038. Tom Marries

Dictated by Tom Sayachapis, Nov. 18, 19 1913 - Jan 12, 1914. Notebook XV: 8-14.

Describes Tom Sayachapis' wedding.

38.1
naneʔiqsoo 
neʔiiqsu 
uncle 
oh, uncles! 
waaʔaƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s ABS 
I said now 
ciʕasčip̉iikeʔicuu 
ciʕas 
woo 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
-ˀiikʷ1 
HYP.FUT 
-(m)eˑʔicuu 
2p.IND 
you will woo for me 
ħayuʔi 
ħayu 
ten 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the ten 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chiefs 
niitiinaʔatħ 
niitiinaʔatħ 
Ditidaht people 
Ditidaht people 

'Uncles,' I said to the ten Ditidaht chiefs 'You are to woo for me.'

Tom wanted to marry a girl in his own tribe, but arranged for his Ditidaht relatives to act for him. 'Uncles' includes relatives of parents' generation, whether or not they are blood brothers to one's parents. Tom is called 'son' by the Ditidaht speaker, but this is only rhetorical.

pg. 9 begins here

38.2
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
ħaw̉iiħʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chiefs 
niitiinaʔatħ 
niitiinaʔatħ 
Ditidaht people 
Ditidaht people 
naneʔiqsakqas 
neʔiiqsu 
uncle.pl 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my uncles 

''Very well', said the Ditidaht chiefs, my uncles.

38.3
caqiicink̉aƛ 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
twenty did together 
ciʕas 
ciʕas 
woo 
went to talk marriage 

Twenty went together to talk marriage.

38.4
ciqšiʔaƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he spoke now 
ʔuħuk 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
his was 
ʕimtii 
ʕimtii 
name 
name 
kuuʕaỷik 
kuuʕaỷik 
Koayik 
Koayik 

The one whose name was Koayik spoke,

Tom's father was dead at this time.

38.5
naʔaataħʔis 
naʔaataħ 
listen 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
listen to me! 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
siỷaasaħ 
siỷaas 
mine 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
he is mine 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
yaʕatiik 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ˀiikʷ1 
HYP.FUT 
the one who will do 
qʷamiħsat 
qʷaa 
thus 
-miħsa 
want 
-ˀat 
PASS 
that wants to do 
yaʕatiik 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ˀiikʷ1 
HYP.FUT 
the one who will do 
ciʕasʔat 
ciʕas 
woo 
-ˀat 
PASS 
talk marriage to you 

'Listen to me, O chief, the one who desires to talk marriage to you is my tribesman."

Tom here acts as though Ditidath.If man is realed to other tribe and wishes to marry girl in his own tribe, he can ciʕas or ɬučħaa to her with their help, as though stranger. He can also use his own people.

38.6
siỷaasaħ 
siỷaas 
mine 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
he is mine 
t̉an̉a 
t̉an̉a 
child 
child 
qatw̉aatqa 
qatw̉aat 
half 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that is half 
niitiinaʔatħ 
niitiinaʔatħ 
Ditidaht people 
Ditidaht people 
qatw̉aatqa 
qatw̉aat 
half 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that is half 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
yaqʷinƛiik 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-aˑnaw̉iƛ 
because of ... 
-ˀiikʷ1 
HYP.FUT 
for which reason 
wikʔaaqƛ 
wik 
not 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
will not 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
ʔaaqinč̉aš 
ʔaqin 
what? 
-č̉aˑʕaš 
3.INFER 
I wonder why he does... 
kʷisaatħuk 
kʷisaatħ 
different tribe 
-uk 
POSS 
has a different tribe 
ciʕas 
ciʕas 
woo 
talking marriage 

"He is my son, half-Ditidaht and half-Tsishaath, for which reason you are not to say, "I wonder why he has another tribe wooing (for him).""

38.7
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
mine is  
siỷaas 
siỷaas 
mine 
mine 
t̉an̉a 
t̉an̉a 
child 
child 
č̉uučkiic 
č̉uučk 
all 
-iic 
belong to 
belonging to all  
t̉an̉a 
t̉an̉a 
child 
child 
hiʔiis 
hiʔiis 
on the ground 
here 
ħaw̉iiħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chiefs 
ħayuʔi 
ħayu 
ten 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the ten 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chiefs 

"Indeed, he is my son and the son of all the ten chiefs here on (your) ground."

