025. A Secret Ritual for Spearing Fish

Dictated by Frank Williams, October 3, 1913. VI:46-49, (VII:1-2);

A description of a secret ritual for success in spearing fish.

25.1
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ƛawaaʔaƛquu 
ƛawaˑ 
near 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
it is near 
hinin 
hinin 
come 
come 
haʔum 
haʔum 
fish 
fish 
hitaaqƛ̉iʔaƛ̉at 
hitaaqƛ̉iƛ 
go into woods 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
one goes into the woods 
ʔucačiʔaƛ̉at 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
going to 
c̉aaxsimčuw̉asʔi 
c̉aaxsimčuw̉as 
ritual training place 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the training place 
. 

When it is nearly time for the fish to come, one goes into the woods to (his) training place.

25.2
ʔukʷiiɬšiƛaƛ̉at 
ʔukʷiiɬšiƛ 
make 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he makes 
č̉aapact̉iiʔiɬa 
č̉aapact̉iʔiɬa 
model canoe 
model canoe 
simaacyin 
simaacyin 
be leaning in the bow 
bow 
miɬsỷi 
miɬsỷi 
spear 
spear 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ƛičaaqatħ 
ƛičaˑ 
steersman 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
pretend steersman 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
man 
. 

He makes a model canoe with a spear extending out from the bow and a pretended steersman.

25.3
ʔukʷiiɬšiƛƛaa 
ʔukʷiiɬšiƛ 
make 
=ƛaa 
=also 
he also makes 
haaʔumt̉iiʔiɬa 
haaʔumt̉iʔiɬa 
fish effigy 
fish effigy 
. 

He also makes an imitation fish.

25.4
ʔuʔumħap̉aƛ 
ʔuʔumħi 
appropriate 
-ˀap 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he puts it just right 
ʔanaa 
ʔanač 
only that much 
distance 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ2 
refer to 
referring to 
č̉apacuk 
č̉apac 
canoe 
-uk 
POSS 
his canoe 
. 

He puts it at just the right distance from his canoe.

25.5
ʔayaap 
ʔayaap 
do a lot 
he had a lot 
haaʔumt̉iiʔiɬa 
haaʔumt̉iʔiɬa 
fish effigy 
fish effigy 
c̉awaak̉aƛ 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
one 
ħamat 
ħamat 
singled out 
singled out 
yaaqʷaataʔaaɬʔaaqƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-aataʔaaɬ 
do to 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
one of which he will do to 
c̉axc̉axš 
c̉axc̉axš 
spearing 
spearing 
. 

He had many pretended fish, one (of which) is singled out as the one he will spear at.

25.6
hawiɬčaʕitap 
hawiɬčaq 
be readied 
-ˀitap 
on ground [MC] 
he gets it ready on the ground 
t̉aqsiɬaƛ 
t̉aqsiɬa 
just do 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
just do 
waɬšiƛ 
waɬšiƛ 
go home 
he goes home 
. 

He just gets it ready on the ground and goes home.

25.7
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
muučiiɬnak̉aƛ 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he has it for four days 
wahaak̉aƛ 
wahaakʷ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he goes 
hiniicsʔaƛ 
hiniics 
carry along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
taking along 
ʔiinaxmakʔi 
ʔiinaxma 
regalia 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
his regalia 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
kʷiiqč̉akukʔi 
kʷiiqč̉ak 
rubbing medicine 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his rubbing medicine 
. 

He leaves it for four days and then goes there with his regalia and his rubbing medicines.

25.8
ʔuwiiʔap 
ʔuwii 
be first 
-ˀap 
CAUS 
first one does 
hitaqsiƛ 
hitaqsiƛ 
get into 
getting into 
č̉aapact̉iiʔiɬak 
č̉aapact̉iʔiɬa 
model canoe 
-ˀak 
POSS 
model canoe 
. 

First, he gets into his model canoe.

