046. Beliefs

Tom Sayachapis, taken down by Alex Thomas, Jan. 8, 1922 - ms. 50ee: 35-56, rec'd May 1922 from Alex Thomas; B123 F1(5): 35-56.

A general account of the main religious beliefs of the Nuuchahnulth people as provided by Tom Sayachapis. Includes an account of the origin of the Tsishaath and the various prayers used by people for various powers.

1.1
ʔuusaaħimin 
ʔuusaaħi 
for this reason 
-(m)in 
1p IND 
we did because 
yaqqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-qin 
1p.REL 
that we 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
ħamatsap 
ħamatsap 
find out 
learned 
ħaw̉iɬʔi n̉aas 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
n̉aas 
day 
the Day Chief 
yaʕatqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-qin 
1p.REL 
he who did so to us 
hitasiik̉at 
hitasiikʷ1 
create 
-ˀat 
PASS 
created 
hiɬħ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
while there at 
c̉išaa 
c̉išaˑ 
Benson Island 
Benson Island 
. 

We Tsishaa people learned things because of the Day Chief, who created us there at Benson Island.
pg. 35

1.2
yaaqsaaħiqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-saˑħi 
because of 
-qin 
1p.REL 
because of that we do 
kamat̉ap 
kamat̉ap 
know 
know 
čamiħta 
čamiħta 
really 
really 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ħaw̉iɬqa 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he is the chief 
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
hinaayiɬʔi 
hinaayiɬ 
sky 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
in the sky 
. 

Because of that we know for sure that he is the chief in the sky.

1.3
hayimħiqħčipni 
hayimħi 
not know 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we do not know 
yaqɬaayii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(č,k)ɬaˑ 
name 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
what he is named 
. 

Yet we do not know his name.

1.4
ʔiič̉im 
ʔiič̉im 
old 
he is old (one) 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
. 

The (sky-)chief is an old man.

1.5
ʔanuʔaɬ 
ʔanuʔaɬ 
become aware of 
became aware of it 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
like 
ƛupkšiƛquu 
ƛupkšiƛ 
wake up 
-quu1 
3.CND 
waking up 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
ʔaƛa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
two 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
ʔiič̉im 
ʔiič̉im 
old 
old (one) 
c̉awaak̉aƛ 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
one 
ʔuuštaqyu 
ʔuuštaqyu 
shaman 
shaman 
č̉ač̉aat̉aqƛsuɬ 
č̉ač̉aat̉aqƛsuɬ 
have markings around the eyes 
markings around eyes 
. 

She became aware, as though awakened from sleep, that there were two people, one an old man and one a shaman with bars painted across his eyes.

1.6
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
she was there 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
young woman 
ƛupkšiƛʔi 
ƛupkšiƛ 
wake up 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who woke up 
. 

The one who woke up there was a young woman.

1.7
ħamatsap 
ħamatsap 
realize 
she realized 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ħaakʷaaƛqa 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that she was a young woman 
. 

She realized she was a young woman.

1.8
č̉ičiʔaƛ 
č̉ičiƛ 
cut 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he cut 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
ʔiič̉im 
ʔiič̉im 
old 
old (one) 
histaata 
his(t) 
LOC 
-aˑta 
direct action at 
directing action there 
ʔamaacsatʔi 
ʔamaacsi 
front of thigh 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the front of his thighs 
ʔukʷiisħ 
ʔukʷiis 
on a surface 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
being on a surface 
ɬuʔaɬ 
ɬuʔaɬ 
board 
board 
ƛ̉uq 
ƛ̉uq 
wide 
wide 
ɬuʔaɬʔi 
ɬuʔaɬ 
board 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
board 
. 

The old chief sat on a wide board and cut at the front of his thighs.
pg. 36 begins below

1.9
č̉iisšiʔaƛ 
č̉iisšiƛ 
scrape 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
then he scraped it 
ʔuuštaqyuʔi 
ʔuuštaqyu 
shaman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the shaman 
ʔuʔiiqƛn̉uk 
ʔuʔiiqƛn̉uk 
place in one's hand 
placed in his hand 
kʷikʷinksatʔi 
kʷikʷinksu 
hand 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his hands 
ħismisʔi 
ħismis 
blood 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the blood 
yaqwaħsuɬʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-waħsuɬ 
exit ... 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which came out 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
ʔiič̉im 
ʔiič̉im 
old 
old (one) 
. 

The shaman scraped up into his hand the blood which came out of the old chief.

1.10
puutqšiʔaƛ 
puutqšiƛ 
blow on 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he blew into 
ʔuuštaqyuʔi 
ʔuuštaqyu 
shaman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the shaman 
puutʕaqƛn̉ukʷiʔaƛ 
puutʕaqƛn̉ukʷiƛ 
blow into one's hands 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
blowing into his hands now 
. 

The shaman blew into his hands.

1.11
ʔuħtaaʔaƛ 
ʔuħtaa 
towards 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he did it to 
ħismisʔi 
ħismis 
blood 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the blood 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
there 
there 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
quʔiičiƛuk 
quʔiičiƛ 
become a person 
-uk 
POSS 
his became a person 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
there 
there 
meʔiƛqac 
meʔiƛqac 
boy 
boy 
. 

He did that to the blood and his turned into a boy.

1.12
n̉aacsaaƛ 
n̉aacsa 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she watched now 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
there 
there 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
qʷisʔapqa 
qʷis 
do thus 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they were doing thus 
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
maħt̉iqčiɬħ 
maħt̉iqčiɬ 
inside the house 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
doing so inside the house 
hiiɬc̉aqiɬħ 
hiiɬc̉aqiɬ 
rear of house 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
at the rear of the house 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
. 

The young woman watched them doing this inside at the rear of the house.

1.13
wasqʷiiʔis 
wasqʷiˑ 
do quickly 
-ʔis 
DIM 
the little ones were doing quickly 
ʔeʔiiwačiƛ 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔiiwačiƛ 
get big 
getting big 
ʔaƛeʔi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the two 
ħaakʷaaƛʔisʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the little girl 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
meʔiƛqacʔi 
meʔiƛqac 
boy 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the boy 
. 

Both the little girl and the little boy grew up quickly.

1.14
ʔukɬaaʔaaqƛeʔic 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you shall be named 
n̉aasiiʕatu 
n̉aasiyaʕatu 
Day-Down 
Day-Down 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said now to 
meʔiƛqacʔi 
meʔiƛqac 
boy 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the boy 
. 

"You shall be named Day-Down", they told the boy.

1.15
ʔukɬaaʔaaqƛeʔic 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you shall be named 
n̉aasayiɬim 
n̉aasayiɬim 
Daylight-in-Sky 
Daylight-in-Sky 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said now to 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
. 

"You shall be named Sky-Day", they told the girl.

1.16
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔukʷiiɬšiʔaƛ 
ʔukʷiiɬšiƛ 
make 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he made 
c̉aʔak 
c̉aʔakʷ 
river 
river 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
. 

Then the (Day-)chief made a river.

1.17
čamiħtiičiƛ 
čamiħtiičiƛ 
become real 
it became real 
c̉aamaqakšiƛ 
c̉aamaqakšiƛ 
make a channel 
became a natural canal 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
huum̉uuw̉a 
huum̉uuw̉a 
Effingham Island 
Effingham Island 
ʔapʔaqsuɬ 
ʔapʔaqsuɬ 
mouth 
mouth 
. 

It became a real channel at the mouth of Effingham Island.

1.18
ʔuħmaaʔaƛ 
ʔuħmaaʔaƛ 
be going to be 
it was going to be 
kʷisitʔaqsuɬ 
kʷisitʔaqsuɬ 
other side of mouth 
other side of mouth 
ƛakišquuʔa 
ƛakišquuʔa 
Gibraltar Island 
Gibraltar Island 
. 

The other side of the mouth would be Gibraltar Island.
A point close to Nettle Island.

1.19
ʕaʔuknakšiƛ 
ʕaʔuknakšiƛ 
have a lake 
it came to have a lake 
c̉aʔakʔi 
c̉aʔakʷ 
river 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the river 
čačimħi 
čačimħi 
comfortable 
rightly 
hiineʔisʔi 
hiineʔis 
head (of water) 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
at the head of the canal 
m̉ušak 
m̉ušakʷ 
closed 
closed 
m̉ukʷaʕa 
m̉ukʷaʕa 
Rocky-Shore 
Rocky-Shore 
. 

The river formed a lake, rightly closed at the head of the canal near Rocky-Shore.

1.20
ħaaħuupšiʔat 
ħaaħuupšiƛ 
advise 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were advising them 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ħačisčiħʔi 
ħačisčiħ 
siblings 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the brother and sister 
qʷiʔiisʔaaqƛʔitq 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ˀiˑs1 
eat 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they were to eat 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
qʷiqqʷiqtupʔitq 
DUP- 
PL 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-(š)tuˑp 
... thing 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
which were the various things 
. 

Then they instructed the brother and sister as to the various things they should eat.
pg. 37 begins here

1.21
č̉uučkin̉ak̉uħʔap̉aƛ̉at 
č̉uučkin̉ak̉uħʔap 
show all kinds 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they showed all kinds 
hiyiqtupʔi 
hihiqtup 
different animals 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
all kinds of  
ħustuuptaqimɬ 
ħustuuptaqimɬ 
kinds of seafood 
kinds of seafood 
. 

They showed them all kinds of sea food.

1.22
kaakaaʔupaƛ̉at 
DUP- 
PL 
kaʔup 
mention by name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they mention by name  
yaaqʷiɬʔaaqƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones which they should do 
wik 
wik 
not 
not 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
qʷiqʔiitq 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which it was 
p̉išaq 
p̉išaq 
very bad 
bad 
. 

They mentioned by name the bad things they should not eat.

1.23
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said now to them 
qʷaaʔak̉im 
qʷaa 
thus 
-akʷ 
IMPF 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
do like this 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
maƛit 
maƛ 
tie 
-it1 
on the body 
tied along its shaft 
ʔuʔuʔiiħỷak 
ʔuʔuuʔiiħỷakʷ2 
hunting implement 
hunting implement 
yaqʔaaqƛii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(y)iˑ 
... time 
which should be for 
ʔeʔiiħmaɬn̉i 
ʔeʔiiħmaɬn̉i 
big creatures of the sea 
big creatures of the sea 
. 

They told them, "use an instrument like this, tied along its shaft, for catching the big creatures of the sea".

1.24
yaqʷinƛii 
yaqʷaanaw̉iƛ 
it is for that reason 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
it is for that reason that 
qʷaaʔaƛuk 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
it is thus 
ʔaani 
ʔaani 
really 
really 
maƛit 
maƛ 
tie 
-it1 
on the body 
tied along its shaft 
xʷišimɬ 
xʷišimɬ 
harpoon 
harpoon 
ʔuʔuʔiiħỷak 
ʔuʔuʔiiħ 
hunt 
-ỷakʷ 
use 
for hunting 
ʔiiħtuup 
ʔiiħtuup 
whale 
whales 
maaʔak 
maaʔakʷ 
California gray whale 
California whales 
. 

Because of that, sure enough, the whaling harpoon is tied along the shaft for hunting whales.

1.25
q̉̉aɬšiʔaƛ 
q̉̉aɬšiƛ 
quarrel 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they quarreled 
ʔaƛeʔi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the two 
. 

The two (supreme beings) quarreled.

1.26
ʔuucaħtaksa 
ʔuucaħtaksa 
and then 
and then 
wiiʕaqstuƛ 
wiiʕaqstawiƛ 
get angry 
he got angry 
ʔuuštaqyuʔi 
ʔuuštaqyu 
shaman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the shaman 
n̉iiƛχkʷaʔap 
n̉iiƛχkʷaʔap 
scatter 
scattering 
c̉aʔak̉aƛitʔi 
c̉aʔakʷ 
river 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
that which was the river 
c̉aamaqak̉aƛitʔi 
c̉aamaqak 
canal 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
that which was the canal 
. 

The shaman became angry and scattered the river and channel everywhere.

1.27
yaqʷaanuuʔaƛiič 
yaqʷaanaw̉iƛ 
it is for that reason 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-yiič 
3.INDF.REL 
which is why they are 
qʷaaʔaƛʔitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
which was like 
čaʔakʷačyaƛ 
čaʔakʷačyu 
islands scattered about 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
islands are scattered about now 
ƛaħʔuyi 
ƛaħʔuyi 
recently 
now 
. 

That is why the islands are scattered about now.

1.28
hitaqstuƛ 
hitaqstawiƛ 
get into 
it went into it 
ʕaʔuk̉ʷaƛitʔi 
ʕaʔuk 
lake 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the former lake 
yaqʷaanuuʔaƛiič 
yaqʷaanaw̉iƛ 
it is for that reason 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-yiič 
3.INDF.REL 
which is why they are 
wiiỷaaƛ 
wiiỷa 
never 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it never does 
wiħšiƛ 
wiħšiƛ 
dry up 
dry up 
č̉aʔaac̉uɬ 
č̉aʔaac̉uɬ 
Water-on-a-Cliff 
Water-on-a-Cliff 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
ʕaʔuk 
ʕaʔuk 
lake 
lake 
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
hiỷaqƛʔi 
hiỷaqƛ 
inside 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
inside 
c̉išaa 
c̉išaˑ 
Benson Island 
Benson Island 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
ʕaʔuk 
ʕaʔuk 
lake 
lake 
hitaqƛʔi 
hitaqƛ 
inside 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
inside 
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
. 

The former lake went into (the ground), which is why Water-on-a-cliff never dries up, for they say there is a lake inside Benson Island.

1.29
yaqʷinƛni 
yaqʷaanaw̉iƛ 
it is for that reason 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
it is for that reason that we do 
hiiɬʔaƛuk 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
have there 
t̉iquwiɬ 
t̉iquwiɬ 
seating place 
seating place 
hiiɬc̉aqiɬʔi 
hiiɬc̉aqiɬ 
rear of house 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
at the rear of the house 
. 

That is why we have our seats at the rear end of the house.

1.30
t̉iiqp̉ičiɬʔaƛ 
t̉iiqp̉ičiɬ 
be seated at base of 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were seated at 
ƛameʔi 
ƛama 
housepost 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
housepost 
hiiɬc̉aqiɬ 
hiiɬc̉aqiɬ 
rear of house 
rear of house 
. 

They were seated at the house post at the rear of the house.
pg. 38 begins here

1.31
ʔuunuuʔaƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it is because 
ʔanin 
ʔanin 
that we 
that we 
hiiɬħʔat 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀat 
PASS 
are there 
ʔasiik̉at 
ʔasiikʷ 
create 
-ˀat 
PASS 
were created 
yaqckʷiiqas 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ckʷiˑ 
former 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my ancestors 
. 

We are there because we were created there by my ancestors.

1.32
qʷinỷaap̉aƛ 
qʷinỷaap 
leave in that way 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they left it that way 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
hinaayipiʔaƛ 
hinaayipiƛ 
go up to the sky 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went up to the sky 
ʔiič̉imʔi 
ʔiič̉im 
elder 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the old one 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ʔuuštaqyuʔi 
ʔuuštaqyu 
shaman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the shaman 
hawiiʔaƛ̉atʔitq 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
they finished doing 
ħaaħuupat 
ħaaħuupa 
advising 
-ˀat 
PASS 
instructing 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ʔaƛeʔi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the two 
hitasiik̉at 
hitasiikʷ1 
create 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they created 
. 