38.8
sukʷiƛčipʔaaqƛeʔic 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you will take my 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
mind 
thinking 
siičiɬ 
siičiɬ 
me(Obj) 
me 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
since you have 
qiiʔaƛuk 
qii 
long time 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
DUR 
for a long time 
ʔunaak 
ʔunaakʷ 
have 
have 
ʔaħkuu 
ʔaħkuu 
thus 
thus 
ʔaniƛiik 
ʔaniƛ 
so that 
-ˀiikʷ1 
HYP.FUT 
so that it might be 
qʷayaatuk̉ʷat 
qʷayaatuk 
utter 
-ˀat 
PASS 
be addressed thus 
hinħinʔat 
hinħin 
take away 
-ˀat 
PASS 
take away 
ʔunaakšiʔaƛquuk 
ʔunaakšiƛ 
have 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
that you have 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
daughter 

"You will take my thought, O chief, since you have had this (ceremony) for a long time and will always be addressed in this way, when you have a daughter, by (people) taking her away."

i.e. you are of family that has always had people coming to ciʕas to; are of good family.

pg. 10 begins below

38.9
suw̉aaʕaƛquuk 
suw̉aaq 
you (sg) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
since you are 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
wikỷuu 
wikỷuu 
never 
never 
t̉iiyaasʔap 
t̉iiyaasʔap 
cast out 
cast out 
qʷayaatuk̉ʷaƛ̉atquuk 
qʷayaatuk 
utter 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
when you are addressed 
ʔaħkuu 
ʔaħkuu 
thus 
thus 
qʷayaatuk̉ʷaƛqas 
qʷayaatuk 
utter 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I say to you now 
sukʷiƛčip̉isim 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
-ˀiˑsim 
2s>1s.FUT.IMPER 
take mine 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
mind 
mind 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
for you 
qaan̉imʔak 
qaan̉im 
sacred 
-ˀak 
POSS 
your sacred (ritual) 
ʔaħkuu 
ʔaħkuu 
thus 
thus 
hiʔiisħqas 
hiʔiis 
on the ground 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I am doing here 
qʷayaatuk 
qʷaa 
thus 
-aˑtuk 
make ... sound 
speaking thus 

"Since you are a chief who never casts out (suitors) when addressed in this way, take my thought, O chief, for you have this sacred (ritual) in this place where I am now speaking."

t̉iiyaasʔap - Tom has tupaati that whoever comes first to ciʕas for his daughter must be accepted. This is considered great privilege, as, if one rejects suitor, it puts one who rejects "low" (not im who is refused). Not all families have this tupaati. Two people (Chief Jackson of the Uchucklesaht and Toquart Jim = ħuħuuqʷayač) tried to get Eva in ciʕas, but she would go to school and have matron tell Tom he would be put in jail for forcing her to marry person she did not want. Tom wanted very much she should follow tupaati, but she would not (in earlier days girl would have been forced and would follow husband crying on beach.) Thus Tom was "put down" and felt ashamed. With Tom's first daughter (now dead) tupaati was followed. In text no reference to this tupaati. These are all stock phrases.

qʷayaatuk̉ʷaƛ̉atquuk - all this is done outside in front of house. They do not enter house at all during ciʕas.

38.10
ƛuyačiʔat̉im 
ƛuyačiƛ 
be favourable to 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ˀim 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
let yours be favourable to 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
mind 
mind 
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
qʷaaqʷaỷiik 
DUP- 
SUF 
qʷaa 
thus 
-(y)iik 
2s.INDF.REL 
you are always thus 
suw̉aaʕaƛquuk 
suw̉aaq 
you (sg) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
since you are 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 

"Let your mind become favourable, for you are always that way if you are a chief."