25.9
ciciqinkšiƛ 
ciciqinkšiƛ 
start to pray 
he started to pray 
, 
hɔʔ 
hɔ 
ho! 
ho! 
hɔ 
hɔ 
ho! 
ho! 
, 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he said 
. 

He starts to pray, saying, 'Ho! ho!'

25.10
n̉aačiiɬeeʔisim 
n̉aačiiɬa 
watch over s.o. 
-ˀiˑsim 
2s>1s.FUT.IMPER 
watch over me! 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
wikšaħap̉isim 
wikšaħap 
prevent 
-ˀiˑsim 
2s>1s.FUT.IMPER 
protect me! 
ʔaamaan̉uɬʔap̉isim 
ʔaamaan̉uɬʔap 
keep on track 
-ˀiˑsim 
2s>1s.FUT.IMPER 
keep mine on its path! 
titiičakqas 
titiiča 
life principle 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
life principle 
. 

'Watch over me, O chief! Protect me (from illness) and keep my life principle on its path!'

25.11
ħamup̉isim 
ħamup 
recognise s.o. 
-ˀiˑsim 
2s>1s.FUT.IMPER 
recognize it! 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
1s.SUB 
siiỷassa 
siỷaas 
mine 
-sasa 
only [L] 
it is only mine 
pisatuw̉as 
pisatuw̉as 
playground 
playground 
. 

Recognize that it is my playground alone!'

25.12
muup̉itšiƛ 
muup̉it 
four times 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
he does four times 
waa 
waa 
say 
saying 
. 

Four times he says it.

pg. 47 begins below

25.13
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔiinaxiičiʔaƛ 
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
get ready 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he started to get ready 
qʷaaqħʔaaqƛʔitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
how it was thus 
ʔuusimč 
ʔuusimč 
do ritual training 
do ritual training 
k̉ʷiičsimč 
k̉ʷiičsimč 
marksmanship training ritual 
marksmanship training ritual 
. 

Then he gets ready for the marksmanship ritual.

25.14
hinuɬtaƛ 
hinuɬta 
get out of canoe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he got out of the canoe 
ʔiinaxiqħʔaƛ 
ʔiinaxi 
dress up 
-ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
dressed up 
. 

He gets out of the canoe decked out (in his regalia).

25.15
ʔuʔiiʔasʔaƛ 
ʔuʔii 
go to 
-ˀas1 
outside 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he goes to 
ʔappiʔasʔi 
ʔappiɬ 
centre 
-ˀas1 
outside 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
DEF 
. 

He goes to the centre (of the space) on the ground.

25.16
sukʷiʔaƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he took 
k̉ʷaaɬukuk 
k̉ʷaaɬ 
rubbing medicine 
-uk 
DUR 
his rubbing medicine 
k̉ʷiičsimčỷakukʔi 
k̉ʷiičsimčỷakʷ 
marksmanship training medicine 
-uk 
DUR 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
marksmanship training medicine 
muuštaqimɬ 
muu 
four 
-taqimɬ 
bundle 
four bundles 
. 

He takes his marksmanship training medicines, (of which there are) four units.

25.17
hay 
hay2 
shout 
shout 
, 
waaʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
he said again 
kʷiiqšiƛħʔaƛ 
kʷiiqšiƛ 
rub 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
while rubbing 
, 
c̉axšiʔiikquus 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
-ˀiikʷ1 
HYP.FUT 
-quus 
1 CND 
when I spear at 
haʔumštup 
haʔumštup 
fish 
fish 
wikukqas 
wik 
not 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may mine not do 
ɬiʔaa 
ɬiʔaa 
miss the mark 
miss the mark 
wikukqas 
wik 
not 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may mine not do 
ɬiʔaa 
ɬiʔaa 
miss the mark 
miss the mark 
wikukqas 
wik 
not 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may mine not do 
ɬiʔaa 
ɬiʔaa 
miss the mark 
miss the mark 
wikukqas 
wik 
not 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may mine not do 
ɬiʔaa 
ɬiʔaa 
miss the mark 
miss the mark 
. 