The old man and the shaman left things so, as they went up to the sky; they finished instructing the two they had created.

1.33
ciciqink̉isimʔaaɬa 
ciciqinkʷ 
pray 
-ˀiˑsim 
2s>1s.FUT.IMPER 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
you must always pray to me 
naʔaaʔaaqƛqasʔaaɬa 
naʔaˑ 
hear 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
I will always hear 
qʷamaʕiiqƛʔitqak 
qʷamaʕiiqƛ 
want s.o. to do 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
that which you want 
waaɬtaqšiʔaƛ̉at 
waaɬ 
say 
-taqšiƛ1 
before ...ing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he said to them before going 
. 

"You must pray to me at times for I will always hear what you want", he (Day-Chief?) told them before going.

1.34
ʔayiičiʔaƛ 
ʔaayiičiƛ 
increase 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
there were many 
ʔuỷiħtaqšiʔaƛ 
ʔuỷiħtaqšiƛ 
come from 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
coming from 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ʔaƛeʔi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the two 
hiinuumaɬʔin 
hiinuumaɬ 
be born 
-ˀin4 
treated as 
being born of 
ʔuʔin 
ʔuʔin1 
just the same as though 
just the same as though 
yušaac̉uƛsatħ 
yušaac̉uƛsatħ 
fast-growing tribe 
fast-growing tribe 
. 

Many came from the two (siblings), being born of the two, as a tribe which grew up fast.

1.35
takuk 
takuk 
at once 
at once 
maaʔasiiɬqčik 
maaʔasiiɬ 
build a house 
-čik2 
each 
build a house 
ʔuuktisʔaƛ̉at 
ʔuuktis 
copy 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it was copied 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
there 
there 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
qʷeeʔiitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that way 
. 

Right away they built a house, and that house has been copied.

1.36
ʔunaakšiʔaƛ 
ʔunaakšiƛ 
have 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they got to have 
č̉apac 
č̉apac 
canoe 
canoe 
. 

They came to have a canoe.

1.37
ʔuħuk 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
theirs was 
ʕasỷak 
ʕasỷakʷ 
adze 
adze 
hamuutuk ƛ̉uunim 
hamuutuk ƛ̉uunim 
elk bone 
elk bone 
ʔuuxsaqỷak 
ʔuuxsaqỷakʷ 
tool for felling trees 
tool for felling trees 
. 

Their adzing tool for felling trees was an elk bone.

1.38
ʔunaakšiʔaƛ 
ʔunaakšiƛ 
have 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they got to have 
m̉ačỷak 
m̉ačỷakʷ 
sea-mammal spear 
two-pronged harpoon 
miɬsỷi 
miɬsỷi 
spear 
spear 
. 

They got to have sea mammal spears.

1.39
ʔuʔuʔiiħšiʔaƛ 
ʔuʔuʔiiħšiƛ 
hunt for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began to hunt for 
kuukuħw̉isa 
kukuħw̉isa 
hairseal 
hairseal 
. 

They started to hunt hairseal.

1.40
ʔuʔuʔiiħšiʔaƛ 
ʔuʔuʔiiħšiƛ 
hunt for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began to hunt for 
hicswin 
hicswin 
porpoise 
porpoise 
. 

They began to hunt porpoises.

1.41
ʔuħtinʔak 
ʔuħtin 
made of 
-ˀak 
POSS 
theirs was made of 
mamaqsỷim 
mamaqsỷim 
spear-line 
spear-line 
c̉iyupuk kuukuħw̉isa 
c̉iyupuk kuukuħw̉isa 
hairseal guts 
hairseal guts 
. 

Their spear lines were made of hairseal guts.

1.42
ʔuʔuʔiiħšiʔaƛ 
ʔuʔuʔiiħšiƛ 
hunt for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began to hunt for 
tukuuk 
tukuuk 
sea lion 
sea lions 
. 

They began to hunt sealions.

1.43
ʔayaʔatħšiʔaƛ 
ʔayaʔatħšiƛ 
many living at 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were many living at 
maʔas 
maʔas 
tribe 
tribe 
ħaciiỷiʔaƛ 
ħaciiỷiƛ 
go the length of village 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went the length of village 
c̉išaa 
c̉išaˑ 
Benson Island 
Benson Island 
. 

The tribe became numerous, reaching to the other end of the village on Benson Island.

1.44
ʔuʔuʔiiħšiʔaƛ 
ʔuʔuʔiiħšiƛ 
hunt for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began to hunt for 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaƛ 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaƛ 
sea otter 
sea-otter 
. 

They began to hunt sea otter.
pg. 39 begins here

1.45
ʔuk̉ʷičuʔaƛ 
ʔuk̉ʷičawiƛ 
wear clothing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they wore as clothing 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
m̉uč̉ičuʔaƛ 
m̉uč̉ičawiƛ 
get dressed 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
dressing in 
k̉ʷaƛaqʔi 
k̉ʷaƛaq 
sea-otter skin 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
sea-otter skins 
. 

They clothed themselves in sea otter skins.

1.46
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
they were called 
čaani 
čaani 
at first 
at first 
č̉ičuuʔatħ 
č̉ičuuʔatħ 
Knife-wound tribe 
Knife-wound tribe 
maʔasʔi 
maʔas 
tribe 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the tribe 
ʔuỷuuqħʔaƛ 
ʔuỷuuqħ 
referring to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
referring to 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
n̉aacsaqa 
n̉aacsa 
see 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
she saw 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
č̉ičiƛqa 
č̉ičiƛ 
cut 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he cut 
hinaacsatʔi 
hinaacsi 
front of thigh 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the front of his thigh 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
ʔiič̉im 
ʔiič̉im 
old 
old (one) 
. 

The tribe was for a while called the Knife-wound tribe, derived from the fact that the girl saw the old chief cut the front of his thigh.

1.47
ʔuỷiħtaqšiʔaƛ 
ʔuỷiħtaqšiƛ 
come from 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
coming from 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa tribe 
ʔuʔukʷiɬšiʔaƛ̉at 
ʔuʔukʷiɬšiƛ 
call out names 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
now they began to be called 
. 

Originating from that, they came to be called the Tsishaa tribe.
Mispronunciation of č̉ičuuʔatħ.

1.48
ʔiiħsaatħšiʔaƛ 
ʔiiħsaatħšiƛ 
become a big tribe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
become a big tribe 
maʔasʔi 
maʔas 
tribe 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the tribe 
. 

It became a big tribe.

1.49
ʔaya 
ʔaya 
many 
there were many 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaƛʔi 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaƛ 
sea otter 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
sea-otters 
ʔaʔaanačswisʔitq 
DUP- 
DIST 
ʔana 
thus much 
-swiˑs 
at or through a pass 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all over the passes 
. 

There were many sea otters all over the passes.

1.50
kiikkiikʕinʔaƛquuweʔin 
kiikkiikʕin 
make the sound of whistling 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
there was the sound of kiikkiik 
kiiƛkiiƛa 
kiiƛkiiƛa 
breaking up 
breaking up 
ƛ̉uč̉im 
ƛ̉uuč̉im 
California mussel 
California Mussels 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaƛʔi 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaƛ 
sea otter 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
sea-otters 
. 

There was a constant noise of "kiikkiik" as the sea otters broke up mussels.

1.51
suč̉aqimỷaħsʔaƛquuweʔin 
suč̉a 
five 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ˀaħs 
in vessel 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they would have five in their canoes 
n̉upuqumỷaħs 
n̉upu 
six 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ˀaħs 
in vessel 
six in their canoes 
ʔatħiiʔaƛquu 
ʔatħii 
night 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
at night 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʔuʔuʔiiħ 
ʔuʔuʔiiħ 
hunt 
hunting for 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaƛʔi 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaƛ 
sea otter 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
sea-otters 
. 

They would have five or six in a night when they went hunting for sea-otters.

1.52
ʔuyiiʔat 
ʔuyii 
give 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was given 
n̉aasiiʕatu 
n̉aasiyaʕatu 
Day-Down 
Day-Down 
ʔam̉asiik̉atʔitq 
ʔam̉a 
soon 
-siikʷ 
make 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when first created 
č̉it̉uuɬ 
č̉it̉uuɬ 
war club 
war club 
ħisciiɬ 
ħisciiɬ 
blood on the edge 
blood on the edge 
ʔaħkuu 
ʔaħkuu 
thus 
thus 
. 

When Day-Dawn was first created, he was given a war club with blood along this edge.

1.53
ʔuuʔukʷisʔaaqƛeʔic 
ʔuuʔukʷis1 
attached on the beach 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you will keep it on the beach 
wiktaqšiƛ 
wiktaq 
never 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
they will never do 
wiksaƛ 
wiksaƛ 
become extinct 
become extinct 
maʔas 
maʔas 
tribe 
tribe 
ʔeeʔincaqsakʔaaqƛuusi 
ʔeeʔincaqsak 
through all generations 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(w)uusi 
3.Rel.Dub 
which will be the future generations 
waaʔat 
waa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it was said to 
n̉aasiiʕatu 
n̉aasiyaʕatu 
Day-Down 
Day-Down 
. 

Day-Down was told, "You will keep it on the beach and your tribe will never die out in future generations".

1.54
tapʔaqswiɬ 
tapʔaqswiɬ 
Austin Island 
Austin Island 
hiʔiisʔaƛqač̉a 
hiʔiis1 
on the ground 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑč̉a 
3.DUB 
it might be now at 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
č̉it̉uuɬitč̉a 
č̉it̉uuɬ 
war club 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the former war club 
. 

I think that old war club is now at Austin Island.

1.55
ƛaħʔaƛma 
ƛaħʷ 
recently 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
recently it was 
pawaɬšiƛ 
pawaɬšiƛ 
lose 
got lost 
ʔukʷink̉aƛ 
ʔuukʷinkʷ 
be together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
together with 
muuc̉iq 
muu 
four 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
four 
hiinaan̉uħsim 
hiinaan̉uħsim 
whaling harpoon 
whaling spears 
. 

It was recently lost along with four whaling spears.
pg. 40 begins above

1.56
yaqʷaanuuʔaƛii 
yaqʷaanaw̉iƛ 
it is for that reason 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
it is for that reason 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
tiičsimč 
tiičsimč 
train for long life 
pray for long life 
ʔuwiiʔaƛ 
ʔuwii 
be first 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
at first 
ʔuušsimčw̉it̉asʔaƛquu 
ʔuuš 
some 
-simč 
train ritually for [L] 
-w̉it̉as1 
about to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they are about to train ritually for anything 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

That is the reason why people first pray for long life when they are about to do ritual for any purpose.

1.57
ʔuʔukʷink̉aƛ 
ʔuʔukʷinkʷ1 
pray to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they pray to 
n̉aasʔii ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ n̉aas 
Day Chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Day Chief 
. 

They pray to the Day Chief.

1.58
tiič̉ap̉isim 
tiˑča 
alive 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀiˑsim 
2s>1s.FUT.IMPER 
let me live 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
. 

"Cause me to live, O Chief.

1.59
ʔuʔaaɬuk̉ʷis 
ʔuuʔaaɬuk 
take care of 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
take care of me 
ħaqiinup̉isim 
ħaqiinawup 
reach the peak 
-ˀiˑsim 
2s>1s.FUT.IMPER 
reach old age 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
. 

Look after me, let me reach the peak of life for a person.

1.60
n̉aačiiɬeʔis 
n̉aačiiɬa 
watch over s.o. 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
watch over me! 
tiičsimħap 
tiˑča 
alive 
-simħi 
in order that 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
so that I may live 
. 

Watch over me so I may live.

1.61
sayaqsčik̉atikqas 
sayaˑ 
far off 
-ˀaħs 
in vessel 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
may it travel far from me 
ʔask̉aχmis 
ʔask̉aχmis 
sickness 
sickness 
. 

May sickness travel far from me.

1.62
ƛupkaaʕiʔatikqas 
ƛupkaaʕiƛ 
find s.o. awake 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
find s.o. awake 
hitakʷisaƛquu 
hitakʷisa 
start up from 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it starts up from the beach 
ʔask̉aχmis 
ʔask̉aχmis 
sickness 
sickness 
. 

May sickness find me awake if it should come up from the beach.

1.63
qʷaaƛqaas 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may I be as if 
yaxħtaak̉apquus 
yaxħtaak̉ap 
sweep away 
-quus 
1s.CND 
sweep away 
ʔask̉aχmis 
ʔask̉aχmis 
sickness 
sickness 
hisiik̉ʷasqas 
hisiikʷ 
go along 
-ˀas3 
on ground 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
when I am going along the ground 
yaacuk 
yaacuk 
go 
going 
. 

May I be as though sweeping sickness away when I am walking along the ground.

1.64
ƛupksaap̉atikqas 
ƛupksaap 
wake s.o. up 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
may it wake up 
yaqtaqyuqas 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(š,k)taqyu 
... power 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
that which is my power 
hitakʷisaƛquuk 
hitakʷisa 
start up from 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
when they start up 
mayaaɬi 
mayaaɬi 
disease worm 
disease worms 
. 

May my source of power awaken me if disease worms rise up.

1.65
wikiiʔitapiƛqas 
wik 
not 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
-ˀitap 
on the ground 
-iƛqas 
1s.OPT 
may I cause it not to come in the house 
ʔask̉aχmis 
ʔask̉aχmis 
sickness 
sickness 
. 

May I keep sickness out of my house.

1.66
hitap̉iʕasʔatukʷiƛqas 
hitap̉iq 
pass by 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
-iƛqas 
1s.OPT 
may it pass by mine 
maħt̉iiʔakqas 
maħt̉ii 
house 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my house 
ʔask̉aχmis 
ʔask̉aχmis 
sickness 
sickness 
. 

May sickness pass by my house."

1.67
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ̉at 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-ˀat 
PASS 
and then one does 
čuuʔataƛ̉at 
čuuʔatu 
dive down 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
one dips into the water 
čaani 
čaani 
for a while 
for a while 
. 

Then one dips into the water for a while.

1.68
ʔanayiʔis 
ʔana 
only 
-ayiˑ 
give 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
give me only 
ħaħaw̉iɬi 
ħaħaw̉iɬi 
prosperity 
wealth 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
one says now 
. 

One says, "Give me only wealth, O Chief".

1.69
kʷiswaaʔaƛ̉at 
kʷiswaa 
say another way 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
one says it another way 
ʔanaqħʔatukʷiƛqas 
ʔana 
only 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
-iƛqas 
1s.OPT 
may it only do so 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
hineeʔiʔat 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
-ˀat 
PASS 
enter 
maħt̉iiʔakqas 
maħt̉ii 
house 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my house 
. 

One says it differently, "May only wealth keep travelling toward my house (and stopping there).

1.70
ʔayaqħʔatukʷiƛqas 
ʔaya 
many 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
-iƛqas 
1s.OPT 
may many do so to mine 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
hiist̉iiħʔat 
hiist̉iiħ 
go to 
-ˀat 
PASS 
going towards 
maħt̉iiʔakqas 
maħt̉ii 
house 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my house 
. 

May many cause wealth to come to my house.

1.71
ʔuucuʔuk̉ʷatukʷiƛqas 
ʔuucuʔuk 
go toward 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
IMPF 
-iƛqas 
1s.OPT 
may it be going to mine 
maħt̉iiʔakqas 
maħt̉ii 
house 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my house 
winapuʔat 
wiinapawiƛ 
stop 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it stops 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
. 