38.11
ɬaksuuqstuʔisim 
ɬaksuuqstawiƛ 
take pity on 
-ˀiˑsim 
2s>1s.FUT.IMPER 
take pity on me 
n̉ašiʔim 
n̉aššiƛ2 
go to see 
-ˀim 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
look at this 
hiʔiis 
hiʔiis 
on the ground 
here on the ground 
tupaatiʔi 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ceremonial privilege 
suw̉aasʔi 
suw̉aas 
yours 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
yours 
tupaati 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
ceremonial privilege 
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
yaac̉aaqsteʔiʔatuk 
yaac̉aaqsteʔiƛ 
step inside 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
step inside 
ʔaħkuu 
ʔaħkuu 
thus 
thus 
tupaatakʔitqak 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
which is your ceremonial privilege 

"Take pity on me and look at this ceremonial privilege here on the ground, your tupaati, for this tupaati of yours has been stepped within."

i.e., this ciʕas tupaati belongs to both Tom and Wiicaħ.

38.12
ħayuqumɬuksi 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-uk 
POSS 
-siˑ2 
1s ABS 
I have ten 
ʔink 
ʔinkʷ 
fire 
fires 
tupaati 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
ceremonial privilege 
ʔuħuksi 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
-siˑ2 
1s ABS 
it is mine 
ħiʔiƛ̉iik 
ħiʔiƛ̉iikʷ 
Lightning-Serpent 
Lightning Serpent 
tupaati 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
ceremonial privilege 

"I have ten fires as a ceremonial privilege and I have a Lightning-Serpent privilege."

38.13
hawiiʔaƛsi 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s ABS 
I now finished 
ciʕas 
ciʕas 
woo 
talking marriage 

I now finished talking marriage.

38.14
hiʔiis 
hiʔiis 
on the ground 
I remained here on the ground 
tupaatakqas 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my ceremonial privileges  
muučiiỷas 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-ˀas1 
on ground 
four days on the ground 

My tupati remained on the ground there for four days.

All this time Tom was camping with the Ditidaht.

38.15
hišimỷuup̉aƛ 
hišimỷuup 
gather 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he gathered 
n̉uw̉iiqsuʔi 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the father 
č̉uučk̉iʔaƛ 
č̉uučk̉iƛ 
invite all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
take all 
ʔuw̉aat̉inʔakʔi 
ʔuw̉aˑt̉in 
relative 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
his relatives 
c̉išaaʔatħtaqimɬ 
c̉išaaʔatħtaqimɬ 
Tsishaa band 
Tsishaa band 

Then the father gathered together all of his relatives of the Tsishaath.

It used to be quite common to call "uncles" "fathers" and "aunts" mothers." This is still done in making speeches.

38.16
sukʷiʔaƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they accepted it 
tupaatiʔi 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ceremonial privilege 
c̉išaaʔatħtaqimɬ 
c̉išaaʔatħtaqimɬ 
Tsishaa band 
Tsishaa band 

The Tsishaath band accepted the ceremonial privilege.

pg. 11 begins here

38.17
m̉aw̉aaʔaƛ̉ičak 
m̉aw̉aa 
deliver 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑčak 
come! [2p] 
come and take it to 
tupaatiʔi 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the topati 
hiʔiis 
hiʔiis 
on the ground 
there 
waaʔaƛuk 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
he told them 
n̉uw̉iiqsu 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
father 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 

'Come and take the topati back there,' said the father of the young woman.

All this time Tom and his people were staying at dam with Ditidaht (present reserve not yet built; main villages up here were n̉uupc̉ikapis and ƛukʷatquwis).

38.18
m̉aw̉aaʔaƛ 
m̉aw̉aa 
deliver 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they brought back 
tupaatiʔi 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ceremonial privilege 
c̉išaaʔatħtaqimɬ 
c̉išaaʔatħtaqimɬ 
Tsishaa band 
Tsishaa band 
hinasiʔaƛ 
hinasiƛ 
arrive 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they arrived  
hiỷatħqas 
hiỷatħ 
live at 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
where I was living 

The Tsishaath brought back the ceremonial privilege and arrived where I was living.

38.19
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
qʷisʔaƛ̉i 
qʷis 
do thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ 
2s>3.IMPER 
do your thing! 
qʷaỷakukuusik 
qʷaỷakʷ 
ritual 
-uk 
POSS 
-(w)uusik 
2s.RelDub 
do your ritual 
ʔaħkuu 
ʔaħkuu 
this 
thus 
tupaatiʔi 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ceremonial privilege 

'Very well, perform your ritual, this ceremonial privilege.'

