS 
taking her 
. 

The (pretend) young woman went along with those who took her.

18.79
mačinuʔaƛ 
mačinawiƛ 
enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
s/he entered the house 
ʔucačiʔaƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going to 
hiỷatħʔitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ˀatħ1 
live at 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where they were living 
yaʕatʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
those by whom  
sukʷiʔat 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
-ˀat 
PASS 
s/he was taken 
. 

S/he entered the dwelling of those by whom she was taken.

18.80
sayaaweʔin 
sayaˑ 
far off 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
it was far off 
hiỷatħʔitq 
hiỷatħ 
live at 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where they lived 
. 

Where they lived was far off.

18.81
waaʔaƛweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
s/he said 
ħaakʷaaƛt̉iiʔiɬeʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
-t̉iˑʔiɬa 
pretend to [L] 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the pretended young woman 
ʔuuyuqʷa 
ʔuuyuq 
refer to 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
to them 
ʕaʕiik̉ʷacsỷak 
DUP- 
PL 
ʕiik̉ʷaacsỷi 
brother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
his/her brothers 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
naatwaaỷasikqa 
nawaaỷas 
sit outside 
-t- 
PL 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they should be sitting outside 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
kuʔaɬ 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
in the morning 
. 

The pretended girl had told her brothers that they should be sitting outside in the morning.

18.82
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
kuʔaɬħʔaaqƛqa 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
s/he would do in the morning 
hitacsuħtis 
hitacsuħtis 
come to beach 
come to beach 
. 

That way, in the morning she would come out of the woods to the beach.

18.83
hitacsuħtis 
hitacsuħtis 
come to beach 
she would come to the beach 
kʷisiiyisʔi 
kʷisiiyis 
other end of beach 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
at the other end of the beach 
hiɬʔiitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where there was 
t̉ašiiʔi 
t̉ašii 
trail 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the trail 
. 

S/he would come out to the other end of the beach where there was a trail.

pg. 32 begins below

18.84
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
kamitqukʔaaqƛqa 
kamitquk 
be running 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
s/he would be running 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuyaaqƛqa 
ʔuyi 
when 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it would be at that time 
hiniipquu 
hiniip 
get 
-quu1 
3.CND 
s/he would get 
yaaqʷiɬʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iɬ 
do to [L] 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one whom he was 
ħaʔukʷiƛw̉it̉as 
ħaʔukʷiƛ 
take revenge 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
going to take revenge 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuyaaqƛqa 
ʔuyi 
whether 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
whether s/he would 
hiniipquu 
hiniip 
get 
-quu1 
3.CND 
s/he would be 
ħiikħiikʷaƛ 
ħiikħiikʷa 
be going zigzag 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going zigzag 
kamitquk 
kamitquk 
be running 
running 
. 

That, if s/he got the one on whom s/he was to take revenge, s/he would run zigzag.

This was to be the signal.

18.85
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsuu 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-suu 
2p.ABS 
and then you will 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
say 
ʔɔɔ 
ʔɔɔ 
Oh! I see! 
Oh! I see! 
hiniipč̉aš 
hiniip 
get 
-č̉aˑʕaš 
3.INFER 
apparently he got him 
. 

Then you (will) say, "Ah, apparently he got him.'

18.86
qʷaaʔaƛma 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he does as 
waamitʔitq 
waa 
say 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which he said 
t̉apatšiƛ 
t̉apatšiƛ 
deliberate 
planning 
. 

He has done as he said (in) planning it.

18.87
ƛuɬʔaƛ̉atweʔin 
ƛuɬ 
happy 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was happy 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
heart 
in his heart 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
huʔanakšiƛqa 
huʔanakšiƛ 
regain 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he had regained 
ɬuucsmaakitʔi 
ɬuucsma 
wife 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his late wife 
. 

The man was glad that he had got back his late wife.

18.88
yaaɬweeʔin 
yaaɬ 
although 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
nevertheless he was 
ʔuut̉iʔiɬa 
ʔuut̉iʔiɬa 
imitate 
imitating 
ɬuučm̉uupukʷitʔi 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his former sister 
ʔuħqaatħʔaƛuk 
ʔuħqaatħ 
pretend to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
hers pretending to be 
ɬuucsmaakitʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his former wife 
. 

However, (the young man) was pretending to be his former sister, hers (brother) was pretending to be his former wife.

18.89
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he had said 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 
ʔuut̉iʔiɬeʔi 
ʔuut̉iʔiɬa 
imitate 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one pretending to be 
ɬuučm̉uupukʷitʔiʔaɬ 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
=ʔaɬ 
=PL 
their former sister 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
muučiiɬkʷaɬʔaaqƛqa 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-kʷaˑɬ 
absent 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he would be absent for four days 
wik 
wik 
not 
not 
hisacsuħtis 
hisacsuħtis 
come out onto beach 
coming out to the beach 
t̉ašiiʔi 
t̉ašii 
trail 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the trail 
. 