May wealth be going to my house and then stop.
pg. 41 begins here

1.72
maɬsaapčipikqas 
maɬsaap 
move s.t. 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
may I cause his to stir 
ħaw̉iɬsuqstim 
ħaw̉iɬsuqstim 
mind of a chief 
mind of a chief 
ħaw̉iiħuk 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
-uk 
POSS 
chiefs of 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
. 

May I cause the minds of the chiefs of the tribes to stir.

1.73
n̉aħiimaʕiiqstuʔatikqas 
n̉aħiimaʕiiqstawiƛ 
want to give to 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
may they want to potlatch to me 
yaqnaakʔitqak 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
that which they have 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
. 

May they want to potlatcher their wealth to me.

1.74
maɬaaʔak̉apikqas 
maɬaa 
be moving 
-akʷ 
IMPF 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
may I cause theirs to be moving 
ħaw̉iɬsuqstim 
ħaw̉iɬsuqstim 
mind of a chief 
mind of a chief 
ħaw̉iiħuk 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
-uk 
POSS 
chiefs 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
. 

May I cause the minds of the chiefs of the tribes to move.

1.75
p̉ačiƛmaʕiiqstuʔatikqas 
p̉ačiƛmaʕiiqstawiƛ 
want to potlatch 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
may they want to potlatch to me 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
n̉ačawiʔat̉iikquus 
n̉ačawiƛ 
look into the face of 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quus 
1s.CND 
when they look into my face 
. 

May they want to potlatch their wealth to me when they look into my face.

1.76
ʔuuʔaɬsimħatikqas 
ʔuuʔaɬsimħi 
desire 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may mine desire 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
ʔayaqħʔat 
ʔaya 
many 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀat 
PASS 
increase 
. 

May my wealth want to increase.

1.77
qʷaaƛqaas 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may it be as if 
t̉aaqkʷispiƛukquus 
t̉aaqkʷispiƛ1 
rise from the floor 
-uk 
IMPF 
-quus 
1s.CND 
as though mine is rising from the floor 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
maħt̉iiʔakqas 
maħt̉ii 
house 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my house 
. 

May it be as though wealth were rising up from the floor of my house.

1.78
ỷimħaaʔapiƛqas 
ỷimħaaʔap 
shame s.o. 
-iƛqas 
1s.OPT 
may I shame them 
yaqčiqħqas 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-či1 
travel along 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
the ones who I am along with 
ħaw̉iiħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chiefs 
. 

May I shame my fellow chiefs.

1.79
siipuƛukʷikqas 
siỷa 
I 
-apawiƛ1 
too ... [L] 
-uk 
IMPF 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
may mine become foremost 
ħaħaw̉iɬakqas 
DUP- 
REP 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my way of being a chief 
. 

May my chiefhood come to be foremost.

1.80
ʕimtinƛqas 
ʕimtinawiƛ 
be called 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may I be named 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

May I be named by all people.

1.81
qʷaaƛqaas 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may it be as if 
c̉awaaʔatħquus 
c̉awaaʔatħ 
live alone 
-quus 
1s.CND 
that I am living alone 
. 

May I be as if I am the only living one.

1.82
c̉awaaʔaɬʔatikqas 
c̉awaˑ 
one 
-ʔaɬ2 
aware of 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
may they hear of only one, being me 
ʕimtaaʔat 
ʕimtaa 
be naming 
-ˀat 
PASS 
named 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
. 

May the tribes hear of only me being named.

1.83
kamatuk̉ʷap̉atikqas 
kamat 
know 
-uk 
IMPF 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
may they come to know of mine 
ʕimtiiʔakqas 
ʕimtii 
name 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my name 
. 

May they come to know my name.

1.84
ħaħeeʔiħtisħʔatukʷiƛqas 
ħaħeeʔiħtis 
go from one end of beach to other 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
-iƛqas 
1s.OPT 
may they do so to mine even to the end of the beaches 
ʕimtaaʔat 
ʕimtaa 
be naming 
-ˀat 
PASS 
naming mine 
ʕimtii 
ʕimtii 
name 
name 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
. 

May the tribes mention my name to the ends of the coast.

1.85
cumaamaqšiƛukʷikqas 
cumaa 
be full 
-maqšiƛ 
constantly 
-uk 
IMPF 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
may mine be constantly full 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
ʔatquus 
ʔat 
even if 
-quus 
1s.CND 
even though I 
hiitakʷaʔap 
hiitakʷaʔap1 
spend 
spending it 
. 

May my place always be full of wealth even though I am spending it."

1.86
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷaanuuƛitaʔaaɬa 
qʷaanuuƛ 
for that reason 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
it was always why 
hinataʔas 
hinataʔas 
go to call out invitations 
went to call out names 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
. 

That was why they were always inviting the tribes.

1.87
ỷuuqʷaaqa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he also does 
wawaa 
wawaa 
say 
saying 
kʷiisaħiʔi 
kʷiisaħi 
sea-mammal hunter 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the hunter 
. 

The hunter also speaks.

1.88
qaaciiʔis 
qaaciˑ 
give present 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
give me 
haʔumʔakʔitqak 
haʔum 
food 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
your food 
ħaw̉eeɬ n̉aas 
ħaw̉iɬ n̉aas 
Day Chief 
-ee 
VOC 
Oh, Day Chief 
ʕaħmisukʔitqak 
ʕaħmis 
sea mammal 
-uk 
IMPF 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
your sea mammals 
. 

"Give me your food, Day Chief, your sea animals."
pg. 42 begins above

1.89
qʷayačišt 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ačišt 
on the sea 
he stays thus on the water 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
kʷiisaħiʔi 
kʷiisaħi 
sea-mammal hunter 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the hunter 
qʷayačištukʔitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ačišt 
on the sea 
-uk 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
staying thus on the water as his 
qʷiisimčʔitq 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-simč 
train ritually for [L] 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one which he was training for 
. 

The hunter stays on the water in the same position as the thing he is praying for.

1.90
ʔayayiʔis 
ʔaya 
many 
-ayiˑ 
give 
-ʔis 
DIM 
give me many 
qaacii 
qaaciˑ 
give present 
giving presents 
yaaqsimčqas 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-simč 
train ritually for [L] 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
that which I am training for 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
. 

"Give me many of what I am training for, O Chief.

1.91
maquuɬʔapikqas 
maquuɬ 
blind 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may they be blind to me 
ƛiħatasʔiiʔiikquus 
ƛiħ 
move pointwise 
-as1 
reach 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quus 
1s.CND 
when I paddle up to them 
ʕaħmisʔis 
ʕaħmis 
sea mammal 
-ʔis 
DIM 
the little sea mammals 
. 

May the little sea mammals be blind to me when I paddle up to them."

1.92
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔuum̉inƛ 
ʔuum̉aanawiƛ 
go so far 
they go that far 
kuuħw̉isaqsimčʔi 
kuuħw̉isaqsimč 
train for hairseal 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one training for hairseal 
. 

The one doing ritual for hairseal goes that far.

1.93
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then does 
k̉ʷaaƛsimčʔi 
k̉ʷaaƛsimč 
do ritual training for hunting sea otter 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one doing ritual training for sea otter 
wawaaʔaƛƛaa 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
also 
he also speaks 
. 

The one doing ritual for sea otter also speaks.

1.94
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also he does 
n̉iƛačišt̉aƛƛaa 
n̉iƛačišt 
lie supine on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
also 
also he lies supine on the water 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ʔuut̉iʔiɬaƛ 
ʔuut̉iʔiɬa 
imitate 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
imitating 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaƛ 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaƛ 
sea otter 
sea-otter 
. 

He also lies belly up on the water imitating the sea otter.

1.95
yaqʷinƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-aˑnaw̉iƛ 
because of ... 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
for that reason 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
they also do 
qʷaaʔaƛuk 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
they do thus 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
hinaačiʔaƛquu 
hinaačiƛ 
set off on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when he goes out on the water 
ʔuʕiʔaƛ 
ʔuʕiƛ2 
find out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he finds them 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
n̉iƛačišt̉aƛqa 
n̉iƛačišt 
lie supine on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they are lying supine on the water 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaƛʔi 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaƛ 
sea otter 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
sea-otters 
. 

Therefore, when he goes out to sea, he finds the sea-otters doing the same way, lying belly up on the water.

1.96
qʷaaƛaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
=ƛaa 
also 
it is also thus 
tuuksimč̉aƛquu 
tuuksimč 
do ritual training for hunting sea lions 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
doing ritual training for hunting sea lions 
qʷeeʔiitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
one does like 
tukuuk 
tukuuk 
sea lion 
sea lion 
hiinisuuʔuk 
hiinisuuʔuk 
go along sea-mammal fashion 
going along sea-mammal fashion 
k̉icink 
k̉icinkʷ 
keep eyes closed 
keeping the eyes closed 
. 

Also in doing ritual for sea lion one moves along like the sea lion, with closed eyes.

1.97
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
k̉icink 
k̉icinkʷ 
keep eyes closed 
he keeps his eyes closed 
. 

He keeps his eyes closed.

1.98
qʷisuk̉ʷap̉is 
qʷis 
do thus 
-uk 
IMPF 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
make mine so! 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
yaaqsimčquus 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-simč 
train ritually for [L] 
-quus 
1s.CND 
that for which I am ritually training 
wawaaʔaƛƛaa 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
also 
he also says 
. 

"Make mine so, O Chief, that for which I am doing ritual," he says.

1.99
qaaciiʔis 
qaaciˑ 
give present 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
give me 
haʔumʔakʔitqak 
haʔum 
food 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
your food 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
qʷiʔiisʔaaħiis 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ˀiˑs1 
eat 
-ˀaaħ 
IRR 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
that I may be eating it 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eating 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
. 

"Give me your food, O Chief, that I may be eating it."

1.100
ɬaksuuqstuʔis 
ɬaksuuqstawiƛ 
take pity on 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
take pity on me! 
n̉ačʕaʔatuʔis 
n̉ačʕaaʔatu 
look down on 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
look down on me 
. 

"Take pity on me, look down upon me."

1.101
neʔiičiʔis 
neʔiičiƛ 
hear 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
hear me 
ʔaħkuu 
ʔaħkuu 
thus 
thus 
wawaaqas 
wawaa 
say 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
what I say 
. 

"Hear what I am saying."

1.102
qʷayačištƛaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ačišt 
on the sea 
=ƛaa 
also 
one also does thus on the water 
k̉iiɬatqsimč̉aƛquu 
k̉iiɬatqsimč 
do ritual training for success in fur seal hunting 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when training for fur seal 
qʷayačištʔitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ačišt 
on the sea 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one doing thus on the sea 
k̉iɬanuus 
k̉iɬanuus 
Northern fur seal 
Northern Fur Seal 
weʔič 
weʔič 
sleep 
sleeping 
ƛ̉ink̉akƛičišt 
ƛ̉ink̉akƛičišt 
curl up on the water 
curl up on the water 
ʔuut̉iʔiɬa 
ʔuut̉iʔiɬa 
imitate 
imitating 
. 

When one does ritual for fur seal, one imitates the fur seals curling up asleep on the water.
pg. 43 begins above

1.103
takʷaa 
takʷa 
exclusively that 
exclusively that 
ʔuʔaɬuk 
ʔuʔaɬ1 
attach 
-uk 
IMPF 
theirs is connected with 
qaacš 
qaacš 
ask for gift 
ask for gift 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
refer to 
hiiɬapi 
hiiɬapi1 
be up in the air 
the one above 
. 

All the rituals include asking for a gift from the one above.

1.104
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
ʔuum̉aaʔak 
ʔuum̉aa 
thus far 
-ˀak 
POSS 
they go that far 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
. 

They go that far.

1.105
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
likewise he does 
ʔuuštaqyuʔi 
ʔuuštaqyu 
shaman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the shaman 
. 

Likewise the shaman does so.

1.106
wikmaa 
wik 
not 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it does not 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ʔukʷiic 
ʔukʷiic 
belong to 
belong to 
ʔuuštaqyim 
ʔuuštaqyim 
doctoring power 
doctoring power 
ʔunaak 
ʔunaakʷ 
have 
have 
. 

Doctoring power does not belong to the people from themselves.

1.107
ʔuyuʔaɬitweʔin 
ʔuyuʔaɬ 
see 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he saw 
yaqckʷiiqas 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ckʷiˑ 
former 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my ancestor 
ʕuux 
ʕuux 
cabezon 
cabezon 
. 

My ancestor saw a cabezon.

1.108
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
it was like 
qʷeeʔiitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what is a 
ʕuux 
ʕuux 
cabezon 
cabezon 
hisimɬan̉uʔa 
hisimɬan̉uʔa 
move along in water 
it was moving along in the water 
c̉aʔakʔis 
c̉aʔakʷ 
creek 
-ʔis 
DIM 
a little creek 
ʔanaħʔis 
ʔanaħʷ 
small 
-ʔis 
DIM 
a little 
. 

The cabezon was like a (codfish) and was moving about in a little creek.

1.109
ʔuuħtaasa 
ʔuuħtaasa 
straight away 
straight away 
sukʷiƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
he grabbed it 
ʔuuʔiiqstasʔap 
ʔuuʔiiqstisʔap 
put s.t. in on the beach 
putting it. in 
mucmuħaqukʔi 
mucmuħaq 
bearskin 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his bearskin robe 
. 

He took it at once and put it in his bearskin robe.

1.110
ʔuupaaɬmaɬc̉ita 
ʔuupaaɬmaɬc̉ita 
go about in water 
it was going about in the water 
ƛ̉isapiiħ 
ƛ̉isapiiħ 
white perch 
white perch 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
qʷeeʔiitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
one which is like 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
kʷiitč̉ak 
kʷiitč̉ak 
red perch 
red perch 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
qʷeeʔiitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
one which is like 
. 

A fish like a white perch had been in the stream, and one like a red perch.

1.111
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he did not 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
refer to 
sukʷiƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
take 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
that 
those 
ʔaƛsaaħtakʔi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-saˑħtakʷ 
... kind(s) 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
two kinds 
ʔaaniiƛsaƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-ˀiƛ 
take [L] 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he only took 
sukʷiƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
taking 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
that 
those 
ʕuuxʔii 
ʕuux 
cabezon 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the cabezon 
. 

He had not taken those two but only the cabezon.

1.112
sukʷiʔaƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he took 
mucmuħaqukʔi 
mucmuħaq 
bearskin 
-uk 
IMPF 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his bearskin 
hawiiʔaƛʔitq 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who had finished 
hat̉iis 
hat̉iis 
bathe 
bathing 
. 

When he had finished bathing, he took his bearskin.

1.113
hiɬweeʔin 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
there it was 
wiik̉aaqstas 
wik 
not 
-ˀaˑqsta 
among [L] 
-ˀas4 
about to 
it was not in it on the ground 
mucmuħaqʔi 
mucmuħaq 
bearskin 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the bearskin 
ʕuuxʷitʔi 
ʕuux 
cabezon 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the former cabezon 
ʔaanaaqstas 
ʔana 
only 
-ˀaˑqsta 
among [L] 
-ˀas3 
on ground 
there was only on the ground 
p̉acmis 
p̉acmis 
sea foam 
foam 
. 

The cabezon was not inside the bearskin lying on the ground, but only some foam was there on the ground.

1.114
yaxšiʔaƛ 
yaxšiƛ 
brush 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he brushed it off 
. 

He brushed it off.