38.20
ɬuučħukʷiʔaƛ̉i 
ɬuučħukʷiƛ 
start marriage ceremony 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ 
2s>3.IMPER 
start marriage ceremony 
ʔam̉iiƛik 
ʔam̉iiƛik 
tomorrow 
tomorrow 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
c̉išaaʔatħtaqimɬ 
c̉išaaʔatħtaqimɬ 
Tsishaa band 
Tsishaa band 

'Start the marriage ceremony tomorrow!' said the Tsishaath band.

38.21
hišimỷuup̉aƛsi 
hišimỷuup 
gather 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s ABS 
I gathered together 
ʔuw̉aat̉inʔakqas 
ʔuw̉aˑt̉in 
relative 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my relatives 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
at night 

I assembled my relatives at night.

38.22
sukʷiʔaƛsi 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s ABS 
I took them 
waninʔatħ 
waninʔatħ 
Wanin people 
Wanin people 
sukʷiʔaƛsi 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s ABS 
I took them 
našʔasʔatħ 
našʔasʔatħ 
Nashasath band 
Nashasath band 
sukʷiʔaƛsi 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s ABS 
I took them 
maakƛʕiiʔatħ 
maakƛʕiiʔatħ 
Wouwer Island band 
Wouwer Island band 

I took the Wanin band and I took the Nashasath and I took the Wouwer Island band.

38.23
ʔukʷiiɬšiʔaƛsi 
ʔukʷiiɬšiƛ 
make 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s ABS 
I prepared  
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
songs 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 

I got (my) songs ready at night.

38.24
n̉aasšiƛ 
n̉aasšiƛ 
dawn 
at dawn 
čiiʕaaʔataƛ 
čiiʕaaʔatu 
pull down 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were pulled down 
ɬuʔuk 
ɬuʔuk 
board 
boards 
ƛušinqšiʔaƛ 
ƛušinqšiƛ 
make canoe platform 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they boarded over canoes 
p̉inw̉aɬʔi 
p̉inw̉aɬ 
long canoe 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
long canoes 
ʔuħtiniičiʔaƛ 
ʔuħtiniičiƛ 
be made up of 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
being made up of 
ɬuʔuk 
ɬuʔuk 
board 
boards 

At daybreak, boards were pulled down and the long canoes were boarded over, using the boards.

38.25
hinaasiʔaƛ 
hinaasiƛ 
get on a surface 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they got on 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ʔaƛqimɬ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
two 
ƛušinqak 
ƛušinqakʷ 
canoe platform 
canoe platforms 

The people got onto two canoe platforms.

38.26
hitaquuʔani 
hitaquuʔa 
round the point 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we rounded the point 

We rounded the point.

This word is used when they get in sight, even if no real point is there.

pg. 12 begins here

38.27
|| 
hiyayyaaaŋaa 
hahahaaaŋaa 
hiʔičaŋaan 
kʷisʔuksiiŋiiš 
ħiʔiƛ̉iiŋiik 
Lightning-Serpent 
ɬučħayaaƛquus 
matmayaas 
the tribes 
... 
waƛwaayaaksiiš 
ħiʔiƛ̉iiŋiik 
Lightning-Serpent 
ɬučħayaaƛquus 
matmayaas 
the tribes 
||. 

A marriage song accompanying a dance with a lightning-serpent mask when entering the house. Of Hisaawista origin.

38.28
Proseː 
hičinkʷisukʷaħ 
hičinkʷis 
face towards together on the beach 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
mine face each other on the beach 
ħiʔiƛ̉iik 
ħiʔiƛ̉iikʷ 
Lightning-Serpent 
Lightning Serpents 
ɬučħaaʔaƛquus 
ɬučħaa 
go for marriage 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1 CND 
when I go for marriage 
maatmaas 
maʔas 
tribe.pl 
tribes 
waaƛwaayakaħ 
waaƛwaaya2 
gliding about 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
mine is gliding about 
ħiʔiƛ̉iik 
ħiʔiƛ̉iikʷ 
Lightning-Serpent 
Lightning Serpents 
ɬučħaaʔaƛquus 
ɬučħaa 
go for marriage 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1 CND 
when I go for marriage 
maatmaas 
maʔas 
tribe.pl 
tribes 

"My Lightning Serpents face each other on the beach when I go for marriage to the tribes, my Lightning Serpents are gliding about when I go for marriage to the tribes."