'Hay!' he says again as he rubs (himself), 'when I spear at fish, may my (spear) not miss! may mine not miss! may mine not miss! may mine not miss!

The proper form in the ritual. The more normal form would be wikokʷikqas with future -ik-. Last two times of w.l. are hard and fervent.

25.18
k̉ʷičit̉aƛma 
k̉ʷičit 
marksman 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
there is a marksman 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
waaʔatikqas 
waa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may it be said of me 
. 

May it be said of me, "There is a marksman!"

25.19
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
if 
if 
ʔuuščimɬn̉iquus 
ʔuuš 
some 
-či2 
at 
-maɬn̉i 
out on water 
-(w)uus2 
3.RelDub 
they are out on the water (with me) 
ỷimħsaapikqas 
ỷimħsaap 
shame s.o. 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
may I cause him to be ashamed 
. 

'If I am out on the water with anyone, may I cause him to be ashamed!

25.20
ʔayačiqħikqas 
ʔaya 
many 
-či1 
along with 
-ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may I be among many 
ʔayačiqħikqas 
ʔaya 
many 
-či1 
along with 
-ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may I be among many 
c̉aaxc̉aaxʷiikquus 
c̉aaxc̉aaxʷa 
spearing 
-ˀiikʷ1 
HYP.FUT 
-quus 
1 CND 
when I am spearing 
haʔumštup 
haʔumštup 
fish 
fish 
. 

'May I be among many (fish)! may I be among many when I am spearing fish!'

25.21
cumaanupikqas 
cumaanawup 
fill up 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
may I fill up 
k̉ačšiƛʔis 
k̉ačšiƛ 
take a short time 
-ʔis 
DIM 
take a short time 
č̉apac 
č̉apac 
canoe 
canoe 
. 

'May I fill the canoe in a short time!'

25.22
t̉aqasukʷikqas 
t̉aq1 
unchanged 
-as1 
reach 
-uk 
POSS 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
may mine go straight 
miɬsỷi 
miɬsỷi 
spear 
spear 
wikukqas 
wik 
not 
-uk 
DUR 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may mine not do 
ɬiʔaa 
ɬiʔaa 
miss the mark 
miss 
wikukqas 
wik 
not 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may mine not do 
ɬiʔaa 
ɬiʔaa 
miss the mark 
miss 
wikukʷikqas 
wik 
not 
-uk 
POSS 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
may mine not 
ɬačaaƛ 
ɬačaa 
be escaping 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
let them escape 
ʕaakỷak 
ʕaakỷakʷ 
salmon harpoon 
salmon harpoon 
. 

'May my spear go straight! may mine not miss! may mine not miss! may my salmon harpoon not let them escape!'

25.23
muup̉inqsak 
muu 
four 
-p̉inq 
... times around 
-sasa 
just [L] 
-ˀak 
POSS 
he does his four times 
wawaa 
wawaa 
say 
say 
qʷam̉aa 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
thus many 
kʷiiqỷak 
kʷiiqỷakʷ 
rubbing medicine 
rubbing medicine 
. 

He says it four times for each rubbing medicine.

I.e., four times for each bundle, once for each medicine in the bundle.

25.24
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ħaaħaaħanuʔaƛ̉atquu 
ħaaħaaħanawiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when he is finished 
qʷam̉aa 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
all 
kʷiiqỷak 
kʷiiqỷakʷ 
rubbing medicine 
rubbing medicine 
hitaqsiʔat 
hitaqsiƛ 
get into 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he gets into 
č̉aapact̉iiʔiɬeʔi 
č̉aapact̉iʔiɬa 
model canoe 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the model canoe 
. 

Then, when he is finished with all the rubbing bundles, he gets into the model canoe.