1.115
hisχiiƛčkaʕaš 
hisχiiƛ 
amount to 
-čkaˑʕaš 
2s.INF 
I guess you won't amount to 
ʔuušstup 
ʔuušstup 
something 
anything 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
yaxšiƛ 
yaxšiƛ 
brush 
brushing off 
mucmuħaqukʔi 
mucmuħaq 
bearskin 
-uk 
IMPF 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his bearskin 
. 

"I guess you won't amount to anything", he said as he brushed his bearskin off.

1.116
ʔuuħtaasa 
ʔuuħtaasa 
straight away 
straight away 
n̉aacsiičiƛ 
n̉aacsiičiƛ 
start to see 
he started to see 
ʔuukʷiiqstinƛ 
ʔuukʷiiqstinawiƛ 
be among 
he was amongst 
ʔuuʔuuštaqyu 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔuuštaqyu 
shaman 
shamans 
. 

At once he saw that he was among the shamans.
pg. 44 begins here

1.117
weʔičuʔaƛʔitq 
weeʔičuƛ 
fall asleep 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when he fell asleep 
ʔatħšiʔaƛʔitq 
ʔaatħšiƛ 
become night 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when it became night 
ʔuukʷiiqstinƛ 
ʔuukʷiiqstinawiƛ 
be among 
he was among 
ƛačitỷak 
ƛačitỷakʷ 
doctoring song 
doctoring songs 
. 

When he fell asleep at night he came to be surrounded by doctoring songs.

1.118
ʔayiičiƛuk 
ʔaayiičiƛ 
increase 
-uk 
IMPF 
his were many 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
songs 
ƛačitỷak 
ƛačitỷakʷ 
doctoring song 
doctoring songs 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuukʷiiqstinƛqa 
ʔuukʷiiqstinawiƛ 
be among 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that he was amongst 
. 

His songs became many around him.

1.119
qʷis 
qʷis 
do thus 
it was thus 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔuuštaqyuučiƛ 
ʔuuštaqyuučiƛ 
become a shaman 
he became a shaman 
kuw̉iɬa 
kuw̉iɬa 
manage to 
he managed to do 
. 

Thus he became a shaman as he had long been trying to.

1.120
ʔuħʔaƛ̉at 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it was by 
hiniiʔat 
hinii 
give 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was given 
qaaciiʔat 
qaaciˑ 
give present 
-ˀat 
PASS 
given a present 
ħaw̉iɬʔi hinaayiɬ 
hinaayiɬ ħaw̉iɬ 
Sky Chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Sky Chief 
hinuʔaɬʔap̉at 
hinuʔaɬʔap 
make s.o. see 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was made to see 
ʕuuxʔii 
ʕuux 
cabezon 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the cabezon 
. 

He was given a present by the Sky Chief, who caused him to see the cabezon.

1.121
yaaqsaaħaƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-saˑħi 
because of 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
because of that he did 
ʔuuštaqyuučiʔaƛ 
ʔuuštaqyuučiƛ 
become a shaman 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
become a shaman 
. 

Because of that, he became a shaman.

1.122
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
since 
ciciqinkqa 
ciciqinkʷ 
pray 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he had been praying for it 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ʔuuštaqyuʔi 
ʔuuštaqyu 
shaman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the shaman 
ʔuʔuwa 
ʔuʔuwa 
speak 
speaking of it 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ħinštaqyuuỷap̉atikqa 
ħinštaqyuuỷap 
make into a shaman by quartz power 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that he would make him into a shaman using quartz power 
ʔuuštaqyu 
ʔuuštaqyu 
shaman 
shaman 
hinaayiɬʔi ħaw̉iɬ 
hinaayiɬ ħaw̉iɬ 
Sky Chief 
Sky Chief 
. 

He had been praying for it and speaking of it and the Sky Chief made him a great curing shaman using quartz power.

1.123
ʔuuʔumt̉iƛ 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔu 
REF 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ˀiƛ 
go for [L] 
he went for 
t̉aaqaak 
t̉aq3 
exactly 
-ˀak 
POSS 
surely 
ħamat̉ap 
ħamat̉ap 
be aware 
know 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
n̉ačinkšiƛqaʔaaɬa 
n̉ačinkšiƛ1 
dream about 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
he would always have a dream 
yaquusi 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(w)uusi 
3.Rel.Dub 
who he might be 
ħac̉atinƛ 
ħac̉atinƛ 
go to an extreme 
go to an extreme 
ʔuʔukʷink 
ʔuʔukʷinkʷ1 
pray to 
praying to 
n̉aasʔii ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ n̉aas 
Day Chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Day Chief 
našuk̉ʷaanitqa 
našuk 
strong 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
for they had strong 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
mind 
wills 
yaqwiiʔitq 
yaqwii 
first 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were first 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
. 

He knew surely that anyone who went right through with prayer to the Day Chief always had a dream, for the ancient Indians had strong wills.

1.124
muučiiɬn̉aqi 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-n̉aˑqi 
up on height 
he stayed on the mountain for four days 
hiɬn̉aaqi 
hiɬn̉aaqi 
be on top of a mountain 
staying on a mountain 
ʔeʔiiħʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the big ones 
nuučyuu 
nuučyuu 
mountains 
mountains 
. 

For four days he stayed up on the high mountains.

1.125
hiɬħʔaƛ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was there 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
n̉ačinkšiʔaƛ 
n̉ačinkšiƛ1 
dream about 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he dreamed about 
qʷac̉aqsimyiič 
qʷaa 
thus 
-c̉aqsim 
want 
-yiič 
3.INDF.REL 
that which he wants 
ħaw̉iɬʔi hinaayiɬ 
hinaayiɬ ħaw̉iɬ 
Sky Chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Sky Chief 
. 

There he saw in a dream what the Sky Chief wanted.

1.126
weeʔii 
waa 
say 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
say it! 
wawaaɬsimma 
DUP- 
REP 
waaɬ 
say 
-sim2 
lack 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he wants it to be said 
ħaw̉iɬʔi hinaayiɬ 
hinaayiɬ ħaw̉iɬ 
Sky Chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Sky Chief 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was told now 
puupuucšiʔaƛ 
puupuucšiƛ 
start dreaming 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
starting to dream 
. 

"Say it, the Sky Chief wants it said", he was told that and he started dreaming.

1.127
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔuʔuukt̉aƛukma 
ʔuʔuukt 
obtain 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
they received it 
ħamat 
ħamat 
known 
learned 
ħaaƛħuuqsač̉aƛuk 
ħaaƛħuuqsač 
generation after generation 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
doing generation after generation 
ħamat 
ħamat 
known 
known 
. 

This is how they get these things and learn them generation after generation.
pg. 45 begins here

1.128
ʔuušƛaa 
ʔuuš 
some 
=ƛaa 
again 
some do 
naỷiičiʔat 
naỷiičiƛ 
do at once 
-ˀat 
PASS 
do directly 
n̉ačuʔaɬ 
n̉ačuʔaɬ 
see 
saw him 
ħaw̉iỷum 
ħaw̉iỷum 
Wealth-on-Rocks 
Wealth-on-Rocks 
ʔukɬaaʔak 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀak 
POSS 
he was named 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
big 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
man 
ỷaqsʔii 
ỷaaqs 
long 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the long 
ciyapuxs 
ciyapuxs 
hat 
hats 
ʔukuxs 
ʔukuxs 
wear on head 
wear on head 
. 

Some saw directly a big man called Wealth-on-Rocks wearing a long hat on his head.

1.129
ʔucaas 
ʔucaas 
in the hand 
he holds in the hand 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
suusuuʔin 
suusuuʔin 
hold by the handle 
holding by the handle 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
p̉atqsacquu 
p̉atqsac 
suitcase 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that is a suitcase 
yaqʷiicsʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iics 
take ... along 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
taking it along 
. 

He holds by the handle a thing like a suitcase which he is carrying.

1.130
qʷaasaaħi 
qʷaa 
thus 
-saˑħi 
because of 
because of that 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ħaw̉iičiƛ 
ħaw̉iičiƛ 
become rich 
become rich 
ʔaanasaħi 
ʔaanasaħi 
only because of 
only because of 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
qʷayuʔaɬ 
qʷaa 
thus 
-(y)uʔaɬ 
perceive 
seeing this 
. 

One becomes wealthy from seeing it.

1.131
muučiiɬ 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
for four days 
n̉aas 
n̉aas 
day 
days 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
nights 
wik 
wik 
not 
he does not 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
wik 
wik 
not 
he does not 
weʔič 
weʔič 
sleep 
sleep 
hiɬn̉aaqi 
hiɬn̉aaqi 
be on top of a mountain 
staying on the mountain 
nuučyuuʔi 
nuučyuu 
mountains 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the mountains 
ciciqink 
ciciqinkʷ 
pray 
praying 
. 

For four days and nights he does not eat or sleep, staying on the mountain top praying.

1.132
ħaw̉iỷap̉is 
ħaw̉iỷap 
make wealthy 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
make me wealthy! 
wawaa 
wawaa 
say 
he says 
. 

"Make me wealthy!", he says.

1.133
qʷisħʔaƛ̉at 
qʷis 
do thus 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it is done to him thus 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
neʔiičiʔaƛ̉at 
neʔiičiƛ 
hear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he is heard 
n̉ačuʔaɬʔap̉aƛ̉at 
n̉ačuʔaɬʔap 
make s.o. see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he is made to see 
ʔaniisiɬa 
ʔaana 
really 
-siɬa 
do 
really doing 
. 

Because of that, he is heard and he is simply made to see it.

1.134
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷaaʔakin 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
the way we do so 
yaqqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-qin 
1p.REL 
that we 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ciciqinkỷak 
ciciqinkỷakʷ 
prayer 
prayer 
. 

That is the manner of prayer of we people.

1.135
ħamat 
ħamat 
known 
they have been known 
yayaqinkqin 
DUP- 
SUF 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-inkʷ1 
pray to 
-qin 
1p.REL 
to whom we pray to 
ħaaƛħuuqsač 
ħaaƛħuuqsač 
generation after generation 
generation after generation 
ʔuuyištaʕiƛ 
ʔuuyištaʕiƛ 
start from ... time 
from the time of... 
ʔam̉asiik̉atqin 
ʔam̉asiikʷ 
originate from 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-qin 
1p.REL 
since we were created 
wik̉iitʔitq 
wik̉iit 
non-existent 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when there were non-existent 
mamaɬn̉i 
mamaɬn̉i 
white man 
whitemen 
. 

The one we pray to has been known through the generations since we were created, when there were no white men.

1.136
ƛaħn̉iiʔaƛqa 
ƛaħn̉ii 
come recently 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
come recently 
mamaɬn̉i 
mamaɬn̉i 
white man 
whiteman 
. 

The whiteman has only come recently.

1.137
ʕimtnaak̉aƛuk 
ʕimtnaakʷ 
have a name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
he has a name 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
kɔɔt 
kɔɔt 
God 
God 
ʔukɬaaʔaƛuk 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
theirs was named 
čiisas 
čiisas 
Jesus 
Jesus 
ʔukɬaaʔaƛuk 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
theirs was named 
yayaqʷinkʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-inkʷ1 
pray to 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
to whom they pray 
ciciqink 
ciciqinkʷ 
pray 
praying 
. 

Their god, to whom they pray, has the name of Jesus.
pg. 46 begins below

1.138
ʔaaʔanačiɬsani 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔana 
only 
-iɬ1 
refer to 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we only refer to 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
n̉aas 
n̉aas 
day 
day 
n̉ees 
n̉aas 
daylight 
daylight 
hinaayeeɬ ħaw̉eeɬ 
hinaayiɬ ħaw̉iɬ 
Sky Chief 
-ee 
VOC 
O, Sky Chief 
waa 
waa 
say 
saying 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ciciqink̉aƛqun 
ciciqinkʷ 
pray 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
when we pray 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
hiinač̉aƛqun 
hiinač 
ask for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
when we ask to be given 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
hiyiqtup 
hihiqtup 
all sorts of things 
all sorts of things 
. 

We only speak of the Day and say, "O Day, you in the sky, O Sky Chief", when we pray for wealth and all sorts of things.

1.139
ħamat̉amitqa 
ħamat̉ap 
be aware 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they were aware of it 
yaqwiiʔitq 
yaqwii 
first 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were first 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

The first people were aware of it.

1.140
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
ɬiiʔuuħta 
ɬiiʔuuħta 
dislike 
he dislikes 
ħaw̉iɬʔi hinaayiɬ 
hinaayiɬ ħaw̉iɬ 
Sky Chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Sky Chief 
p̉išaqʔi 
p̉išaq 
very bad 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who are bad 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
those 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

They said the Sky Chief dislikes bad people.

1.141
ƛuɬʔat̉im 
ƛuɬ 
good 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
you must have a good one 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
heart 
heart 
ħaqiinuʔeeʔic 
ħaqiinawiƛ 
reach the peak 
-ˀeˑʔic(a) 
2s>3 
in order to reach the peak (of life) 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
wawaa 
wawaa 
say 
say 
ħaaħuupa 
ħaaħuupa 
advising 
advising them 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
t̉an̉anakʔi 
t̉an̉anakʷ 
have a child 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones having children 
. 

The ones having children would advise theirs teaching them that "You must be good-hearted in order to live long".

1.142
wik̉apweʔinʔaaɬa 
wik 
not 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
he does not let them 
ħaqinƛ 
ħaqiinawiƛ 
reach the peak 
reach the peak (of life) 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
p̉išaʕaƛquu 
p̉išaq 
very bad 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that are bad 
n̉aasʔi ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ n̉aas 
Day Chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Day Chief 
. 

They say the Day Chief does not let a bad person live out his years.

1.143
wiksuuk 
wik 
not 
-suˑk 
2s.ABS 
don't 
ƛ̉anaqšiƛ 
ƛ̉anaqšiƛ 
behave badly 
behave badly 
p̉išsiɬa 
p̉išaq 
very bad 
-siɬa 
do 
do s.t. bad 
yaqčiqħʔitqak 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-či1 
along with 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
to one's neighbours 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
. 

"You must not behave badly, doing a wrong thing to your neighbours.

1.144
wiksuuk 
wik 
not 
-suˑk 
2s.ABS 
don't 
ƛ̉anaqšiƛčip 
ƛ̉anaqšiƛ 
behave badly 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
behave badly to 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
that 
that 
ħakʷaƛnakʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
someone's daughter 
. 

You must not behave badly to anyone's daughter."

1.145
ʔaanasak 
ʔana 
only 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀak 
POSS 
they only 
ħamat 
ħamat 
known 
known 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
wiqinƛ 
wiqinawiƛ 
die young 
they did not reach the peak (of life) 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
wik 
wik 
not 
not 
ʔiičaqšiƛ 
ʔiičaqšiƛ 
get old 
get to be old 
p̉išaqʔi 
p̉išaq 
very bad 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who is bad 
. 

They only knew that a bad person did not live out his years to be an old man.

1.146
hayimħi 
hayimħi 
not know 
they did not know 
wawaaʔaƛʔitq 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which is said 
napniit 
napniit 
priest 
priest 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
hinaayipiƛ 
hinaayipiƛ 
go up to the sky 
going up to the sky 
ƛuɬmaptʔi 
ƛuɬmapt 
good nature 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the good-natured ones 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
qaħšiʔaƛquu 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they die 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
hiitaapuɬinƛ 
hiitaapuɬinƛ 
go below/under 
go below/under 
p̉išaqʔi 
p̉išaq 
very bad 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who is bad 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
qaħšiʔaƛquu 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they die 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

They did not know of what the priest or minister says, that the good-natured people go up to the sky when they die and that the bad people go below when they die.