The young man pretending to be their former sister had said that he would be absent four days before coming out on the trail along the beach.

18.90
c̉awaakħʔaƛweʔin 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
there was one 
ʔiič̉im 
ʔiič̉im 
elder 
old (one) 
č̉ušaaʔaƛ 
č̉ušaˑ 
suspecting; be suspecting 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
who suspected 
ʔuuyuqʷa 
ʔuuyuq 
refer to 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
to the 
yaaɬʔii 
yaaɬ 
there 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who had there 
hininʔi 
hinin 
come 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who came 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
young woman 
. 

There was one old (woman) who suspected the young woman who had come there.

18.91
kamat̉apweʔin 
kamat̉ap 
know 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
she knew 
ʔiič̉imʔi 
ʔiič̉im 
elder 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the old woman 
wikqaa 
wik 
not 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it was not 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
young woman 
. 

The old one knew it was not a young woman.

18.92
qaaciiʔaƛ 
qaaciˑ 
give present 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she gave him 
šiƛaa 
šiƛaa 
bracken fern root 
Bracken Fern root 
ʔuuyuqʷa 
ʔuuyuq 
refer to 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
to the 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
ʔiič̉imʔi 
ʔiič̉im 
elder 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the old woman 
. 

The old woman gave the young woman some fern roots.

Better ʔoyiˑʔaƛ, according to the interpreter.

According to Frank Williams, šiƛaa is so named because they always dug up fern-roots for beach before moving.

pg. 33 begins here

18.93
n̉an̉aan̉ičšʔaƛ 
n̉an̉aan̉ičš 
examine 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she was observing 
ħaakʷaaƛquu 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
-quu1 
3.CND 
whether she was a woman 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
since 
ỷimt̉aqa 
ỷimt̉a 
be unable to 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they cannot 
čaakupiiħ 
čakup 
man.pl 
men 
ʔuucaaqa 
ʔuucaaqa1 
fix 
fix 
šiƛaa 
šiƛaa 
bracken fern root 
Bracken Fern root 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
since 
ỷimt̉aqa 
ỷimt̉a 
be unable to 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they cannot 
c̉iickc̉iicka 
c̉iickc̉iicka 
be pounding 
pounding them 
čaakupiiħ 
čakup 
man.pl 
men 
. 

She was observing whether she was a woman, sine men cannot fix fern roots, because men do not know how to pound them.

Beat with rock; probably used because roots are beaten on rock. Later, Frank Williams said he was wrong; c̉ickaa = beat to prepare food, crush.

18.94
ʔuucaaqšiʔaƛweʔin 
ʔuucaaqšiƛ 
prepare (food) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
s/he started preparing 
šiƛaa 
šiƛaa 
bracken fern root 
Bracken Fern root 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
. 

The (pretended) young woman started fixing the fern roots.

18.95
c̉ickiičiʔaƛ 
c̉ickiičiƛ 
start pounding 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
s/he started pounding 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
n̉aacsaaƛ 
n̉aacsa 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she saw now 
ʔiič̉imʔi 
ʔiič̉im 
old 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the old 
ɬuucsma 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
woman 
yaaɬweeʔin 
yaaɬ 
there 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
there she was 
ỷimt̉a 
ỷimt̉a 
be unable to 
unable to... 
c̉iickc̉iicka 
c̉iickc̉iicka 
be pounding 
pound 
šiƛaa 
šiƛaa 
bracken fern root 
Bracken Fern root 
. 

She started pounding them, and the old woman saw that she couldn't do it.

18.96
kamat̉ap̉aƛ 
kamat̉ap 
know 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she knew 
ʔiič̉imʔi 
ʔiič̉im 
old 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the old 
ɬuucsma 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
woman 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
wikqaa 
wik 
not 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
s/he was not 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
young woman 
. 

The old woman knew that it was not a girl.

18.97
weʔičuʔaƛ 
weeʔičuƛ 
fall asleep 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
s/he went to sleep 
muučiiɬšiʔaƛ 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was four days 
weʔičuʔaƛ 
weeʔičuƛ 
fall asleep 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
s/he went to sleep 
ħaakʷaaƛt̉iiʔiɬeʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
-t̉iˑʔiɬa 
pretend to [L] 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the pretended young woman 
. 

She went to sleep, for four nights the pretended young woman went to sleep.

18.98
ʔuʔuuyipiʔaƛ 
ʔuʔuuyipiƛ 
go to sleep 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
s/he went to sleep 
yaʕatukʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
with the one who had done to theirs 
qaħsaap̉at 
qaħsaap 
kill 
-ˀat 
PASS 
killed 
ɬuučm̉uup 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
sister 
. 

