047. Tom's Big Wolf Ritual

Tom Sayachapis, ms 50r; July 29, 1915 / Box 122 Folder 6 fiche 2 (slide 22)-6, Folder 7 fiche 1; 205 pp.

An account of a big Wolf Ritual ceremony given by Tom Sayachapis.

1.1
maakukʷaħ 
maakuk 
buy 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I bought 
p̉inw̉aɬ 
p̉inw̉aɬ 
whaling canoe 
whaling canoe 
ƛuukʷatqn̉aħaƛqas 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
-n̉aħi 
intend to [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
when I was intending to give a Wolf Ritual 
. 

When about to give the Wolf Ritual, I bought a whaling canoe.

1.2
n̉upuuʕisuksi 
n̉upuuq 
120 
-ˀiˑs1 
consume 
-uk 
POSS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I spent 120 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
yaaɬsii 
yaaɬ 
that 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I was doing that 
ƛuukʷaanaw̉it̉as 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
-w̉it̉as1 
about to 
about to give a Wolf Ritual 
. 

I spent 120 dollars for it, even though I was going to give a Wolf Ritual.

1.3
ƛ̉iiʔiɬʔaƛsi 
ƛ̉iiʔiɬ 
feast 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I gave a feast 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huumaqƛ̉iƛ 
huumaqƛ̉iƛ 
invite all 
inviting all 
hiỷaacsnup 
hicsnup 
spouses together.pl 
spouses together 
. 

I gave a feast, inviting the whole tribe, wives and all.

1.4
huumaqƛ̉iƛsiƛaa 
huumaqƛ̉iƛ 
invite all 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I also invited all of the 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
hiỷaacsnup 
hicsnup 
spouses together.pl 
spouses together 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
. 

I also invited the whole Huupachas Tribe, along with the wives.

1.5
ƛ̉iiʔiyipiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉iiʔiyipiƛ 
sit down at feast 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
go to feast in house 
ʔaƛsaatħʔi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-saˑtħ 
... many tribes 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the two tribes 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
ʔuʔiiʔiɬʔaƛ 
ʔuʔii 
go to 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went to the house 
ʔiiħukʷitqas 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my former big one 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
. 

The two tribes came and sat down to feast in my former big house.

1.6
ciqsaap̉aƛsi 
ciqsaap 
have s.o. speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had him speak 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
. 

I had Big Joe speak.

1.7
naʔaataħʔis 
naʔaataħ 
listen 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
listen to me! 
maatmees 
tribe 
-ee 
VOC 
Oh tribes 
waaʔap̉aƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had him say now 
ʔuušaaʔatumaħ 
ʔuuš 
some 
-aaʔatup 
destined for [L] 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I have done so for a purpose 
qʷapitap 
qʷaa 
thus 
-‘ipitap 
in the house 
here in the house 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔaƛsaatħʔitqsuu 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-saˑtħ 
... many tribes 
-ʔiˑtqsuu 
2p.REL 
you who are two tribes 
. 

"Listen to me, O tribes", I had him say, "I have brought you two tribes here in the house with a purpose."

1.8
ʔuum̉aawap̉atma 
ʔuum̉aa 
thus far 
-waˑ 
say [R] 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he was allowed to say that much 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ƛ̉aapħcitaʕiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉aapħcitaq 
bang on side of house 
-ˀiƛ 
go for [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
then someone banged on the side of the house 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
. 

When he had said that much, someone banged on the side of the house.

1.9
kiikʕaƛ̉aƛ 
kiikʕaƛ 
whistle 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
whistle 
ħiin̉a 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
quartz 
. 

The quartz whistled, "kiik".

1.10
t̉iiyiiʔitap̉aƛ 
t̉iiyiiʔitap 
throw into house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they threw it into the house 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

The wolves threw it inside the house.

1.11
suupaaƛ 
suupi 
catch in mid-air 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he caught it in mid-air 
ħaw̉iɬukʷitqin 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qin 
1p.REL 
who was our late chief 
ħaayuupinuuɬit 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
-(m)it 
former 
the late Brings-ten-on-his-back 
suupaaƛ 
suupi 
catch in mid-air 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he held it up 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
refer to 
ħiin̉eʔi 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the quartz 
. 

Our chief, the late Brings-ten-on-his-back, caught it in mid-air and held it aloft.