1.147
ʔuħuk 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
theirs was 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ħamat 
ħamat 
known 
known 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
puunasʔiiʔaaɬa 
punasʔii 
run up to 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
they always rushed to 
ʔiiyaqħmiiƛ 
ʔiiyaqħmiiƛ 
get news 
get news 
. 

The Indians had knowledge that (those long dead) always rushed to get news (from one who had died recently).
pg. 47 begins below

1.148
wiikšaħakħasqɔɔ 
wiikšaħi 
be safe 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ħaˑs 
1s. INTERR 
=qʷa 
thus 
are mine safe? 
maqƛiʕasukqas 
maqƛiʕas 
remain at home 
-uk 
IMPF 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
mine remaining at home 
waaʔaaɬa 
waa 
say 
=ʔaaɬa 
=always 
they always say 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ƛaħʔii 
ƛaħʷ 
recently 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who recently 
qaħšiƛ 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
died 
ʔuukʷiɬʔaƛ̉at 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
referring to 
ʔiiyaqħmiiʔat 
ʔiiyaqħmiiƛ 
get news 
-ˀat 
PASS 
getting news from him 
ʔuħʔaƛ̉at 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it was by 
huuʔakckʷiʔi 
huuʔakʷ 
long ago 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
they who had done so long ago 
qaħšiƛ 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
died 
. 

"Are my people at home all right?" the ones who had died long ago would always say to get news from him who is recently dead.

1.149
maqƛiʕas 
maqƛiʕas 
remain at home 
remaining at home 
ʔukɬaaʔap̉atweʔinni 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔinni 
1p.QT 
they are said to call 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
tiɬtiičqin 
CVɬdup- 
PL 
tiˑča 
alive 
-qin 
1p.REL 
we who are living 
. 

It is said they call those of us who are alive, "people dwelling at home".

1.150
ʔayaakma 
ʔaya 
many 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
they have many 
huʔaħt̉as 
huʔaħt̉as 
come back to life 
coming back to life 
yaqwiimit 
yaqwiimit 
ancestor 
ancestors 
tiičačiƛ 
tiičačiƛ 
come to life 
come to life 
qaħakỷiħtaqšiƛ 
qaħakʷ 
dead 
-ỷiˑħa2 
die of ... 
-taqšiƛ1 
come from ... 
after having died 
. 

Many of the people of old returned to life after having died.

1.151
ʔuunuuƛma 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
for that reason they are 
waaʔak 
waa 
say 
-ˀak 
POSS 
theirs says 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔuyaqħmis 
ʔuyaqħmis 
news 
news 
. 

For that reason people had information about the dead.

1.152
ʔuħuk 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
they had theirs 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
suuħaa 
suuħaa 
silver spring salmon 
Silver spring salmon 
č̉iħaač̉a 
č̉iħaa 
ghost 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the ghosts 
ʔaayacaqa 
ʔaya 
many 
-caˑqa1 
obtain ... food [L] 
get much food 
. 

The ghosts get many spring salmon as food in season.

1.153
wiksamiičiʔat 
wiksamiičiƛ 
not need to 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they did not want to 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
there 
there 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
those 
wiksamiičiʔatʔi 
wiksamiičiƛ 
not need to 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who did not want to 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
there 
there 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
those 
tiičačiƛ 
tiičačiƛ 
come to life 
come to life 
ʔatquu 
ʔat 
even if 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even though 
qiickʷiiʔaƛ 
qii 
long time 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they had been so for long time 
qaħak 
qaħakʷ 
dead 
dead 
. 

They do not want to be there; those who do not want to be there come to life even after being dead for a long time.

1.154
ʔaƛčiiɬʔaƛ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she was for two days 
qaħak 
qaħakʷ 
dead 
dead 
huʔaħt̉as 
huʔaħt̉as 
come back to life 
coming back to life 
ʔuħitweʔin 
ʔuħ 
is 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
she was 
qaħšiƛ 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
be dead 
huʔaħt̉as 
huʔaħt̉as 
come back to life 
coming back to life 
yaqukʷitiis 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
who was my late 
naniiqsu 
naniiqsu 
grandparent 
grandmother 
yaʕiiʔaqs 
yaʕiiʔaqs 
Ya'ii-woman 
Yai-woman 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
she was called 
. 

They say my late grandmother, named Ya'ii-woman, was dead for two days and then came back to life.

1.155
waħʔiiƛ 
waħʔiiƛ 
fall on the ground 
she fell on the ground 
ʔukʷiqħ 
ʔukʷi 
at, on 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
at 
ʔišmaqw̉inʕas 
ʔišmaqw̉inʕas 
Gumtree-Middle 
Gumtree-Middle 
. 

She fell down at Gumtree-Middle.

1.156
ƛaħqħʔaƛ 
ƛaħʷ 
at present 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she did as soon as 
hineeʔiʔaƛʔitq 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when she entered the house 
hiỷatħʔitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ˀatħ1 
live at 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where she was living 
qaħšiʔaƛ 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she died 
. 

She died as soon as she came into her home.

1.157
n̉aacsiičiƛ 
n̉aacsiičiƛ 
start to see 
she saw 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
qiit̉aqƛsat̉ap̉atqa 
qiit̉aqƛsat̉a 
tie string around forehead 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they had tied a string around her forehead 
ʔanikitʔisʔi 
ʔanikʷit 
around the circumference 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the small around  
c̉istuup 
c̉istuˑp 
rope 
string 
tuušquwatweʔin 
tušq 
bunched 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
a bunch of them doing so to her 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
young men 
hiineʔitap̉at 
hineeʔitap 
bring into house 
-ˀat 
PASS 
bringing her into the house 
. 

She saw that a bunch of young men had a thin string tied around her forehead and were taking her indoors.

1.158
ʔuuc̉aƛ 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it belonged to 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
mind 
idea 
taayiiʔakʔi 
taayii 
eldest 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
her eldest  
t̉an̉a 
t̉an̉a 
child 
child 
. 

It was the idea of her eldest son.

1.159
ʔuuʔatup̉at 
ʔuuʔatup 
do for a purpose 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he did it for 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ħiqħʔatuk̉ʷaaħ 
ħi2 
unable to... 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
-ˀaaħ 
IRR 
there was no one to do 
ʔukʷiiɬʔat 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
-ˀat 
PASS 
to make 
titinkum 
titinkum 
hand-wiper 
hand-wipers 
. 

He took her because he had no one to make handwipers for him.
pg. 48 begins above

1.160
ƛuukʷaanaweʔinč̉aʕašqɔɔ 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
-weˑʔinč̉aʕašqʷa 
sure enough 
it turned out that he was giving a Wolf Ritual 
n̉uw̉iiqsakitqas 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqas 
1s.REL 
my father 
taayiiʔakitʔi 
taayii 
eldest 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
her former eldest  
t̉an̉a 
t̉an̉a 
child 
child 
yaʕiiʔaqs 
yaʕiiʔaqs 
Ya'ii-woman 
Yai-woman 
. 

It turned out that my late father, the eldest son of Ya'ii-woman, was giving a Wolf Ritual.

1.161
hiinapiɬʔaƛuk 
hiinapiɬ 
hang up in house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
hang up in house 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
n̉uw̉iiqsakitqas 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqas 
1s.REL 
my father 
. 

My father had his wealth hung up in view in the house.

1.162
ʔapħtiiɬʔap̉aƛ̉at 
ʔapħtiiɬ 
halfway in house 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
she was halfway in house 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
hani 
haani 
say! 
say! 
ʔačaqukħasuu 
ʔača 
who? 
-uk 
POSS 
-ħaˑsuu 
2p.INTERR 
who do you have? 
ʔaħn̉ii 
ʔaħn̉ii 
that 
that 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said now 
. 

When she was half-way into the house, someone said to them, "Say, whom have you fellows got there?"

1.163
ƛawiičiʔat 
ƛawiičiƛ 
approach 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he approached 
ʔuħʔaƛ̉at 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it was by 
qaɬaatikukʔi 
qaɬaatik 
junior 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the younger child of 
t̉an̉a 
t̉an̉a 
child 
child 
čačamaʔuƛit 
čačamaʔuƛ 
Chachama'utl 
-(m)it 
former 
the late Chachama'utl 
n̉uw̉iiqsakič 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ˀiˑč2 
2p>3.IMP 
the one of her father 
. 

Chachama'utl, the younger child of her father, approached her.

1.164
čiiʔatak̉ap̉at 
čiiʔatap 
pull off or away 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he pulled off 
yaaʕaqƛsat̉ap̉atʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀaqƛsat̉a 
on the forehead [L] 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which was around her forehead 
c̉istuup 
c̉istuˑp 
rope 
string 
ɬitkʔatak̉ap̉at 
ɬitkʔatu 
jerk off of 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
jerking it off 
hiniiswiiʔasʔat 
hiniiswiiʔas 
take along outside 
-ˀat 
PASS 
taking her outside 
kutiiswiiʔasʔat 
kutiicswiiʔas 
lead s.o. outside by the hand 
-ˀat 
PASS 
lead s.o. outside by the hand 
. 

He pulled off the string she had around her forehead, jerking it off, and took her outside leading her by the hand.

1.165
ʔaqisħak 
ʔaqis2 
why? 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
why did you? 
qʷisʔap 
qʷis 
do thus 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
do thus 
ʔaħn̉ii 
ʔaħn̉ii 
that 
that 
. 

"Why do you do that?"

1.166
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
ʔuuʔatup 
ʔuuʔatup 
do for a purpose 
for 
titinkum 
titinkum 
hand-wiper 
hand-wipers 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
ħiqħʔatuk̉ʷaaħ 
ħi2 
unable to... 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
-ˀaaħ 
IRR 
have no one to do 
ʔukʷiiɬʔat 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
-ˀat 
PASS 
to make them 
. 

The younger brother said, "I take her for handwipers, for I have no one to make it for me.

1.167
ʔuunuuʔaaħsišƛaa 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-ˀaaħ 
IRR 
-siˑš 
1s.INF 
=ƛaa 
again 
it is for that reason I do so 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ɬaaỷaakʷiqnakqa 
ɬaakʷiqnakʷ 
poor 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
for they are poor 
t̉aatn̉aakqin 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qin 
1p.REL 
our children 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔaanasaqħʔatqa 
ʔana 
only 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that it is only  
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this one 
ʔuʔaaɬuk̉ʷat 
ʔuuʔaaɬuk 
take care of 
-ˀat 
PASS 
taking care of them 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
qaɬaatikʔi 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the younger brother 
. 

It is because both of our children are poor, because only this person looks after them" said the younger brother.

1.168
ƛaħqħ 
ƛaħʷ 
at present 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
as soon as she did 
hiniiʔas 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
go outside 
neʔiičiʔaƛ 
neʔiičiƛ 
hear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she heard 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
hiɬqaa 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that there he was 
ƛaačituɬʔat 
ƛaačitawiɬ 
sing doctoring songs 
-ˀat 
PASS 
singing doctoring songs 
čakupukʔi 
čakup 
husband 
-uk 
IMPF 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
her husband 
. 

As soon as she got outside, she heard her husband singing doctoring songs.

1.169
hišcaqc̉uu 
hišcaqc̉uu 
both ends 
they were at both ends 
maʔatħ 
maʔatħ 
settle down 
settled down indoors 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
big 
č̉iħiic 
č̉iħiic 
belong to ghosts 
belonging to ghosts 
. 

There were people living at both sides in the big house of the ghosts.

1.170
hiɬuk 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-uk 
POSS 
hers was there 
hiiɬc̉aqiɬ 
hiiɬc̉aqiɬ 
rear of house 
rear of house 
hiinaap̉iiʔa 
hinaap̉iiʔa 
Rocky-Back 
Rocky-Back 
ʔucaqc̉uuʔak 
ʔucaqc̉uu 
end 
-ˀak 
POSS 
hers was at the end 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
t̉an̉a 
t̉an̉a 
child 
child 
. 

Her son was at the rear end of the house at Rocky-Back;
pg. 49 begins here

1.171
saaʔaħi 
saaʔaħi 
Saa'ahi 
Saa'ahi 
ʔucaħtak 
ʔucaħtakʷ 
direct towards 
facing  
kʷisaqc̉uuʔi 
kʷisaqc̉uu 
other end 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the other end 
t̉ašw̉in 
t̉ašw̉in 
door in the middle 
in the middle of the road 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
big 
. 

facing the other end of Saa'ahi, there was a door in the middle of the opposite end of the big house.

1.172
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
qʷisitweʔin 
qʷis 
do thus 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
this is how 
yaqukʷitiis 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
the one who was my late 
naniiqsu 
naniiqsu 
grandparent 
grandmother 
yaʕiiʔaqs 
yaʕiiʔaqs 
Ya'ii-woman 
Yai-woman 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
name 
huʔaħt̉as 
huʔaħt̉as 
come back to life 
she came back to life 
ʔuʔin 
ʔuʔin1 
just the same as though 
just the same as though 
ʔaħkuu 
ʔaħkuu 
thus 
thus 
. 

So it was how the one who was my late grandmother, called Ya'ii-woman, came back to life just this way.

1.173
ʔuun̉ak̉uħšiƛ 
ʔuun̉ak̉uħšiƛ 
watch 
she observed 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
qʷaasasa 
qʷaa 
thus 
-sasa 
just [L] 
just thus 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
qʷaaqin 
qʷaa 
thus 
-qin 
1p.REL 
as we are thus 
č̉iħaa 
č̉iħaa 
ghost 
ghosts 
. 

She had seen that the ghosts are exactly like us.

1.174
qʷaasasa 
qʷaa 
thus 
-sasa 
just [L] 
they are just thus 
qʷeeʔiitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what is a 
tiičquu 
tiˑča 
alive 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that is alive 
. 

They are just like being alive.

1.175
ciciqinkqa 
ciciqinkʷ 
pray 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they would pray for it 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ʔuštaqyumaʕiiqƛʔi 
ʔuštaqyumaʕiiqƛ 
want to be a shaman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the one who wanted to be a shaman 
ʔuʔukʷink 
ʔuʔukʷinkʷ1 
pray to 
praying to 
hinaayiɬʔi ħaw̉iɬ 
hinaayiɬ ħaw̉iɬ 
Sky Chief 
Sky Chief 
. 

Anyone who wanted to be a shaman also prays to the Sky Chief.

1.176
ʔuuštaqyumaʕiiqƛaħ 
ʔuštaqyumaʕiiqƛ 
want to be a shaman 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I want to be a shaman 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he says 
ʔuyiiʔis 
ʔuyii 
give 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
give me! 
qʷisħʔaaħiis 
qʷis 
do thus 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaaħ 
IRR 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
that which does thus 
ʔuuštaqyuučiƛ 
ʔuuštaqyuučiƛ 
become a shaman 
becoming a shaman 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
. 

"I want to be a shaman, oh Chief", he says, "give me that which may make me a shaman, oh Chief".

1.177
muučiiɬšiƛ 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
he does for four days 
wawaa 
wawaa 
say 
saying 
ciiqciiqa 
ciiqciiqa 
speaking 
talking 
. 

He speaks thus for four days.