38.29
hišinkʷisukʷaħ 
hičinkʷis 
face towards together on the beach 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
mine face each other on the beach 
ħiʔiƛ̉iik 
ħiʔiƛ̉iikʷ 
Lightning-Serpent 
Lightning Serpent 
ɬučħaaʔaƛquus 
ɬučħaa 
go for marriage 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1 CND 
when I go for marriage 
maatmaas 
maʔas 
tribe.pl 
tribes 

"My lightning serpents face each other on the beach; when I go for marriage from tribe to tribe."

38.30
waaƛwaayakaħ 
waaƛwaaya2 
gliding about 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
mine are gliding about 
ħiʔiƛ̉iik 
ħiʔiƛ̉iikʷ 
Lightning-Serpent 
Lightning Serpents 
ɬučħaaʔaƛquus 
ɬučħaa 
go for marriage 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1 CND 
when I go for marriage 
maatmaas 
maʔas 
tribe.pl 
tribes 

My lightning serpents glide about when I go for marriage from tribe to tribe.

38.31
hitaatap̉aƛ 
hitaatap2 
remove 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they took off 
hinkiicimʔakʔi 
hinkiicim 
head-mask 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their head-masks 
hiiɬħʔaƛ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
where they were 
mačiiɬʔi 
mačiiɬ 
be in house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
in the house 

They took off their head-masks there in the house.

38.32
ħan̉aħtuƛ 
ħan̉aħtawiƛ 
disrobe 
they took off 
k̉acħaqukʔi 
k̉acħaq 
blanket 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their blankets 
ħiʔiƛ̉iikʔi 
ħiʔiƛ̉iikʷ 
Lightning-Serpent 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Lightning Serpents 

The Lightning Serpents took off their blankets.

Lightning Serpents are supposed to make way for people going for marriage. When masks are taken off, it is sign that they are accepted. Sometimes people would take their chance in going for marriage even if they have been rejected in ciʕas or without having had ciʕas.

38.33
hišink̉ap̉aƛ 
hišink̉ap 
put together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they piled together 
k̉acħaqukʔi 
k̉acħaq 
blanket 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their blankets 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
hinkiicimʔakʔi 
hinkiicim 
head-mask 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their head-masks 

They piled their blankets and head-masks together.

38.34
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they left the house 
č̉uučk̉aƛ 
č̉uučk 
all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all of them now 

All went outside.

Others wait for dancers to come back and bring them in.

38.35
ƛaaʔuuʔaƛsi 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s ABS 
I took up another one 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 

I took up another song.

38.36
|| 
hi 
hi1 
well! 
well! 
hi 
hi1 
well! 
well! 
hee 
hee 
say! 
heh 
... 
hahaa 
hahaa! 
... 
ħayuuqumaa 
ɬuks 
panaaħaywaa 
... 
hi 
hi1 
well! 
well! 
hii 
hii 
hii 
hii 
hii 
hii 
hii 
hii 
||. 

A marriage song for a swaying dance, also of Hisaawista origin.

38.37
Prose 
ħayuqumɬukʷaħ 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I have ten 
panaħuu 
panaħuu 
abalone shell ornament 
abalone shell ornaments 

"I have ten abalone shell ornaments."

38.38
ƛaaʔuuʔaƛsiƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I took up another one 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 

I took up another song again.

38.39
|| 
ħeeyuuʔuu 
c̉iiχqimaa 
... 
ŋɔɔ 
... 
ħayuc̉iχqimaa 
... 
ħayuuŋuu 
... 
čeemeet̉aakqalɔɔ 
... 
heeŋee 
... 
||. 

A marriage song of Hisawistath origin.