1.12
n̉aacsaaƛ 
n̉aacsa 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they saw now 
č̉uučk 
č̉uučk 
all 
all 
quqʷaasʔi 
quuʔas 
person.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the people 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
yaaɬqaa 
yaaɬ 
there 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
there 
suu 
suu 
hold 
holding 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
ħiin̉a 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
the quartz 
. 

All the people saw that Brings-ten-on-his-back held the quartz.
pg. 2 begins above

1.13
kiikaa 
kiikaa 
whistling 
it was whistling 
ħiin̉eʔi 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the quartz 
. 

The quartz was whistling.

1.14
matsaap̉aƛ 
matsaap 
let fly 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he let it fly 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
ħiin̉eʔi 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the quartz 
ʔucaỷap̉aƛ 
ʔucaỷap 
take to swh 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going to 
hiiɬʔiitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the place where 
ƛeʔiɬ 
ƛa1 
stand 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
he was standing in the house 
teeʔisim 
teeʔisim 
Beach-Pole 
Beach-Pole 
. 

Brings-ten-on-his-back let it fly to where Beach-Pole was standing in the house.

1.15
n̉aacsaaƛħak 
n̉aacsa 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
do you see now? 
maatmees 
tribe 
-ee 
VOC 
Oh tribes 
sukʷiƛma 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he is holding it 
teeʔisim 
teeʔisim 
Beach-Pole 
Beach-Pole 
ħiin̉eʔi 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the quartz 
. 

Do you see now, Oh tribes, Beach-Pole is holding the quartz?

1.16
huptsaapma 
huptsaap 
hide s.t. 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he has hidden it 
waaʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
also 
he said also 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
. 

"He has hidden it", said Big Joe.

1.17
ʔaaqinħak 
ʔaqin 
what? 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
why do you? 
wikcaqak 
wikcaaqakʷ 
not take seriously 
not take seriously 
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ɬučnaakšiƛuk 
ɬučnaakšiƛ 
get married 
-uk 
POSS 
yours has gotten married 
t̉an̉a 
t̉an̉a 
child 
son 
. 

"Why don't you take it seriously that your son has taken a wife?

1.18
ʔucaqšiʔaƛ̉i 
ʔucaaqšiƛ 
pay attention 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
take notice! 
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
kaaʔucnakšiƛ̉asʔaƛ 
kaaʔucnakšiƛ 
have a grandchild 
-ˀas4 
about to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going to have a grandchild 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

Take notice then that you are about to have a grandchild", said the wolves.

1.19
n̉iƛaakʔaaqƛ̉amaħ 
n̉iƛaakʷ 
be excited 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I will make you excited 
suutiɬ 
suutiɬ 
you 
you 
kaaʔucnakšiʔiikquuk 
kaaʔucnakšiƛ 
have a grandchild 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
when you will have a grandchild 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

"I will throw you into an uproar when you get a grandchild", the wolves said.

1.20
ʔuyaaqƛaħ 
ʔuyi 
when 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I will do when 
hininyuħšiƛ 
hininyuħšiƛ 
come to visit 
being on a visit 
ʔaħn̉ii 
ʔaħn̉ii 
that 
that 
ħiin̉aakqas 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
get my quartz 
hawiiʔak̉iikquuk 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
yours will have finished 
ƛ̉uukʷiɬ 
ƛ̉uukʷiɬ 
dry fish 
drying fish 
yaqčiʔatħʔitqak 
yaqčiʔatħ 
neighbour 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
who are your neighbours 
c̉uʔičħšiʔiikquu 
c̉uʔičħšiƛ 
become winter 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when winter will come 
waaƛaa 
waa 
say 
=ƛaa 
also 
they also said 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
speaking 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

"I shall come get my quartz when you and your neighbours have finished drying salmon, when winter comes" the wolves also said.

1.21
suuʔaƛ 
suu 
hold 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he held it 
teeʔisim 
teeʔisim 
Beach-Pole 
Beach-Pole 
ħiin̉eʔi 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the quartz 
. 

Beach-Pole held the quartz.

1.22
huptaaʔap̉aƛ 
huptaa 
be hiding 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he had hidden it 
. 