1.178
qʷisħʔaƛ 
qʷis 
do thus 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he does thus 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔaani 
ʔaani 
really 
really 
ʔuyuʔaɬʔap̉aƛ̉at 
ʔuyuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he is allowed to see 
qʷisħʔaaqƛʔitq 
qʷis 
do thus 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what he should do 
ʔuuštaqyuučiƛ 
ʔuuštaqyuučiƛ 
become a shaman 
to become a doctor 
. 

He does that and sure enough he is allowed to see something that makes him a shaman.

1.179
naʔiičiʔaƛ̉at 
neʔiičiƛ 
hear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it is heard 
waweeʔitq 
wawaa 
say 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what he said 
ciciqink 
ciciqinkʷ 
pray 
praying 
. 

His praying was heard.

1.180
ʔuyuʔaɬʔaƛ 
ʔuyuʔaɬ 
notice 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he noticed 
tateʔin 
tateʔin 
moan 
moaning 
kicukʔi 
kicuk 
log 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the log 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
. 

He noticed a log moaning.

1.181
wiinap̉iʔaƛ 
wiinapi 
stop 
-ˀiˑƛ2 
on/in the ground 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he stopped on the ground 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
c̉itkc̉itkmasqa 
c̉itkc̉itkmas 
roll about on the ground 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that it was rolling about on the ground 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
there 
there 
p̉uun̉uʔasʔi 
p̉u 
moss 
-aˑn̉uɬ 
along ... [L] 
-ˀas3 
outside 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one with moss along it 
kicuk 
kicuk 
log 
log 
tateʔin 
tateʔin 
moan 
moaning 
. 

The man stopped because the log is rolling about, has moss along it and is moaning.

1.182
neʔiičiʔaƛ 
neʔiičiƛ 
hear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he heard 
č̉iiskmatqeʔi 
č̉iiskmatqa 
making sound of shaman's rattle 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the sound of shaman's rattle 
naʔaaʔat 
naʔaˑ 
hear 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it was heard 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
there 
there 
. 

He listens and the sound of a shaman's rattle could be heard there.

1.183
kaƛħšiƛ 
kaƛħšiƛ 
appear 
he appeared 
ʔanaχʔis 
ʔanaχʷ 
small 
-ʔis 
DIM 
a small  
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
man 
č̉iiskmatqeʔi 
č̉iiskmatqa 
making sound of shaman's rattle 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
making the sound of shaman's rattle 
. 

A small man appears using the rattle.

1.184
ƛaačitšiʔaƛ 
ƛaačitšiƛ 
doctor s.o. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he doctored 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
refer to 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
there 
there 
tateeʔinʔi 
tateʔin 
moan 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one that is moaning 
kicuk 
kicuk 
log 
log 
c̉itkc̉itkmas 
c̉itkc̉itkmas 
roll about on the ground 
roll about on the ground 
. 

He sings a doctoring song to the moaning log rolling about on the ground.
pg. 50 begins above

1.185
qʷaacħa 
qʷaa 
thus 
-cħa 
go in connection with [L] 
he goes thus 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
kamitqʷinsʔii 
kamitqʷinsʔii 
run up to 
running up to 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
ʕiħii 
ʕiħii 
Ihii 
Ihii 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
. 

The man runs up (to the small man) and says, "ihii".

1.186
hinaaħin 
hinaaħin 
deprive of 
he takes it away 
č̉iiskminʔakʔi 
č̉iiskmin 
scrape-rattle 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his rattle 
. 

He takes his rattle away from him (the small man).

1.187
qʷaštaqyuučiʔaƛ 
qʷaa 
thus 
-(š,k)taqyu 
... power 
-iičiƛ 
INC 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he gets power thus 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔuuštaqyuučiʔaƛ 
ʔuuštaqyuučiƛ 
become a shaman 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
becoming a shaman 
. 

He gets power from that, becoming a shaman.

1.188
ʔuum̉aaʔaƛuk 
ʔuum̉aa 
thus far 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
his then goes that far as to 
tiičaʔap 
tiičaʔap 
bring to life 
bring to life 
ʔaƛčiiɬʔaƛquu 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that they have for two days been 
qaħak 
qaħakʷ 
dead 
dead 
qačc̉ačiɬʔaƛquu 
qacc̉a 
three 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that they have for three days been 
qaħak 
qaħakʷ 
dead 
dead 
tiičaʔap 
tiičaʔap 
bring to life 
bringing them to life 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
qʷaawaƛckʷaƛquu 
qʷaa 
thus 
-(w)aƛ 
find [L] 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
after having found them like that 
. 

After he has experienced that, his power goes so far as to bring a person to life after finding them dead for two or three days.

1.189
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
wikɬaqšiʔaƛ 
wikɬaqšiƛ 
be unable to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was unable to 
muučiiɬckʷaƛquu 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it has been four days 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
qaħak 
qaħakʷ 
dead 
dead 
. 

He cannot do so after the person has been dead four days.

1.190
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
ƛaʔuuqħʔaƛƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again another one does 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
ciciqink 
ciciqinkʷ 
pray 
praying 
ʔuuštaqyuuỷap̉is 
ʔuuštaqyu 
shaman 
-iiỷap 
INC.CAUS 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
make me a shaman 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
. 

Then another one prays, "Make me a shaman, O Chief!

1.191
ɬaakʷiqnakaħʔaaɬa 
ɬaakʷiqnakʷ 
pitiful 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ʔaaɬa 
=always 
I am always pitiful 
ħisʔap̉aaħ 
ħis[...]'aaħ 
unable to do 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaaħ 
IRR 
unable to do anything 
teʔiɬʔaƛukquus 
teʔiɬ 
sick 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
-quus 
1s.CND 
when mine is sick 
t̉an̉a 
t̉an̉a 
child 
child 
. 

I am always pitifully unable to do anything when my child is sick.

1.192
neʔiičiʔis 
neʔiičiƛ 
hear 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
hear me 
. 

Hear me".

1.193
ʔiiqħiiʔaƛƛaa 
ʔiiqħii 
same 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they would do in the same way 
muučiiɬšiƛ 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
they did for four days 
qʷaqʷaa 
DUP- 
SUF 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
. 

He likewise does so for four days.

1.194
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
wiinappiʔaƛ 
wiinappiƛ 
remain in house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he remains in the house 
muučiiyiɬʔaƛƛaa 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again for four days in the house 
wiinapiɬ 
wiinapiɬ 
stay in the house 
staying in the house 
. 

Then he remains indoors for four days.

1.195
huuʔasčiiɬ 
huuʔasčiiɬ 
do so over and over again 
he does so over and over again 
qʷaqʷaa 
DUP- 
SUF 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
qiičiƛ 
qiičiƛ 
take a long time 
doing for a long time 
qiiqʔičħšiƛ 
qiiqʔičħšiƛ 
do for years 
doing so for years 
ʔuušp̉it 
ʔuušp̉it 
sometimes 
sometimes 
. 

He does this at intervals for a long time, sometimes for many years.

1.196
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he went off 
neʔiičiƛ 
neʔiičiƛ 
hear 
he heard it 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
ƛ̉iiyaʕat̉uquu 
ƛ̉iiyaʕat̉u 
shell rattle 
-quu1 
3.CND 
like a shell rattle 
naʔaaʔat 
naʔaˑ 
hear 
-ˀat 
PASS 
hearing 
. 

Then he goes walking and hears something like a shell rattle.

1.197
ƛawiičiƛ 
ƛawiičiƛ 
approach 
he approached 
histaatukʔitq 
histaatuk 
hear a sound from 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where the sound was coming from 
. 

He approached where the sound was coming from.

1.198
n̉aacsiičiƛ 
n̉aacsiičiƛ 
start to see 
he saw 
yaasik̉ʷas 
yaa1 
there 
-siikʷ 
make 
-ˀas5 
go to 
going along there 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
man 
ƛ̉iʔiqʷatak 
ƛ̉iʔiqʷata 
rattle with shell-rattle 
-ˀak 
POSS 
rattling a shell 
čimcaas 
čimcaas 
right hand 
right hand 
ƛ̉iiyaʕat̉u 
ƛ̉iiyaʕat̉u 
shell rattle 
shell rattle 
. 

He sees a man going along rattling a shell in his right hand.

1.199
ʔucaas 
ʔucaas 
in the hand 
he holds in his hand 
miɬsỷaak 
miɬsỷi 
spear 
-ˀak 
POSS 
his spear 
qacaasʔi 
qaccaas 
left hand 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
left hand 
. 

He holds a spear in his left hand.

1.200
weʔiiqqi 
weʔiiqqi 
tufts on the head 
he was wearing feathers on his head 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
. 

The man was wearing feathers as a headdress.

1.201
maacmaayuxʷinč̉a 
maacmaayuxʷin 
Supernatural Spearsman 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the so-called supernatural spearsman 
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
. 

It was the supernatural spearsman.
pg. 51 begins here

1.202
ʔuyuʔaɬʔaƛ 
ʔuyuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he saw that 
č̉ač̉aat̉aqƛsuɬ 
č̉ač̉aat̉aqƛsuɬ 
have markings around the eyes 
markings around eyes 
tumiis 
tumiˑs 
charcoal 
charcoal 
. 

He sees that he (the supernatural spearsman) had charcoal stripes across the eyes.

1.203
ƛaawasʔiiħšiʔaƛ 
ƛaawasʔiiħšiƛ 
follow closely behind 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he followed closely behind 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
ʔanačasʔis 
ʔanačas 
close behind 
-ʔis 
DIM 
close behind 
hiikʷaɬ 
hiikʷaɬ 
nearly 
nearly 
sukʷink 
sukʷinkʷ2 
grab 
grabbing him 
. 

The man follows close behind nearly catching him.

1.204
ʔuʔuma 
ʔuʔuma 
go to 
he went towards 
ƛukʷiitʔi 
ƛukʷiit 
large in girth 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
stout 
tuuħmapt 
tuuħmapt 
Sitka spruce 
Sitka spruce 
ƛ̉aqaʕas 
ƛ̉aqaʕas 
tree 
tree 
. 

He goes toward a stout spruce tree.

1.205
čukʷiƛ 
čukʷiƛ 
bend down 
he bends down 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
ƛ̉aqaʕasʔi 
ƛ̉aqaʕas 
tree 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the tree 
hitaqstuƛ 
hitaqstawiƛ 
get into 
going into 
maacmaayuxʷinʔi 
maacmaayuxʷin 
Supernatural Spearsman 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the supernatural spearsman 
ƛawas 
ƛawas 
follow 
he follows 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
hitaqstuƛ 
hitaqstawiƛ 
get into 
going into it 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ƛ̉aqaʕasʔi 
ƛ̉aqaʕas 
tree 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the tree 
. 

The supernatural spearsman lowers his head and goes into the tree, and the human being follows him also into the tree.

1.206
ʔanuʔaɬʔaƛ 
ʔanuʔaɬ 
become aware of 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he notices him 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
hiiɬapasqa 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-[L] 
L 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀas4 
about to 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
standing there on the ground 
hiɬʔii 
hiɬ 
LOC 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who was there 
naaw̉aħiičiʔaƛ̉at 
naaw̉aħiičiƛ 
wait for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
waiting for him 
. 

He sees him standing there on the ground waiting for him.

1.207
sukʷiƛčip̉aƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he takes it 
ƛ̉iiyaʕat̉u 
ƛ̉iiyaʕat̉u 
shell rattle 
shell rattle 
muuc̉iʕiƛčip 
muu 
four 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
-ˀiƛ 
take [L] 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
taking four (shells) 
sukʷiƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
taking 
. 

He takes his shell rattle and four of the shells.

1.208
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
there 
there 
qʷaštaqyuučiʔaƛƛaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
-(š,k)taqyu 
... power 
-iičiƛ 
INC 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
also 
he also gets power thus 
ʔuuštaqyuučiʔaƛƛaa 
ʔuuštaqyuučiƛ 
become a shaman 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
becoming a shaman 
. 

He gets shaman power from that, becoming a shaman.

1.209
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
tiičaaʔapšiiɬʔaƛ 
tiičaaʔapšiiɬ 
be bringing back to life 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he brings people back to life 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ʔatquu 
ʔat 
even if 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even though 
qaħak̉aƛ 
qaħakʷ 
dead 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were dead now 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

He too brings people back to life even though they are dead.

1.210
hinasʔaƛ 
hinas 
arrive 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it then reaches to 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
muučiiɬʔaƛʔi 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the one who has for four days 
qaħak 
qaħakʷ 
dead 
dead 
tiičaʔap 
tiičaʔap 
bring to life 
bringing them to life 
. 

He can even revive a person who has been dead for four days.

1.211
ħaw̉iičiʔaƛ 
ħaw̉iičiƛ 
become rich 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he becomes rich 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
takʷiičiʔaƛuk 
takʷ 
each 
-iičiƛ 
INC 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
his becomes each 
ʔunaak 
ʔunaakʷ 
have 
having 
qʷiqqʷiqʔitq 
DUP- 
PL 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
every kind of 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
quuɬ 
quuɬ 
slave 
slaves 
p̉inw̉aɬ 
p̉inw̉aɬ 
whaling canoe 
whaling canoes 
hiyiqtup 
hihiqtup 
all sorts of things 
all sorts of things 
. 

The man becomes wealthy with all sorts of wealth: slaves, whaling canoes and everything.

1.212
hašiỷaniičiʔaƛ 
hašiỷaniičiƛ 
become famous 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he becomes famous 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
č̉iħiičiƛqa 
č̉iħiičiƛ 
become supernatural 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he becomes supernatural 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuuštaqyuučiƛqa 
ʔuuštaqyuučiƛ 
become a shaman 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he becomes a shaman 
. 

The man becomes famous because he has become supernatural and acquired shaman power.

1.213
ciciqinkqa 
ciciqinkʷ 
pray 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they would pray for it 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
wiiqỷinƛʔi 
wiiqỷinawiƛ 
storm starts up 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who encounters a storm 
ƛaħʔaƛ 
ƛaħʷ 
at present 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
now 
ʔiiħʔaƛ 
ʔiiħʷ 
very 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
very much 
ciciqink 
ciciqinkʷ 
pray 
praying 
n̉aačiiɬeʔis 
n̉aačiiɬa 
watch over s.o. 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
watch over me! 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
. 

Likewise one who encounters a storm prays, now very fervently, "watch over me, O Chief!'

1.214
wiikšaħap̉is 
wikšaħap 
prevent 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
let no harm come to me 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he says 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
wiiqỷeeʔi 
wiiqỷaa 
be caught in a storm 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one caught in a storm 
t̉ašnaak̉ap̉is 
t̉ašnaak̉ap 
create a path 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
make a path for me! 
. 

"Let no harm come to me," says the one caught in a storm, "make a path for me."
pg. 52 begins above

1.215
wiħiiʔup̉is 
wiħiiʔup 
bring to dry land 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
bring me to shore! 
. 

Take me to shore.

1.216
ƛuuɬinkstak̉ap̉is 
ƛuɬ 
good 
-(w)inkstaˑ 
in between [L] 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
make into a good passage 
hisiikʷačištqas 
hisiikʷačišt 
go along on the water 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
where I go on the water 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
. 

Make this place into a good passage where I go along on the water, O Chief".