25.25
ciqšiʔaƛ̉at 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he says to 
ƛiičaat̉iiʔiɬeʔi 
ƛiičaat̉iʔiɬa 
pretend steersman 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the pretended steersman 
, 
ču 
čuu1 
well! 
well! 
hinaačiʔiikin 
hinaačiƛ 
set off on the water 
-ˀiikʷ1 
HYP.FUT 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we are now setting off to sea 
c̉ac̉aaw̉iiħ 
c̉ac̉aaw̉iiħ 
go to spear 
go to spear 
. 

He says to the pretended steersman, 'We are now going out to sea to spear.'

pg. 48 begins above

25.26
hinuʔaɬqatħʔat 
hinuʔaɬqatħ 
pretend to see 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he pretends to see 
ʔaya 
ʔaya 
many 
many 
haʔum 
haʔum 
fish 
fish 
c̉ac̉aaw̉iiħšiƛqatħʔaƛ̉at 
c̉ac̉aaw̉iiħšiƛ 
try to spear 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
trying to spear 
ʔuukʷiɬʔat 
ʔuukʷiɬ2 
refer to 
-ˀat 
PASS 
do to 
haaʔumt̉iiʔiɬam̉inħʔi 
haaʔumt̉iʔiɬa 
fish effigy 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the imitation fish 
hiyeeʔis 
hiʔiis 
on the ground.pl 
there on the ground 
hiʔiisħʔatʔitq 
hiʔiis 
on the ground 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
on the ground 
ʔuusimč̉at 
ʔuusimč 
do ritual training 
-ˀat 
PASS 
doing ritual training 
. 

He pretends to see many imitation fish and to try to get them there on the level spot on the ground where he is training.

25.27
c̉axšiʔaƛ̉at 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he spears 
c̉awaaħtat 
c̉awaˑ 
one 
-ħtaˑ1 
do to 
-ˀat 
PASS 
at the one 
ħamat 
ħamat 
singled out 
singled out 
yaaqʷaataʔaaɬʔatʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-aataʔaaɬ 
do to 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who is to be done to 
muup̉itšiʔat 
muup̉it 
four times 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he did four times 
c̉axšiƛ 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
spear 
. 

He spears at the one that has been singled out; four times he spears.

25.28
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
if 
if 
wikquu 
wik 
not 
-quu1 
3.CND 
he does not 
c̉aw̉aqƛ 
c̉aw̉aqƛ 
spear sticks in 
spear sticks in 
muup̉itšiʔat 
muup̉it 
four times 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀat 
PASS 
doing four times 
c̉axšiƛ 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
spearing 
ɬiɬiʔaquu 
DUP- 
DIST 
ɬiʔaa 
miss the mark 
-quu1 
3.CND 
each time missing 
huʔaasʔatƛaa 
huʔaas 
once again 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
=again 
he does once again 
kʷiiqšiʔat 
kʷiiqšiƛ 
rub 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he rubs himself 
ʔiiqsčiiksatƛaa 
ʔiqħ 
same 
-sčiikʷ 
going along 
-sasa 
just [L] 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
=again 
doing the same again 
wawaaʔaanitʔitq 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)it 
former 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what he said 
ʔeʔim 
ʔeʔim 
at first 
at first 
. 

If he does not hit in spearing four times, if he misses each, he rubs himself again, saying exactly what he has said at first.

25.29
ħaaħaaħanuʔatƛaa 
ħaaħaaħanawiƛ 
finish 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
=again 
he again finishes 
hitaqsiʔatƛaa 
hitaqsiƛ 
get into 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
=again 
again getting into 
č̉aapact̉iiʔiɬeʔi 
č̉aapact̉iʔiɬa 
model canoe 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the model canoe 
. 

He finishes and once more gets into the pretended canoe.

25.30
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
ƛaan̉e 
ƛaan̉e 
you 
you 
, 
waaʔatƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
=again 
he said again 
yayaqt̉iiʔiɬatʔitq 
DUP- 
PL 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-t̉iˑʔiɬa 
pretend to [L] 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
to the ones who were pretendedly with him 
. 