He had it hidden.
pg. 3 begins below

1.23
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then 
n̉uššiʔaƛ 
n̉uššiƛ 
distribute property 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
handed out 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
muyiiq 
muyiiq 
eighty 
eighty 
ƛ̉isaɬ 
ƛ̉isaˑɬ 
blanket 
blankets 
. 

Then I distributed eighty blankets among the Huupachas People.

1.24
ʔuʔiipsi 
ʔuʔiip 
give to 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I gave to 
ħayu 
ħayu 
ten 
ten 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
muu 
muu 
four 
four 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
. 

I potlatched to fourteen Huupachas men and women.

1.25
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
w̉aqʔuqkʷačiʔaƛ 
w̉aqʔuqkʷačiƛ 
leave a feast 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they left the feast 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

Then the Tsishaa and Huupachas Tribes left the feast.

1.26
c̉uʔičħšiʔaƛ 
c̉uʔičħšiƛ 
become winter 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it became winter 
. 

Winter came.

1.27
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finished 
ƛ̉uukʷiɬ 
ƛ̉uukʷiɬ 
dry fish 
drying fish 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

The Tsishaa and Huupachas finished drying salmon.

1.28
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then 
ƛ̉iiʔiɬʔaƛƛaa 
ƛ̉iiʔiɬ 
feast 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again gave a feast 
. 

Again I gave a feast.

1.29
huumaqƛ̉iʔaƛsiƛaa 
huumaqƛ̉iƛ 
invite all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I again invited all 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
hiỷaacsnup 
hicsnup 
spouses together.pl 
spouses together 
. 

I again invited all the Huupachas and Tsishaa people, wives and all.

1.30
suuʔaƛ 
suu 
hold 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he held it 
p̉acsaakum 
p̉acsaakum 
potlatch handle 
potlatch handle 
teeʔisim 
teeʔisim 
Beach-Pole 
Beach-Pole 
. 

Beach-Pole was holding a potlatch handle.

1.31
nuuʔiʔaƛsi 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I started singing 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
. 

I started singing a song:

1.32
|| 
winaapiis 
winaapiis 
ħiixʷayii 
hiiƛ̉aa 
wiwiikinɬuk 
ħaatħaakʷaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman.pl 
young women 
maatmaayiis 
hiyaaha 
maatmas 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
maatmas 
yee 
yee 
yonder 
yonder 
hiyaaha 
maatmas 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
maatmas 
yee 
yee 
yonder 
yonder 
hayii 
hahee 
hihiihuhuu 
huu 
huu 
ho 
huu 
||. 

"Stay on the beach you dentalia so that the girls of the tribes may wear nothing on their necks."

1.33
ʔaħkuu 
ʔaħkuu 
this 
this 
ʔuuʔiƛsi 
ʔuuʔiƛ1 
go for 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I took up 
nuuʔiƛ 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
he started singing 
. 

This song I took up.

1.34
hisaawist̉atħʔaƛma 
Esowista 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is the Hisaawista 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
p̉ač̉aksmaʕaqaỷak 
p̉ač̉aksmaʕaqaỷakʷ 
gift scramble song 
gift scramble song 
. 

It is a gift scramble song of the Hisaawista tribe.
pg. 4 begins here

1.35
ciqšiʔaƛƛaa 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
he spoke again 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
hawiiʔaƛqin 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qin 
1p.REL 
when we were finished 
nunuuk 
DUP- 
REP 
nuuk 
sing 
singing 
. 

Big Joe spoke again when we were through singing.

1.36
čimpiʔaƛ̉i 
čimpiƛ 
get ready 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
get ready! 
maatmees 
maʔas 
tribe 
-ee 
VOC 
Oh tribes 
c̉išaaʔeetħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
-ee 
VOC 
O Tsishaa people! 
c̉ic̉išaʔaqsɔɔp 
DUP- 
PL 
Tsishaath woman 
-ee 
VOC 
Oh Tsishaa women! 
huupač̉asʔeetħ 
Huupachas people 
-ee 
VOC 
O Huupachas tribe! 
huuhuupač̉asʔaqsɔɔp 
DUP- 
SUF 
huupač̉asʔaqsup 
Huupachas woman 
-ee 
VOC 
O Huupachas women! 
pisatukʔaaqƛ̉ap̉ateʔic 
pisatuk 
play 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
he will have you playing 
teeʔisim 
teeʔisim 
Beach-Pole 
Beach-Pole 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
spoke 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
. 