A song of the type called 'for changing masks'. The dancer wears a face mask which is held in place by the teeth. In the middle of the song he turns around, quickly drops it into a blanket, and puts on another face mask which is lying ready for him. Then he turns around and continues his dance. This song is of Hisawistath origin, but the words are in a Salish dialect of the east coast of Vancouver Island. A marriage song of Uchucklesaht origin. It goes with a thunderbird dance.

38.40
Prose 
ħayuc̉iqqima 
ħayu 
ten 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
-qiˑ 
on/at the head 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
there are ten (feathers) stuck on head 
čaamaat̉akqin 
čaamat̉a 
chief 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qin 
1p REL 
our chief 

'There are ten (feathers) stuck on the head of our chief."

38.41
|| 
huuu 
huuu 
ho! 
ho! 
... 
ʔaa 

hayyaa 
... 
huhu 
ʔaahayya 
... 
waalaaχʔimƛaac 
χaamaalikalaa 
himƛaac 
χaaʔuuqilalaa 
haiya 
... 
haho 
haho 
... 
||. 

East coast song. ħaaʔuuquuɬỷak song. Hisawista. = Changing masks. Dancer has headmask held only by biting. In middle of song he turns around, quickly drops it in blanket where another is ready and puts it on. Then he turns around.

38.42
|| 
tutiitš 
yaaʔaa 
heeheyoo 
... 
||. 

"Thunderbird hehe yoo."

Uchucklesaht marriage song with Thunderbird.

38.43
muup̉itšiƛ 
muup̉it 
four times 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
they did so four times 
qʷaaʔap 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
doing thus 
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finished 

Four times they did it that way and then they stopped.

38.44
muusaaħtak 
muu 
four 
-saˑħtakʷ 
... kind(s) 
there were four kinds of 
tupaati 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
ceremonial privilege 
siỷaas 
siỷaas 
mine 
mine 
qʷiyiis 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
when I did 
ɬučħaa 
ɬučħaa 
pay bride price 
pay brideprice 
wiicaħ 
wiicaħ 
Mrs. Tom 
Witsah 

There were four ceremonial privileges of mine when I married Witsah.

pg. 13 begins here

38.45
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛita 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-(m)it 
former 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
and then he did 
sukʷiʔaƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
taking 
tupaatakʔi 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his ceremonial privilege 
n̉uw̉iiqsak 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-ˀak 
POSS 
father of 
wiicaħ 
wiicaħ 
Mrs. Tom 
Witsah 
ʔukɬaaʔak 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀak 
POSS 
it was named 
ʕimtii 
ʕimtii 
name 
name 
tupaatakʔi 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his ceremonial privilege 
n̉isxatỷak 
n̉isxatỷakʷ 
springy device 
springy device 

Then the father of Witsah took his ceremonial privilege, called 'springy-device'.

Whole ceremony lasts four days, properly speaking. After one is accepted at last ciʕas (say fourth, after being reject three times) he comes for marriage. First three days spent in pleading speeches and in singing tupaati songs and dances of general character (c̉iiqa, č̉ičiħink, ħaacħuuɬa, and others), not regular ɬučħaaỷak songs, intended to show how many tupaatis one has. Last day is taken up with ceremony proper, first wooer's ɬučħaỷak dances and songs, then father-in-law's tests. After these, girl is secured. Wind up with general potlatch (n̉uššiƛ) to tribe as whole; father-in-law gets more than others, but purchase money is considered to consist of all that's given. Father's money called ɬučħaaỷak and is given first, even if not main chief. Money given to others called ʔuuħuuʔiɬỷak (as in n̉uššiƛ potlatch). In Alex's case each head of family was given $3.00 and father-in-law about $20.00 or $30.00. Main expense is in feeding one's own tribe who visit; these sleep in their own canoes and camp on beach. In Alex's case they were feasted for four days, three times each day. On second day, Alex's people put sugar, tea, and boxes of biscuits before father-in-law's house to feed his own people (haʔumčiƛỷak is term applied to gift), so they can get together and decide as to son-in-law's fate next day. No feast given father-in-law on last day. Suitors depart on last day after potlatch.

38.46
ỷaaq 
ỷaˑq 
long 
it was a long 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ƛaasmaptʔi 
ƛaasmapt 
sapling 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
sapling 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔanikitʔi 
ʔanikʷit 
around the circumference 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
around the circumference 

This was a long sapling this big around.