'All right, you!' he says again to the ones who are pretendedly in the canoe with him.

25.31
c̉ac̉aaw̉iiħšiƛqatħʔatƛaa 
c̉ac̉aaw̉iiħšiƛ 
try to spear 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
=again 
he again pretends to try and spear 
haaʔumt̉iiʔiɬam̉inħʔi 
haaʔumt̉iʔiɬa 
fish effigy 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the imitation fish 
c̉axšiʔatƛaa 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
=again 
he again spears 
yaaqʷaataʔaaɬʔatʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-aataʔaaɬ 
do to 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
at the one he did to 
c̉aw̉aqstuƛ 
c̉aw̉aqstawiƛ 
impale 
impaled 
ʔeʔim 
ʔeʔim 
at first 
at first 
. 

He again pretends to try to get the various make-believe fish with his spear, hurls his spear at the one he impaled with his spear the first time.

25.32
huʔaasʔatƛaa 
huʔaas 
once again 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
=again 
he does once again 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
if 
if 
ɬiɬiʔaquu 
DUP- 
DIST 
ɬiʔaa 
miss the mark 
-quu1 
3.CND 
each time missing 
. 

He does it again if he keeps missing each time.

25.33
ʔuu 
ʔuu 
Oh! 
Oh 
ʔiqsimsaʕaš 
ʔiqħ 
still 
-sim2 
lack 
-saˑʕaš 
1s.INF 
I seem to still need more 
, 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he said now 
. 

'Oh, I seem to need some more,' he said now.

pg. 49 begins below

25.34
huʔaasʔatƛaa 
huʔaas 
once again 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
=again 
he does once again 
kʷiiqšiƛ 
kʷiiqšiƛ 
rub 
rubs 
ʔuukst̉iiħʔat 
ʔuukst̉iiħ 
aim to do 
-ˀat 
PASS 
with the aim of 
wiktaqšiʔiikquu 
wiktaqšiƛ 
fail 
-ˀiikʷ1 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
he does not 
ɬiʔaa 
ɬiʔaa 
miss the mark 
miss 
muup̉itšiʔat 
muup̉it 
four times 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he did four times 
c̉axšiƛ 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
spear 
ʔiiqħaataʔaaɬʔat 
ʔiqħ 
still 
-aataʔaaɬ 
do to 
-ˀat 
PASS 
still doing at 
haaʔumt̉iiʔiɬeʔi 
haaʔumt̉iʔiɬa 
fish effigy 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
at the fish effigy 
. 

He rubs again until he does not miss in four tries at the same fish.

25.35
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
if 
if 
wiktaqšiʔatquu 
wiktaqšiƛ 
fail 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
he fails 
ħačatak̉ap̉at 
ħačatakʷ 
all 
-ˀap 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
to do all 
muup̉itšiƛ 
muup̉it 
four times 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
do four times 
c̉aw̉aqƛ 
c̉aw̉aqƛ 
spear sticks in 
spear sticks in 
c̉awaayiyat 
c̉awaayiya 
at one time 
-ˀat 
PASS 
at one time 
k̉ʷiičsimč 
k̉ʷiičsimč 
marksmanship training ritual 
marksmanship training ritual 
huʔaasʔatƛaa 
huʔaas 
once again 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
=again 
he does once again 
k̉ʷiičsimčšiƛ 
k̉ʷiičsimčšiƛ 
do marksmanship training 
do marksmanship training 
ʔuukst̉iiħsat 
ʔuukst̉iiħ 
aim to do 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀat 
PASS 
only aiming for 
wiktaqšiʔatiikquu 
wiktaqšiƛ 
fail 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ˀiikʷ1 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
fails to 
ɬiʔaaʔap̉at 
ɬiʔaaʔap 
miss (the target) 
-ˀat 
PASS 
miss the mark 
c̉axšiƛ 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
spear 
haaʔumt̉iiʔiɬeʔi 
haaʔumt̉iʔiɬa 
fish effigy 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the imitation fish 
. 