"Get set, you tribes, Tsishaa men and women, Huupachas men and women, Beach-Pole will have you play," Big Joe said.

1.37
suuʔaƛ 
suu 
hold 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he held it 
teeʔisim 
teeʔisim 
Beach-Pole 
Beach-Pole 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
ħayuqumỷaqƛn̉uk 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
having ten in the hand 
čimcaasʔatʔi 
čimcaas 
right hand 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his right hand 
kʷikʷinksu 
kʷikʷinksu 
hand 
hand 
ʔuỷak 
ʔuỷakʷ 
used for 
for 
čaakupiiħ 
čakup 
man.pl 
men 
. 

Beach-Pole had ten dollars in his right hand for the men.

1.38
suč̉aqimỷaqƛn̉uk̉ʷaƛ 
suč̉a 
five 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he had five in his hand 
qacaasʔi 
qaccaas 
left hand 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
left hand 
kʷikʷinksu 
kʷikʷinksu 
hand 
hand 
. 

He had five dollars in his left hand.

1.39
ʔuỷak̉aƛ 
ʔuỷakʷ 
used for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was for 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
. 

That was for the women.

1.40
suuʔaƛ 
suu 
hold 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he held it 
p̉acsaakum 
p̉acsaakum 
potlatch handle 
potlatch handle 
taklas 
taklas 
Douglas 
Douglas 
čapxʷiic̉aqƛn̉uk 
čapxʷ 
man 
-iic 
belong to 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
in the hand for the men 
. 

Douglas had the potlatch handle for the men in his hand.

1.41
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he also did now 
yuuk̉um 
yuuk̉um 
Yuukum 
Yuukum 
suu 
suu 
hold 
holding 
p̉acsaakum 
p̉acsaakum 
potlatch handle 
potlatch handle 
ɬučiic̉aqƛn̉uk̉ʷaƛ 
ɬuč 
woman 
-iic 
belong to 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was in his hand belonging to women 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
. 

And Yuukum was holding the potlatch handle for the women.

1.42
ciqsaap̉aƛsiƛaa 
ciqsaap 
have s.o. speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I had him speak again 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
. 

I had Big Joe speak again.
pg. 5 begins below

1.43
ħaayuqumỷiiħʔaaqƛeʔic 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you will go after ten 
čaakupeeħ 
čakup 
man.pl 
-ee 
VOC 
men 
yaqʔaaqƛiik 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
who will be 
hiniiswaħsuɬ 
hiniis 
go along 
-waħsuɬ 
exit ... 
take it out of (the crowd) 
p̉acsaakumʔi 
p̉acsaakum 
potlatch handle 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the potlatch handle 
yaqiik 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
the one who will be 
našuk 
našuk 
strong 
strong 
. 

"You men, whichever strong one among you brings the potlatch handle out (of the crowd) will win ten dollars.

1.44
ỷuuqʷaaʔaaqƛeʔic 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you will also do 
suuč̉aqimỷiiħ 
suč̉a 
five 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
go after five 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
ɬuucsaameeħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
-ee 
VOC 
you women 
yaqʔaaqƛiik 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
who will do 
hiniiswaħsuɬ 
hiniis 
go along 
-waħsuɬ 
exit ... 
take it out of (the crowd) 
p̉acsaakumʔi 
p̉acsaakum 
potlatch handle 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the potlatch handle 
yaqiik 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
the one who will be 
našuk 
našuk 
strong 
strong 
waaʔap̉aƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had him say now 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
. 

And you women, whichever strong one among you brings the potlatch handle out will win five dollars", I had Big Joe say.

1.45
nuuʔiʔaƛniƛaa 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
again we started singing 
nuukʔi 
nuuk 
song 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the song 
. 

Again we sang the song.

1.46
huuɬšiʔaƛʔaɬ 
huɬšiƛ 
dance 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔaɬ 
PL 
they began to dance now 
taklas 
taklas 
Douglas 
Douglas 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
yuuk̉um 
yuuk̉um 
Yuukum 
Yuukum 
qʷiiqʷiipaɬšiiɬʔaƛ 
qʷiiqʷiipaɬ 
pass by e.o. 
-šiiɬ 
ITER [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
passing each other repeatedly 
. 

Douglas and Yuukum began to dance, passing each other repeatedly.