38.47
ƛaqmis 
ƛaqmis 
oil 
oil 
hišink̉aƛ 
hišinkʷ 
get together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
put together with 
ƛaasmaptʔi 
ƛaasmapt 
sapling 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the sapling 

There was oil on the sapling.

Alex Thomas (better): wiisaan̉uɬʔaƛ 'it was greased along it'.

38.48
yacaasiʔaƛuksi 
yacaasiƛ 
step onto a surface 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-siˑ2 
1s ABS 
mine stepped onto it 
ʔuw̉aat̉in 
ʔuw̉aˑt̉in 
relative 
relatives 
yaqiis 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
such that I am  
ɬučħaa 
ɬučħaa 
go for marriage 
going for marriage 

My relatives, since I was the one going for marriage, got on it.

38.49
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔaneʔiiʔaƛquu 
ʔana 
only 
-ʔii 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would only go that far 
t̉isaƛ 
t̉isaƛ 
fall on beach 
falling on the beach 
n̉isxšiʔaƛquu 
n̉isxšiƛ 
bend over 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it bent over 
ƛaasmaptʔi 
ƛaasmapt 
sapling 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the sapling 

They would go so far and then fall to the beach when the sapling bent over.

It tapers at one end and is secured at the other. Hard to keep balance on it, as pole keeps wriggling from weight.

38.50
wik 
wik 
not 
it was not 
qiičiƛ 
qiičiƛ 
take a long time 
taking a long time 
hiniip̉aƛuksi 
hiniip 
get 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-siˑ2 
1s ABS 
one of mine made it 
ʔuw̉aat̉in 
ʔuw̉aˑt̉in 
relative 
relatives 
yaacšiƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
going 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔucačiƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
go to 
wik 
wik 
not 
not 
t̉iʕaaʔatu 
t̉iʕaaʔatu 
fall down 
fall down 

It was not long before one of my relatives made it, walked it without falling down.

38.51
hiniip̉aƛsi 
hiniip 
get 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s ABS 
I obtained it 
tupaatiʔi 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ceremonial privilege 
siỷaasiičiʔaƛsi 
siỷaasiičiƛ 
become mine 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s ABS 
it became mine 
tupaatiʔi 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the tupaati 

I obtained the tupaati as mine.

38.52
hiniiʔas 
hiniiʔas 
bring out 
it was brought out 
ƛaʔuu 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
another 
tupaati 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
ceremonial privilege 

Another topati was brought out.

38.53
ƛasaƛ 
ƛasaƛ 
set up on the beach 
it was set up 
hitinqis 
hitinqis 
beach 
on the beach 
tupaatiʔi 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ceremonial privilege 
ɬuʔuk̉ʷaƛ 
ɬuʔuk 
board 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was a board 

The ceremonial privilege was set up on the beach; it was a board.

pg. 14 begins here

38.54
c̉iickc̉iickšiʔaƛ 
c̉iickc̉iickšiƛ 
be throwing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began throwing 
ʔuw̉aat̉inʔakqas 
ʔuw̉aˑt̉in 
relative 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my relatives 
ʔun̉aaħʔaƛ 
ʔun̉aaħ 
look for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
trying to find out 
yaquusi 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(w)uusi 
3.RelDub 
who he might be 
našuk 
našuk 
strong 
strong 
c̉ickšiƛ 
c̉ickšiƛ 
throw 
throwing 
yaqʔaaqƛii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
who it might be 
č̉aɬsaap 
č̉aɬsaap 
split s.t. 
splitting it 
ɬuʔukʔi 
ɬuʔuk 
board 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the board 

My people began throwing at it to find out who could throw hard (enough to) split the board.

38.55
č̉aɬsaap̉aƛ 
č̉aɬsaap 
split s.t. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he split it 
našukʔi 
našuk 
strong 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
a strong one 

A strong one split it.

38.56
siỷaasiičiʔaƛsiƛaa 
siỷaasiičiƛ 
become mine 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
it became mine 
tupaatiʔi 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ceremonial privilege 

The ceremonial privilege became mine.