If he fails to get it in every one of four successive attempts, he trains again until he does not miss spearing the imitation fish.

25.36
k̉ʷičitšiʔaƛsaʕaš 
k̉ʷičitšiƛ 
become a marksman 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-saˑʕaš 
1s.INF 
I seem to be a marksman 
, 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he said now 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
wiktaqšiʔaƛ̉atquu 
wiktaqšiƛ 
fail 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when he does not do 
ɬiʔaaʔap̉at 
ɬiʔaaʔap 
miss (the target) 
-ˀat 
PASS 
missing the mark 
muup̉it̉at 
muu 
four 
-p̉it3 
... times 
-ˀat 
PASS 
for four times 
c̉axšiƛ 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
spearing 
. 

'I seem to have become a marksman,' he says when he does not miss in four tries.

25.37
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hawiiʔaƛ̉at 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he has finished 
ʔuusimč 
ʔuusimč 
do ritual training 
do ritual training 
. 

Then he has finished ritual training.

25.38
čaani 
čaani 
at that time 
at that time 
n̉aačaɬačiiħʔaƛ̉at 
n̉aačaɬačiiħ 
test s.o. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he tests whether 
hisčaaƛ̉atuusi 
his(t) 
LOC 
-či2 
at 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(w)uusi 
3.RelDub 
where he might be  
k̉ʷičit̉at 
k̉ʷičit 
marksman 
-ˀat 
PASS 
being a marksman 
. 

At the time, he tests where he stands as a marksman.

25.39
hinaačiʔaƛ̉at 
hinaačiƛ 
set off on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he sets off on the water 
c̉aaxc̉aaxšiʔaƛ̉at 
c̉aaxc̉aaxšiƛ 
be spearing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
be spearing 
k̉ačšiƛʔic̉at 
k̉ačšiƛ 
take a short time 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-ˀat 
PASS 
in a short while 
cumaanup̉at 
cumaanawup 
fill up 
-ˀat 
PASS 
filling up 
č̉apac 
č̉apac 
canoe 
canoe 
. 

He goes out spearing and in a short time fills up the canoe.

25.40
wiktaqšiʔaƛ 
wiktaqšiƛ 
fail 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he does not  
ɬiʔaa 
ɬiʔaa 
miss the mark 
miss 
ʔuusaaħaƛ 
ʔuusaaħi 
for this reason 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
because of 
qʷaaʔap̉aanitʔitq 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)it 
former 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which he has done 
ʔuusimč̉at 
ʔuusimč 
do ritual training 
-ˀat 
PASS 
doing ritual training 
. 

He does not miss because of what he has done in training.

25.41
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
ħačaqšiʔaƛsaʕaš 
ħačaqšiƛ 
be completely 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-saˑʕaš 
1s.INF 
I seem to have completed 
, 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he said now 
wiktaqšiʔaƛquu 
wiktaqšiƛ 
fail 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
if he does not 
ɬiʔaa 
ɬiʔaa 
miss the mark 
miss the mark 
. 

'Well, I seem to have completed (my training),' he says if he does not miss the mark.

25.42
ʔuyaaƛ̉atƛaa 
ʔuyi 
whether 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
=again 
when he again does 
ʔuusimčšiƛ 
ʔuusimčšiƛ 
train for power 
training for power 
ɬiɬiʔiičiʔaƛquu 
ɬiɬiʔiičiƛ 
start to miss the mark 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
if he starts to miss the mark 
. 

He trains again if he starts to miss the mark.

25.43
wik̉aƛ̉at 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he doesn't do 
qiičiƛ 
qiičiƛ 
take a long time 
for a long time 
ʔuusimč 
ʔuusimč 
do ritual training 
do ritual training 
. 

He does not train very long (this time).