1.47
ʔeʔimʔap̉aƛ 
ʔeʔim 
as soon as 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
as soon as it did 
nuʔatu 
nuʔatu 
stop singing 
stopped singing 
t̉ičiʔaƛ 
t̉ičiƛ 
throw 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he threw in 
taklas 
taklas 
Douglas 
Douglas 
yaʕaqƛn̉ukʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
which was in his hand 
p̉acsaakum 
p̉acsaakum 
potlatch handle 
potlatch handle 
. 

As soon as the song ended, Douglas threw the potlatch handle he was holding among the men.

1.48
t̉iiqstiinup̉aƛ 
t̉iiqstiinawup 
throw among 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he threw it among 
čaakupiiħʔi 
čakup 
man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the men 
. 

He threw it among the men.

1.49
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he also did now 
yuuk̉um 
yuuk̉um 
Yuukum 
Yuukum 
t̉ičiƛ 
t̉ičiƛ 
throw 
throwing 
yaʕaqƛn̉ukʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
which was in his hand 
p̉acsaakum 
p̉acsaakum 
potlatch handle 
potlatch handle 
t̉iiqstiinup̉aƛ 
t̉iiqstiinawup 
throw among 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he threw it among 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ɬuucsaamiiħʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the women 
. 

And Yuukum also threw his potlatch handle among the women.

1.50
č̉iiʕaqiičiʔaƛ 
č̉iiʕaqiičiƛ 
start fighting 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started fighting 
čaakupiiħʔi 
čakup 
man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the men 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

The Tsishaa and Huupachas men began to struggle.

1.51
p̉ač̉aksmaʕaqiičiʔaƛ 
p̉ač̉aksmaʕaqiičiƛ 
scramble for potlatch gift 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they scrambled for a potlatch gift 
ʔuuciičiƛʔaaqƛ 
ʔuuciičiƛ 
get 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
they would get it 
ħayuqumɬʔi 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ten 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
yaqʔaaqƛii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(y)iˑ 
... time 
who it should be 
hiniicswaħsuɬ 
hiniicswaħsuɬ 
bring out 
bringing out 
p̉acsaakumʔi 
p̉acsaakum 
potlatch handle 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the potlatch handle 
. 

They scrambled for the prize, the ten dollars for the one who brought out the potlatch handle.
pg. 6 begins here

1.52
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they also did now 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
c̉ic̉išaʔaqsup 
DUP- 
PL 
c̉išaaʔaqsup 
Tsishaath woman 
Tsishaa women 
huuhuupač̉asʔaqsup 
DUP- 
PL 
huupač̉asʔaqsup 
Huupachas woman 
Huupachas women 
č̉iiʕaqiičiʔaƛ 
č̉iiʕaqiičiƛ 
start fighting 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started fighting 
p̉ač̉aksmaʕaqiičiʔaƛ 
p̉ač̉aksmaʕaqiičiƛ 
scramble for potlatch gift 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they scrambled for a potlatch gift 
ʔuuciičiƛʔaaqƛ 
ʔuuciičiƛ 
get 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
to get it 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
suč̉aqimɬʔi 
suč̉a 
five 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the five  
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
yaqʔaaqƛii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(y)iˑ 
... time 
who it should be 
hiniicswaħsuɬ 
hiniicswaħsuɬ 
bring out 
bringing out 
p̉acsaakumʔi 
p̉acsaakum 
potlatch handle 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the potlatch handle 
. 

The Tsishaa and Huupachas women also began to struggle for who would bring out the potlatch handle, scrambling for the five dollar prize.

1.53
n̉ačiitanak̉aƛsi 
n̉ačiitanakʷ 
have a referee 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had a referee 
yaqʔaaqƛii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(y)iˑ 
... time 
who it should be 
hiniicswaħsuɬ 
hiniicswaħsuɬ 
bring out 
bringing out 
p̉acsaakumm̉inħʔi 
p̉acsaakum 
potlatch handle 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the potlatch handles 
. 

I had a referee to see who would bring the potlatch handles out.