1.217
yaqʷinƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-aˑnaw̉iƛ 
because of ... 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
for that reason 
ʔaani 
ʔaani 
really 
really 
wiip̉iʕat 
wiip̉iq 
touch lightly 
-ˀat 
PASS 
touch lightly 
k̉aħšiƛ 
k̉aħšiƛ 
breakers strike 
breakers strike 
ƛawaaqħʔaƛquu 
ƛawaˑ 
near 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that are nearby 
k̉aħšiƛ 
k̉aħšiƛ 
breakers strike 
breakers striking 
. 

Therefore, sure enough, the breakers strike lightly about him.

1.218
suuʔis 
suu 
hold 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
hold me 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
wiikšaħiqħʔap̉isim 
wiikšaħiqħʔap 
protect s.o. 
-ˀiˑsim 
2s>1s.FUT.IMPER 
keep me safe 
wiħiiʔuƛ 
wiħii 
on dry land 
-ˀawiƛ2 
be on the rocks 
coming to land 
. 

"Hold me, O Chief, keep me safe coming to land."

1.219
nunuuk̉ʷaƛ 
DUP- 
PL 
nuuk 
sing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he sings 
nuukukʔi 
nuuk 
song 
-uk 
IMPF 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his song 
ʔuuč̉aksakʔi 
ʔuč̉akʷ 
for the purpose of 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
his special  
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
. 

He sings his special song.

1.220
qʷaaqʷači 
qʷaaqʷačiƛ 
sustain 
he is sustained 
ʔaani 
ʔaani 
really 
really 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
wiikšaħiqħ 
wiikšaħi 
be safe 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
being safe 
wiħiiʔuƛ 
wiħii 
on dry land 
-ˀawiƛ2 
be on the rocks 
coming to dry land 
. 

Sure enough he is upheld by it and comes safe to shore.

1.221
ʔuunuuƛinʔaaɬa 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
the reason we always do 
m̉uʔakʷaʔap 
m̉uʔakʷaʔap 
burn up 
burn up 
qʷiqʷic̉aqaɬckʷiʔitq 
qʷiqʷic̉aqaɬ 
possessions 
-ckʷiˑ 
remains of... 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what they had possessed 
qaħšiʔaƛquu 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they die 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
huʔasiikʔaaɬa 
huʔasiikʷ 
rebuild 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
they always rebuild 
č̉iħaa 
č̉iħaa 
ghost 
ghosts 
m̉uʔakʷačiƛʔi 
m̉uʔakʷačiƛ 
burn up 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
that which has been burned up 
č̉ičm̉uqckʷi 
č̉ičm̉uqckʷi 
sacrificial items 
sacrificial items 
. 

The reason we always burn up the possessions of a person when he dies, is that it is said the ghost always rebuilds what is burned and sacrificed for him.

1.222
qaħšiƛqa 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he died 
taacqin 
taacqin 
Taatskin 
Taatskin 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
he was called 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
ƛ̉aaʔasʔatħ 
ƛ̉aaʔasʔatħ 
Makah 
Neah Bay 
. 

A Neah Bay chief, named Taatskin, died.

1.223
ʔanuʔaɬ 
ʔanuʔaɬ 
become aware of 
he became aware 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
hiɬqaa 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that he was there 
yacsaƛ 
yac 
step 
-‘isaƛ 
on the beach 
stepping onto the beach 
maʔas 
maʔas 
village 
village 
ʔaqciiyis 
ʔaqciiyis 
wide beach 
wide beach 
qʷiʔiiʔisʔitq 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ʔii 
go to 
-‘is 
on the beach 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where he went onto the beach 
. 

He became aware that he had stepped ashore at a village with a wide beach.

1.224
waaỷatħħa 
waayaq 
where? 
-ˀatħ1 
live at 
-ħaˑ1 
3.INTERR 
where does he live? 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
ʔuʔukʷiɬʔaƛ 
ʔuʔukʷiɬ 
mention by name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
mentioning him 
ħaw̉iɬħitʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the late chief 
qaħšiƛ 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
die[M] 
ƛ̉isiit̉am̉it 
ƛ̉isiit̉a 
White-Body 
-m̉iˑt 
son of... 
the son of White-Body 
. 

"Where does he live?" he said, mentioning the son of White-Body, who had been chief when he died.

1.225
čukʷaa 
čukʷaa 
come! 
come! 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he said now 
ħimiicsuʔat 
ħimiicsawiƛ 
show s.o. the way 
-ˀat 
PASS 
show the way 
c̉awaakħʔat 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀat 
PASS 
done so by one 
. 

"Come along!", someone said and then showed him the way.

1.226
ʔucaʔap̉aƛ̉at 
ʔucaʔap 
make s.o. go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he took him to 
hiỷatħʔitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ˀatħ1 
live at 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where he was living 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
. 

He took him to where the chief lived.

1.227
hineeʔiƛ 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
he entered 
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
. 

He entered the house.

1.228
wikiɬ 
wikiɬ 
be away from home 
he was away from home 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
. 

The chief was not home.

1.229
ʔiiħuk 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-uk 
POSS 
his was big 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
ʔayaqƛ̉as 
ʔaya 
many 
-ˀaˑqƛ̉as 
in the house 
many were in the house 
. 

He had a big house occupied by many people.

1.230
ʔuʔiiʔiɬʔap̉at 
ʔuʔiiʔiɬʔap 
bring into house 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they brought him into the house 
hiiɬc̉aqiɬʔi 
hiiɬc̉aqiɬ 
rear of house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
going to at the rear of the house 
. 

They had him go to the rear of the house.

1.231
n̉upp̉iɬuk 
n̉up 
one 
-p̉iˑɬʷ1 
... long objects 
-uk 
POSS 
he had one 
puu 
puu 
gun 
gun 
caaqakʷinʔi 
caaqakʷin 
head of bed 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
at the head of the bed 
. 

There was a gun leaning against the head of the bed.
pg. 53 begins below

1.232
wik̉ap̉at 
wik 
not 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he did not have to 
qiiʔiɬsa 
qii 
long time 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-sasa 
only [L] 
be long in the house 
qiiʔiɬħck̉in 
qii 
long time 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ck̉in 
slightly 
being just a little time in the house 
ỷakšiʔaƛ 
ỷakšiƛ 
come into view 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he appeared now 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
t̉ašiiʔakʔi 
t̉ašii 
door 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
at the door 
ʔapyimɬ 
ʔapyimɬ 
carry on the shoulder 
carry on the shoulder 
puuʔakʔi 
puu 
gun 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his gun 
ʔaƛqimɬiics 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-iics 
take ... along 
carrying two 
naaħt̉ač 
naˑħt̉ač 
mallard duck 
mallard ducks 
. 

After sitting a while but not long, the chief appeared at the door carrying his gun on his shoulder and two mallards.

1.233
ʔucaasuk 
ʔucaas 
in the hand 
-uk 
POSS 
he had in his hand 
čimcaasʔi 
čimcaas 
right hand 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the right side 
ʔaƛqimɬʔi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the two 
naaħt̉ač 
naˑħt̉ač 
mallard duck 
mallard ducks 
qacaasʔi 
qaccaas 
left hand 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
left hand 
ʔukʷaaƛuk 
ʔukʷa 
oneself 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
on his 
ʔapyimɬ 
ʔapyimɬ 
carry on the shoulder 
carry on the shoulder 
puuʔakʔi 
puu 
gun 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his gun 
. 

He had the ducks in his right hand and the gun on his left shoulder.

1.234
ỷimaasʔap̉ataħ 
ỷimaasʔap 
spoil s.o.'s luck 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
they spoiled my luck 
ʔuħʔat 
ʔuħʔat 
by 
by 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
ʔiiqħuk 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
tell 
. 

"They spoiled my luck", said the chief.

1.235
ʔuwiiħtimyisʔaanič̉asiš 
ʔuwiiħtimyis 
go ahead along the shore 
-ˀaani 
1p.PURP 
-č̉asiš 
1s INF 
it seems they were going along ahead of me 
ƛ̉iƛ̉imyisč̉aš 
ƛ̉iƛ̉imyis 
go along shore shooting 
-č̉aˑʕaš 
3.INFER 
it seems he was shooting along the shore 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
. 

"It seems that someone was going along ahead of me and shooting."

1.236
ʔuħaak 
ʔu 
REF 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
is it you? 
waa 
waa 
say 
he said 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he said now 
taacqin 
taacqin 
Taatskin 
Taatskin 
. 

He said to Taatskin, "Is it you speaking?

1.237
qacc̉up̉iɬukʷitaħ 
qacc̉a 
three 
-p̉iˑɬʷ1 
... long objects 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I had three 
ʔat 
ʔat 
indeed 
indeed 
ʔaħkuu 
ʔaħkuu 
thus 
thus 
puuʔii 
puu 
gun 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
guns 
ʔaaʔanaɬšsaƛaħ 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔana 
only 
-aɬ1 
attached to 
-š1 
ITER [F] 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
now I only have 
ʔaħkuu 
ʔaħkuu 
thus 
thus 
ʔaƛeʔi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the two 
. 

Though I had three guns, I now only have these two left.

1.238
c̉awaak̉aƛukʷaħ 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
one of mine is 
pawaɬšiƛ 
pawaɬšiƛ 
lose 
it is lost 
. 

One of them was lost".

1.239
ʔuħʔaƛuk 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
his were now 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
m̉uyaaʔaanitʔi 
m̉uyaa 
be burning 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones that had been burned 
ʔaƛp̉iiɬ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉iˑɬʷ2 
...songs 
two 
puuyaqnaak̉aƛʔitq 
puu 
gun 
-yuˑ 
...-ed 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the guns which he had 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
. 

The guns which the chief had were the two that had been burned.

1.240
ʔuħqatħʔaƛuk 
ʔuħ 
is 
-qaˑtħ 
believe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
he believed that his 
pawaɬšiƛ 
pawaɬšiƛ 
lose 
it got lost 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
quʔaciicšiƛʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
-iic 
belong to 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the one owned by a human being 
wik̉aanitʔi 
wik 
not 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one that had not been done to 
m̉uʔakʷaʔap̉at 
m̉uʔakʷaʔap 
burn up 
-ˀat 
PASS 
burned up 
. 

He thought that one of those he owned as a human being had been lost, the one that had not been burned.

1.241
ʔeeʔeeʔišasaƛč̉akšƛaa 
DUP- 
REP 
ʔaʔiˑš 
do quickly 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-č̉akš1 
2s.INF 
=ƛaa 
again 
it seems you came too quickly 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
hinatšiƛ 
hinatšiƛ 
come 
coming 
waaʔaƛ̉atƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
again 
he was told again 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
. 

"It seems you have come here too quickly", he was told.

1.242
hiiniiħaqasʔaaɬa 
hiiniiħa 
be anxious 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
I am always anxious about them 
ʔaħn̉ii 
ʔaħn̉ii 
that 
that 
qaaqɬaatikukqin 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother.pl 
-uk 
POSS 
-qin 
1p.REL 
the ones who are our younger brothers 
yaaqʷiɬqas 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iɬ1 
refer to 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
whom I did to 
waħšiƛtaqšiƛit 
waħšiƛtaqšiƛ 
leave behind 
-(m)it 
PAST 
I left behind 
. 

"I am always anxious about our younger brothers whom I left behind.

1.243
kʷeeʔik 
kʷeeʔik 
come (sg.)! 
come! 
huʔacačiʔeeʔic 
huʔacačiƛ 
return 
-ˀeˑʔic(a) 
2s>3 
so you may return 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he said now 
. 

Come, so you may return," he said now.

1.244
kutiiswiiʔasʔaƛ̉at 
kutiicswiiʔas 
lead s.o. outside by the hand 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he lead him outside by the hand 
hiniiswiiʔasʔat 
hiniiswiiʔas 
take along outside 
-ˀat 
PASS 
taking him outside 
. 

He took him by the hand and led him outside.

1.245
qʷis 
qʷis 
do thus 
he did thus 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
tiičačiƛ 
tiičačiƛ 
come to life 
came to life 
taacqin 
taacqin 
Taatskin 
Taatskin 
. 

So Taatskin came back to life.

1.246
ʔanuʔaɬ 
ʔanuʔaɬ 
become aware of 
he became aware 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
hiɬʔaƛqaƛaa 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
=ƛaa 
again 
he was again here 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
here 
here 
hiɬqin 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-qin 
1p.REL 
where we were 
. 

He became aware that he was again here with us.
pg. 54 begins here

1.247
yaqʷaanuuʔaƛinʔaaɬa 
yaqʷaanaw̉iƛ 
it is for that reason 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
it is for that reason that we always did 
ʔeeʔeeʔiša 
DUP- 
REP 
ʔaʔiˑš 
do quickly 
did quickly 
m̉uʔakʷaʔap 
m̉uʔakʷaʔap 
burn up 
burn up 
qʷiqʷic̉aqaɬitʔitq 
qʷiqʷic̉aqaɬ 
possessions 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the possessions 
qaħšiƛʔi 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
of the one who had died 
. 

That is why we always quickly burn up the possessions of those who die.

1.248
qʷayac̉iikšiƛweʔinʔaaɬa 
qʷayac̉iikšiƛ 
become a wolf 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
=ʔaaɬa 
=always 
he always turns into a wolf 
seʔisʕaqƛʔi 
saʔisʕaqƛ 
wolf-crawler 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
wolf-crawler 
qaħšiʔaƛquu 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when he dies 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

The wolf crawler, they say, always turns into a wolf when he dies.

1.249
qaħšiƛ 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
he died 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
saʔisʕaqƛitʔi 
saʔisʕaqƛ 
wolf-crawler 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the late wolf-crawler 
histaatuk̉ʷaƛ 
histaatuk 
hear a sound from 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
there was a sound 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
huħaa 
huħaa 
howling 
howling 
ʔayaatuk̉ʷaƛ 
ʔayaatuk 
sound of many doing ... 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
sound of many doing ... 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
qʷicaʔap̉atʔitq 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ca 
go to 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where they had gone to do 
n̉uuħšiʔat 
n̉uuħšiƛ 
bury 
-ˀat 
PASS 
bury him 
. 

When a wolf crawler died there was a sound of many wolves howling where they had gone to bury him.

1.250
n̉ašiʔaƛ̉at 
n̉aššiƛ 
go to see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they went to see 
n̉aasšiʔaƛʔitq 
n̉aasšiƛ 
dawn 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when it was the next day 
. 

Next day they went to see.

1.251
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
wik̉aħs 
wik̉aħs 
not be in container 
they were not in the box 
qaħšiƛʔi 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who had died 
. 

The deceased was no longer in his coffin.

1.252
ʔuʕaqƛitʔi 
ʔu 
REF 
-ˀaqƛ3 
expert ...er 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
he always used to do 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolf 
saaƛsaaya 
saaƛsaaya 
do a crawling dance 
doing a crawling dance 
. 

He always used to do wolf crawling.

1.253
ʔuušweeʔinƛaaʔaaɬa 
ʔuuš 
some 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
=ƛaa 
also 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
there were some 
t̉uxsukʷinčiƛ 
t̉uxsukʷinčiƛ 
become an owl 
became owls 
qaħšiʔaƛquu 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they die 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

It is said some people became owls when they died.

1.254
ʔuħukʷinƛaa 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
=ƛaa 
also 
we also have  
ħaaħuupỷak 
ħaaħuupaỷakʷ 
teachings 
teachings 
yaqqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-qin 
1p.REL 
that we 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ʔuuyištaʕiƛ 
ʔuuyištaʕiƛ 
start from ... time 
be from the time of... 
ʔam̉asiik̉atiič̉in 
ʔam̉asiikʷ 
originate from 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-iič̉in 
1p.INDF.REL 
when we were created 
. 