She went to sleep with the one by whom their sister had been killed.

18.99
weʔičuʔaƛ 
weeʔičuƛ 
fall asleep 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he went to sleep 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
č̉uučk̉aƛ 
č̉uučk 
all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all of them now 
weʔičuƛ 
waʔičuƛ 
sleep 
went to sleep 
maatmaasʔi 
maʔas 
village.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the village 
. 

The man fell asleep, and all the village went to sleep.

18.100
t̉iqpiʔaƛ 
t̉iqpiƛ 
sit on floor 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
s/he sat up 
ħaakʷaaƛt̉iiʔiɬeʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
-t̉iˑʔiɬa 
pretend to [L] 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the pretended young woman 
sukʷiʔaƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
s/he took 
ʕakỷakukʔi 
ʕakỷakʷ 
knife 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his/her knife 
ʔuuħtaasa 
ʔuuħtaasa 
straight away 
straight away 
č̉iħtaʔapčip 
č̉iħtaʔap 
cut off 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
cut off his 
t̉uħc̉iti 
t̉uħc̉iti 
head 
head 
. 

The pretended young woman sat up, took her knife, and immediately cut off his head.

pg. 34 begins here

18.101
kamitqʷiiʔasʔaƛ 
kamitqʷiiʔas 
run outside 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he ran outside 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 
ħaakʷaaƛt̉iiʔiɬeʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
-t̉iˑʔiɬa 
pretend to [L] 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the pretended young woman 
. 

The young man, the pretended young woman, ran outside.

18.102
yaacšiʔaƛweʔin 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he went of 
waɬšiʔaƛ 
waɬšiƛ 
go home 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he went home 
ʔiqyuu 
ʔiqħ 
still 
-yuˑ 
...-ed 
while still 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
. 

He started off and went home (while) it was still night.

18.103
n̉aasšiʔaƛweʔin 
n̉aasšiƛ 
dawn 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
dawn came 
ƛawaanuʔaƛ 
ƛawaanuƛ 
get close to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he got close to 
hiỷatħʔitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ˀatħ1 
live at 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where they lived 
. 

When day came, he was near where they lived.

18.104
nawaaỷiʔaƛweʔin 
nawaaỷiƛ 
sit on the ground 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they sat on the ground 
ʕiik̉ʷaacsỷiʔi 
ʕiik̉ʷaacsỷi 
brother 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the brothers 
kuʔaɬ 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
in the morning 
hiistin̉ak̉uħʔaƛ 
hiistin̉ak̉uħ 
watch 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
watching 
n̉aacsa 
n̉aacsa 
see 
watching 
kʷisiiyisʔi 
kʷisiiyis 
other end of beach 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the other end of the beach 
. 

The brothers sat on the ground in the morning and watched the other end of the beach.

18.105
yiiɬweeʔin 
yii1 
yonder 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
there he was 
hitacsuħtisʔaƛ 
hitacsuħtis 
come to beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
coming to the beach 
qʷaaʔaƛ 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
just as 
waamitʔitq 
waa 
say 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which he said 
t̉apatšiƛ 
t̉apatšiƛ 
deliberate 
he planned 
. 

There it was he came out of the woods onto the beach, as he said in planning it out.

18.106
kamatsap̉aƛ 
kamatsap 
find out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they knew 
nawaaỷasʔi 
nawaaỷas 
sit outside 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones sitting outside 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
kuʔaɬ 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
in the morning 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
qaħsaapmatakqa 
qaħsaap 
kill 
-matak 
probably 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he must have killed him 
yaaqʷiɬitʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iɬ 
do to [L] 
-(m)it 
former 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one whom he did to 
ħaʔukʷiƛw̉it̉as 
ħaʔukʷiƛ 
take revenge 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
going to take revenge 
. 

Those sitting on the ground in the morning knew he must have killed the one on whom he was to take revenge.

18.107
hiniisʔaƛweʔin 
hiniis 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was going along 
ʔuucsʔaƛ 
ʔuucs 
take along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
taking along 
t̉uħc̉iti 
t̉uħc̉iti 
head 
head 
. 

He was going along carrying a head.

18.108
hinasiʔaƛ 
hinasiƛ 
arrive 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he arrived  
hiỷatħʔitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ˀatħ1 
live at 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where they were living 
. 

He arrived where they lived.

18.109
ƛuyačiʔaƛ̉at 
ƛuyačiƛ 
be happy 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was happy 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
heart 
in his heart 
n̉uw̉iiqsakʔi 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the father of 
ħaakʷaaƛitʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the former girl 
qaħšiƛ 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
who died 
. 

The father of the late girl who died was happy in his heart.