1.54
waaɬčuuʔaƛuksi 
waaɬ 
say 
-čuˑ 
having ...-ed 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I told them 
ʔaniƛii 
ʔaniƛ 
so that 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
that 
wik 
wik 
not 
not 
ɬačiƛ 
ɬačiƛ 
give up 
give up 
yaqʕiʔatikisuu 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ʕiƛ 
find 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
-(y)iisuu 
2p.INDF.REL 
the one who would be holding it when they did so 
p̉acsaakumʔi 
p̉acsaakum 
potlatch handle 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the potlatch handle 
w̉ačiʔiikquu 
w̉ačiƛ 
attack 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they would attack 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

I had told them beforehand that whoever was holding the potlatch handle should not let go of it when the wolves attacked.

1.55
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they also now 
ɬuucsaamiiħʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the women 
waaɬčuu 
waaɬ 
say 
-čuˑ 
having ...-ed 
they were told 
. 

The women too were told beforehand.

1.56
ʔamaʔaastip̉aƛ̉at 
ʔamaʔaas 
in act of doing 
-(š)tiˑp 
do to while... 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
if they did so as they were in the midst of doing 
č̉iiʕaqa 
č̉iiʕaqa 
fight 
fighting 
p̉ač̉aksmaʕaqa 
p̉ač̉aksmaʕaqa 
scramble for potlatch gift 
scrambling for gifts 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

The wolves attacked just as they were in the midst of struggling for the prize.

1.57
puuyiiʔiʔaƛ 
puuyiiʔiƛ 
rush into house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they rushed into the house 
hisiiʔiƛ 
hisiiʔiƛ 
enter house 
they entered the house 
hiɬst̉uʕasʔi 
hiɬst̉uʕas1 
back of the house 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the back of the house 
. 

They came running in at the back of the house.

1.58
n̉iƛkʷaqšiʔaƛ 
n̉iƛkʷaqšiƛ 
be excited 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they became excited 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
hitačinkšiʔaƛ 
hitačinkšiƛ 
fight 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
fighting with them 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
puuyiiʔiƛ 
puuyiiʔiƛ 
rush into house 
rushing into the house 
. 

The people were in a turmoil fighting the wolves who had run in.
pg. 7 begins below

1.59
k̉aħšiƛ 
k̉aħšiƛ 
burst 
it burst open 
hiɬst̉uʕasʔi 
hiɬst̉uʕas1 
back of the house 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the back of the house 
maħt̉iiʔakitqas 
maħt̉ii 
house 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
which was my house 
n̉iƛ̉iiƛ 
n̉iƛ̉iiƛ 
fall onto ground 
fall onto ground 
č̉itmeʔi 
č̉itma 
wall board 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
wall boards 
. 

The back of my house broke open, the wall boards fell back on the ground.

1.60
ħaaʔuqħšiiɬqa 
ħaaʔuuqħšiiɬ 
take turns 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it changed hands 
suu 
suu 
hold 
holding 
p̉acsaakumʔi 
p̉acsaakum 
potlatch handle 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the potlatch handle 
hiinaaħinʔaaɬst̉aɬ 
hinaaħin 
deprive of 
-ʔaaɬ2 
at intervals 
-(c,k)st̉aɬ 
reciprocally 
they keep taking away from each other 
. 

The potlatch handle changes hands repeatedly, they keep taking it away from each other.

1.61
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
saač̉iyiiƛ 
saač̉a 
permanently 
-ˀiƛ 
take [L] 
get hold of it for good 
sukʷiƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
grab 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
there 
there 
yaaqʷapiseʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-api1 
SUPER [L] 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who is precisely the most 
našuk 
našuk 
strong 
strong 
. 

The one who is the strongest gets it and holds on for good.

1.62
m̉eeʔiʔaƛ̉at 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
bite away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were bitten away 
siixuuɬmiik 
siixuuɬmiikʷ 
Soreface-Hunter 
Douglas 
hicsnup 
hicsnup 
spouses together 
the spouses together 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
hiixuqʕinʔis 
hiixuqʕinʔis 
Alex Thomas 
Alex Thomas 
wikỷuuštip̉at 
wikỷuu 
not yet 
-(š)tiˑp 
do to while... 
-ˀat 
PASS 
not yet being 
hiinuumaɬ 
hiinuumaɬ 
be born 
be born 
ʔiqsuuqƛ̉at 
ʔiqsuuqƛ 
still in womb 
-ˀat 
PASS 
being still in the womb 
ʔiiqħii 
ʔiiqħii 
still 
still 
. 