We Indians have teachings from the time we were first created.

1.255
ʔuʔuwaƛ 
ʔuʔuwa 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say now 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all who do 
t̉an̉anakšiƛ 
t̉an̉anakšiƛ 
have children 
have children 
wik̉im 
wik 
not 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
you should not 
kuuw̉iɬ 
kuuw̉iɬ 
steal 
steal 
wawaaʔaƛuk 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
it says 
ħaaħuupaỷak 
ħaaħuupaỷakʷ 
teachings 
teachings 
. 

All parents instruct their children saying, "You must not steal" says the teachings.

1.256
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
it is because 
ʔunaak̉ap̉atƛaa 
ʔunaakʷ 
have 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
again 
they also have 
ʕuỷi 
ʕuỷi 
medicine 
medicines 
kuuw̉iɬʔatquu 
kuuw̉iɬ 
steal 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
if they are stolen from 
ʔuuỷiʔatuk 
ʔuuš 
some 
-ˀiƛ 
take [L] 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
something of theirs is taken 
. 

It is because people have medicines to use when something of theirs is stolen.

1.257
muxsaap̉aƛquu 
muxsaap 
make s.o. break out in sores 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would make someone break out in sores 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
those 
yaqwiimit 
yaqwiimit 
ancestor 
ancestors 
ʔeeʔeeʔiša 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔaʔiˑš 
do quickly 
they did quickly 
. 

The ancestors would quickly cause someone to break out in boils.

1.258
ʔiiħʔaƛquu 
ʔiiħʷ 
very 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would become very much 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that one 
ɬakmiičiƛ 
ɬakmiičiƛ 
become miserable 
became miserable 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
kuuw̉iɬckʷiʔi 
kuuw̉iɬ 
steal 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the one who had stolen 
. 

The one who had stolen would soon become very miserable.

1.259
wiksuuk 
wik 
not 
-suˑk 
2s.ABS 
don't 
ʕiiʕiit̉aqƛa 
ʕiiʕiit̉aqƛa 
be telling lies 
tell lies 
yaqčiqħʔitqak 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-či1 
along with 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
to the one's living with you 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
p̉išaʕap̉atuusħsuk 
p̉išaʕap 
think ill of s.o. 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ħsuˑk 
2s.Rel.Dub 
that they would think ill of you 
yaʕatqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-qin 
1p.REL 
by the one who did 
n̉aacsaat 
n̉aacsa 
see 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they watch you 
ʔuʔaaɬuk̉ʷat 
ʔuuʔaaɬuk 
take care of 
-ˀat 
PASS 
taking care of you 
wawaaʔakƛaa 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ƛaa 
=also 
it also says 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ħaaħuupač̉ak 
ħaaħuupač̉akʷ 
advice 
teaching 
ʔuucsasa 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
-sasa 
precisely [L] 
belonging to 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

"You must never tell lies to your neighbour, for the one who watches over and looks after us would think ill of you", was the teaching of the true Indians.

1.260
wik̉aƛma 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he did not do 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
n̉aasʔii ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ n̉aas 
Day Chief 
Day Chief 
ʔuucuk 
ʔuucuk 
give 
give 
qʷaỷak 
qʷaỷakʷ 
method 
methods 
m̉inuuʕaqstuƛʔi 
m̉inuuʕaqstawiƛ 
become a disease-thrower 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
disease-thrower 
. 

The Day Chief did not give the methods of the disease thrower.
pg. 55 begins above

1.261
ʔuuc̉aƛukma 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it belonged to 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
t̉uxsukʷin 
t̉uxsukʷin 
common owl 
common owl 
quʔišin 
quʔišin 
raven 
raven 
ʔuħʔaƛ̉atquu 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they do so 
č̉iħšiʔat 
č̉iħšiƛ 
s.t. supernatural appears 
-ˀat 
PASS 
appear supernaturally 
ʔuuštaqyuqiiɬšiʔat 
ʔuuštaqyuqiiɬšiƛ 
give shamanic power 
-ˀat 
PASS 
giving shamanic power 
. 

It belonged to the owl or the raven when they appear supernaturally to give one shaman power.

1.262
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
they are 
t̉uxsukʷin 
t̉uxsukʷin 
common owl 
common owl 
quʔišin 
quʔišin 
raven 
raven 
m̉inuuʕaqƛ 
m̉inuuʕaqƛ 
disease-thrower 
disease-throwers 
. 

It is said that the owl and the raven are disease-throwers.

1.263
wikin 
wik 
not 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we are not 
niiw̉a 
niiw̉a 
we 
we 
n̉aač̉in 
n̉ač 
see 
-ˀin4 
treated as 
be seen while doing so 
quuʔasqin 
quuʔas 
First Nations person 
-qin 
1p.REL 
we who are First Nations people 
ciciqink̉aƛqun 
ciciqinkʷ 
pray 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
when we pray 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
huptaaqħ 
huptaa 
be hiding 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
hiding 
c̉awaačink 
c̉awaačinkʷ 
alone 
alone 
. 

We First Nations people are not seen when we pray, but do it while hiding alone.

1.264
ħamatuk 
ħamat 
known 
-uk 
POSS 
its is known 
qʷiyiqin 
qʷiyii 
when 
-qin 
1p.REL 
the time when we do so 
ʔuuktis 
ʔuuktis 
be guided by 
is guided by 
hupaɬ 
hupaɬ 
moon 
moon 
hisčaaƛʔitq 
his(t) 
LOC 
-či2 
at 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
in which  
. 

The time when we do so is guided by the moon.

1.265
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
wiksỷiičiƛ 
wiksỷiičiƛ 
be in vain 
it becomes in vain 
ʔuušħʔaƛquu 
ʔuuš 
some 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
if someone is doing 
naʔaataħ 
naʔaataħ 
listen 
listening 
. 

It all comes to naught if anyone is listening.

1.266
ʔuyiyani 
ʔuyiya 
at the time 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we do at that time 
qʷam̉aap̉itʔitq 
qʷam̉aap̉it 
every time 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
every time 
ʔeʔim 
ʔeʔim 
as soon as 
at first 
hinaɬačiƛ 
hinaɬačiƛ 
be new moon 
there is a new moon 
hupaɬ 
hupaɬ 
moon 
moon 
tiičsimč 
tiičsimč 
train for long life 
training for long life 
ʔuusimč 
ʔuusimč 
do ritual training 
doing ritual training 
ʔaniƛii 
ʔaniƛ 
so that 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
so that 
qiiʔat 
qii 
long time 
-ˀat 
PASS 
do for a long time 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
ħaqinƛ 
ħaqiinawiƛ 
reach the peak 
reach the peak (of life) 
ʔiičaqỷiħa 
ʔiičaqỷiħa 
die of old age 
die of old age 
. 

We do ritual for long life every new moon, that we may live long and reach the zenith, dying of old age.

1.267
wawaaʔaƛ 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
ciciqink 
ciciqinkʷ 
pray 
praying 
ħaw̉iɬʔi hinaayiɬ 
hinaayiɬ ħaw̉iɬ 
Sky Chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Sky Chief 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
refer to 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔatqaa 
ʔat 
even if 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
even if one is 
ʔatquu 
ʔat 
even if 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even though 
quʔacaq 
quuʔas 
man 
-aq 
big 
a big man 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
man 
hixuk̉ʷap̉aƛquu 
hixuk̉ʷap1 
do weakly 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
if he does lightly 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
wawaaqas 
wawaa 
say 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
what I say 
ʔaʔanimt̉ap̉aƛquu 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔana 
only 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that they only do so 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
našukqa 
našuk 
strong 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that he is strong 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
young man 
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was not 
qii 
qii 
long time 
long time 
tiič 
tiˑča 
alive 
alive 
. 

They pray to the Chief in the sky because even a big strong man will not live long if he makes light of what I am saying.

1.268
ħaaw̉iɬaƛħʔaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
while a young man 
qaħšiƛ 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
they die 
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not 
ħaqinƛ 
ħaqiinawiƛ 
reach the peak 
reach the peak (of life) 
ʔiičaqỷiħa 
ʔiičaqỷiħa 
die of old age 
die of old age 
hixuk̉ʷap̉aƛquu 
hixuk̉ʷap1 
do weakly 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
if he does lightly 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
refer to 
hinaayiɬʔi ħaw̉iɬ 
hinaayiɬ ħaw̉iɬ 
Sky Chief 
Sky Chief 
yaʕatqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-qin 
1p.REL 
by the one who did 
tiič̉ap̉at 
tiič̉ap 
let s.o. live 
-ˀat 
PASS 
keeping us alive 
ʔuʔaaɬuk̉ʷat 
ʔuuʔaaɬuk 
take care of 
-ˀat 
PASS 
taking care of us 
. 

They die while young, they do not reach the top and die of old age if they make light of the Chief in the sky, who keeps us alive and looks after us.

1.269
qʷam̉aap̉it 
qʷam̉aap̉it 
every time 
every time 
naqšiƛ 
naqšiƛ 
drink 
one drinks 
č̉aʔak 
č̉aʔakʷ 
water 
water 
hitac̉uqšiƛ 
hitac̉uqšiƛ 
take in the mouth 
takes something in the mouth 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
tiič̉ap̉is 
tiič̉ap 
let s.o. live 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
keep me alive 
wiikšaħap̉is 
wikšaħap 
keep safe 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
keep me safe 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
waa 
waa 
say 
one says 
. 

Every time one drinks water or puts food in his mouth, one says, "Keep me alive, let me be well, O Chief".
pg. 56 begins above

1.270
kʷiɬšiƛ 
kʷiɬšiƛ 
blow into 
they blow spray 
huptaaqħ 
huptaa 
be hiding 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
in hiding 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
speaking 
wik 
wik 
not 
they do not 
ħasʕaƛ 
ħasʕaƛ 
speak aloud 
speak aloud 
n̉amaqƛħ 
n̉ama 
only 
-ˀaqƛ1 
inside 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
doing only in 
ɬim̉aqstiʔi 
ɬim̉aqsti 
mind 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the mind 
waa 
waa 
say 
saying 
. 

They blow spray secretly and speak silently, they do not speak aloud but only in their minds.

1.271
yaqʷinƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-aˑnaw̉iƛ 
because of ... 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
it is for that reason 
wik 
wik 
not 
they do not 
naʔaa 
naʔaˑ 
hear 
hear it 
ʔatquu 
ʔat 
even if 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even though 
ʔaneeʔis 
ʔanaa[...]ʔis 
little in extent 
-ʔis 
DIM 
it was nearby 
ƛaƛuuʔi 
ƛaʔuˑ 
other.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the other 
quqʷaas 
quuʔas 
person.pl 
people 
. 

Hence other people do not hear it even though close by.

1.272
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hawiiʔaƛquu 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they finished 
waa 
waa 
say 
saying 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
kʷiɬšiƛ 
kʷiɬšiƛ 
blow into 
blowing spray 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔuwaaʔaƛ 
ʔuwaa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
qʷiisimčʔitq 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-simč 
train ritually for [L] 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which he was training for 
qʷiqʷiʔiiħʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ˀiiħ2 
hunt [R] 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they are hunting for 
. 

They finish saying that and then they mention the thing for which they are doing ritual, the thing they are hunting.

1.273
qʷisʔatikqas 
qʷis 
do thus 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
may they do thus for me 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ɬuucsaamiiħʔisuk 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-uk 
POSS 
my little women 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
kʷinʔiičiʔatikqas 
kʷinʔiičiƛ 
long for 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
may they be hungry for me 
. 

"May the little woman of wealth goods become hungry for me.

1.274
qʷaaƛqaas 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may they be as if for me 
naqmiiħiičiʔatquus 
naqmiiħiičiƛ 
become thirsty 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quus 
1s.CND 
that they be thirsty for me 
. 

May they be as though thirsty for me."

1.275
ʔuwaaʔaƛ 
ʔuwaa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they mention 
qʷiqʷiʔiiħʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ˀiiħ2 
hunt [R] 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they are hunting for 
ʔuʔuutaħʔi 
ʔuʔuutaħ 
whaler 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the whaler 
ɬuucsaamiiħʔisuk 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
wife 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-uk 
POSS 
the little wives of 
ʔiiħtuup 
ʔiiħtuup 
whale 
whale 
. 

The whaler mentions the dear little wives of the whale.

1.276
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he mentions 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ʔuʔuutaħʔi 
ʔuʔuutaħ 
whaler 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the hunter 
ɬuucsaamiiħʔisuk 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-uk 
POSS 
their little women 
tukuuk 
tukuuk 
sea lion 
sea lion 
. 

The hunter mentions the sealions' little women.

1.277
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they mention them 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
tutuk̉ʷiiħʔi 
tutuk̉ʷiiħ 
hunt sea lions 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one hunting sealions 
kukuħw̉isaʕiiħʔi 
kukuħw̉isaʕiiħ 
hunt for hairseal 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one hunting hair seals 
k̉ik̉iɬatʕiiħʔi 
k̉ik̉iɬatʕiiħ 
hunt fur seals 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the one hunting furseals 
qʷaam̉asiyapiʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-siyapi 
... kind(s) 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all the different kinds 
hiyiqtup 
hihiqtup 
all sorts of things 
all sorts of things 
. 

The hunter of sealions and hairseals and furseals and other things mention them.

1.278
ʔuuʔaɬsimħičiʔatikqas 
ʔuuʔaɬsimħičiƛ 
lust after 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may they fall in love with me 
kʷinʔiičiʔatikqas 
kʷinʔiičiƛ 
long for 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ikqas 
1s.OPT 
may they be hungry for me 
ʔucħimiħsiičiʔatikqas 
ʔucħimiħsiičiƛ 
want to marry 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
may they want to marry me 
ɬuucsaamiiħʔisuk 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-uk 
POSS 
my little women 
waaʔat 
waa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he said to them 
. 

"May the little women fall in love with me, may they hunger for me, may they want to marry me", they say.

1.279
ħamat̉amaħ 
ħamat̉ap 
be aware 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I know it 
t̉aqumsma 
t̉aqums 
truth 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is the truth 
ciciqink̉at 
ciciqinkʷ 
pray 
-ˀat 
PASS 
praying to 
hinaayiɬʔi ħaw̉iɬ 
hinaayiɬ ħaw̉iɬ 
Sky Chief 
Sky Chief 
. 

I know it is a true thing to pray to the Sky Chief.

1.280
n̉ašiʔi 
n̉aššiƛ 
go to see 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
look! 
. 

Look!

1.281
ʔaħkuumaħ 
ʔaħkuu 
here 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
here I am 
c̉aawimɬʔaƛ 
c̉awaˑ 
one 
-maˑɬ 
survive [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
only one survived 
ʔiič̉im 
ʔiič̉im 
old 
old (one) 
tiič 
tiˑča 
alive 
alive 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
saač̉ink 
saač̉inkʷ 
always 
always 
ƛ̉uu 
ƛ̉uu1 
remember 
remember 
kʷiiɬkʷiiɬa 
kʷiiɬkʷiiɬa 
be praying 
while praying 
tiič̉ap̉is 
tiič̉ap 
let s.o. live 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
keep me alive! 
wiikšaħap̉is 
wikšaħap 
keep safe 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
keep me safe! 
wawaa 
wawaa 
say 
saying 
. 

Here I alone have lived to be an old man because I always remembered to pray and say, "Keep me alive, keep me well".