Douglas and his wife and Alex, still unborn in his mother's womb, were captured by the wolves.

1.63
ʕasp̉awiʔaƛ 
ʕasp̉awiƛ 
pay 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was paid 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
yaqʕiʔatʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ʕiƛ 
find 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who was found to be 
suu 
suu 
hold 
holding 
p̉acsaakumʔi 
p̉acsaakum 
potlatch handle 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the potlatch handle 
našukʔi 
našuk 
strong 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the strong one 
. 

The strong fellow who was found to be still holding the potlatch handle was paid.

1.64
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
it was 
suu 
suu 
hold 
holding 
yaqukʷitii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
the one who was 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
ʔuuciičiʔaƛ 
ʔuuciičiƛ 
get 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he got 
ħayuqumɬʔi 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ten 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
. 

It was the chief of the Huupachas, and he received the ten dollars.

1.65
ʔuħʕiʔat 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ʕiƛ 
find 
-ˀat 
PASS 
she was found 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
suu 
suu 
hold 
holding 
činii 
činii 
Jenny 
Jenny 
huupač̉asʔaqsup 
huupač̉asʔaqsup 
Huupachas woman 
Huupachas woman 
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
also now 
ʔuuciičiƛ 
ʔuuciičiƛ 
get 
got 
suč̉aqimɬʔi 
suč̉a 
five 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the five  
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
. 

And the Huupachas woman, Jinny, also won the five dollars.

1.66
waaɬčuuckʷapsi 
waaɬčuuckʷap 
give instructions to ... 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had given instructions to them 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa men 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
c̉ic̉išaʔaqsup 
DUP- 
PL 
c̉išaaʔaqsup 
Tsishaath woman 
Tsishaa women 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
so that 
that 
ʔaanaħisaquu 
ʔaanaħi 
just 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they should only do 
hiisimỷaqsta 
his(t) 
LOC 
-maɬ 
move about 
-ˀaˑqsta 
among [L] 
move about among them  
wikquu 
wik 
not 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they should not 
saač̉iyiiƛ 
saač̉a 
permanently 
-ˀiƛ 
take [L] 
take hold of it for good 
sukʷiƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
grabbing 
p̉acsaakum 
p̉acsaakum 
potlatch handle 
potlatch handle 
ʔuħʔapquu 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they should make them do 
suu 
suu 
hold 
holding 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
qʷeʔinʔaƛ 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀin4 
treated as 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
treat them thus 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ɬučħaaʔaƛquus 
ɬučħaa 
go for marriage 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
when I go for marriage 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
qʷiʔaqsupʔitq 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ˀaqsup 
... woman 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
to which his woman was 
siixuuɬmiik 
siixuuɬmiikʷ 
Soreface-Hunter 
Douglas 
ʔucħi 
ʔucħi 
married to 
married to 
. 

I had told the Tsishaa men and women only to mill around and not to hold on to the potlatch handle, that they should allow the Huupachas people to have it, because I was as though married to the Huupachas Tribe, to which Douglas' wife belonged.
pg. 8 begins above

1.67
yaqʷinƛqas 
yaqʷaanaw̉iƛ 
it is for that reason 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
so for that reason I did 
ʔuħʔap̉aƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
made them be 
suu 
suu 
hold 
holding 
p̉acsaakumm̉inħʔi 
p̉acsaakum 
potlatch handle 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the potlatch handles 
. 

That was why I let them have the potlatch handles.

1.68
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiʔaƛsi 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛ 
plead with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then pleaded with him 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ħaw̉iɬukʷitqin 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qin 
1p.REL 
who was our late chief 
ħaayuupinuuɬit 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
-(m)it 
former 
the late Brings-ten-on-his-back 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
neeʔičiiħšiʔaƛquu 
neeʔičiiħšiƛ 
try to hear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
trying to hear now 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
c̉iiqšiʔaƛquu 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
starting to chant 
. 

I then pleaded with our late chief, Brings-ten-on-his-back, to try to hear the wolves and to start to chant.

1.69
ʔaƛqimɬicsħsi 
CVƛdup- 
REP 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-iics 
take ... along 
-(q)ħsiˑ 
serve ... purpose 
I paid him two for doing so 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
ħap̉itʕaƛ̉ap̉at 
ħap̉itʕaƛ 
make a sound the full number of times 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was made to sing that many times 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
muup̉it 
muup̉it 
four times 
four times 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
sing secret chant 
. 

I paid the chief two dollars for singing the secret chant that many times, four times in all.

1.70
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ̉at 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-ˀat 
PASS 
and then they did 
neʔiičiʔaƛ̉at 
neʔiičiƛ 
hear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
heard 
huħšiʔaƛ 
huħšiƛ 
howl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they howled 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

And then they heard the wolves howl.

1.71
histʕaƛ̉aƛ 
his(t) 
LOC 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
there were sounds coming out 
c̉iiqʕaƛ 
c̉iiqʕaƛ 
sing a secret chant 
singing a secret chant 
naʔaaʔat 
naʔaˑ 
hear 
-ˀat 
PASS 
heard 
siixuuɬmiik 
siixuuɬmiikʷ 
Soreface-Hunter 
Douglas 
. 

Then they heard Douglas Thomas singing a secret chant.

1.72
hiiỷaaqstaƛ 
hiiỷaaqsta 
amongst 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was among them 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

He was among the wolves.
pg. 9 begins below

1.73
|| 
hiihiihiiʔihiiyi 
hiiš 

ƛukʷana 
ʔi 
ʔi 
ee! 
Ee 
hii 
hii 
hii 
hii 
hii 
hii 
hii 
hii 
ʔuħʔuuħʔaƛuuk̉ʷiim 
č̉iħawa 
ʔaanayiƛayiik 
t̉iqw̉aanasʔaap̉aat 
ʔuħʔaat 
ʔeʔiiħʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the big ones 
qʷayaŋaac̉iyiik 
wayii 
hiiyihiiš 
ƛukʷana 
hihiihi 
||. 

"Hehesh, wolf ritual. Have them going for spirit power, so you will be made to sit on the middle of their backs by the big wolves."
cf. R& S no. 67 (vii F 78). Tsiikaa song, sung by Douglas Thomas, Tsishaa. Hisaawista tupaati used in wolf ritual at night or when the wolves are in the bush out of sight.

1.74
ʔaħkuu 
ʔaħkuu 
thus 
thus 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
sing 
he sang 
siixuuɬmiik 
siixuuɬmiikʷ 
Douglas Thomas 
Douglas 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing a secret chant 
hiiỷaaqstaqħʔaƛ 
hiiỷaaqsta 
amongst 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
while among them 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

Douglas was chanting this one while among the wolves.

1.75
hisaawist̉atħiic 
Esowista 
-iic 
belong to 
it belongs to the Hisaawista 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
. 

It is a chant belonging to the Hisaawista Tribe.

1.76
ʔeʔimʔap̉aƛ̉atquu 
ʔeʔim 
at first 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
each time he did 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
be silent 
stopped 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing the secret chant 
siixuuɬmiik 
siixuuɬmiikʷ 
Soreface-Hunter 
Douglas 
maasuuɬšiʔaƛquu 
maasuɬšiƛ 
howl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would howl 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

Each time Douglas stopped singing, the wolves would howl.

1.77
hiɬaasħỷakukʷitweʔin 
hiɬaas 
be on a surface 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ỷakʷ 
tool 
-uk 
IMPF 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
his was for doing so on it 
saayaač̉apisitč̉a 
saayaač̉apis 
High-on-the-Beach 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
he who was called High-on-the-Beach 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
hisaawist̉atħ 
hisaawist̉atħ 
Esowista people 
Esowista 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
sing 
singing 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
sing secret chant 
susaaʔaƛukquu 
susaa 
be swimming 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it was swimming 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
very 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolf 
. 

It was a song to chant while on the big wolf as it swam; it had belonged to the Esowista chief, called according to legend, High-above-Beach.

1.78
c̉iiqšiʔaƛ 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started singing 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa men 
c̉ic̉išaʔaqsup 
DUP- 
PL 
c̉išaaʔaqsup 
Tsishaath woman 
Tsishaa women 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas men 
huuhuupač̉asʔaqsup 
DUP- 
PL 
huupač̉asʔaqsup 
Huupachas woman 
Huupachas women 
ʔaat 
ʔaat 
even he 
even they 
t̉aatn̉eʔisʔi 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the little children 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing secret chant 
neʔiičiʔaƛ̉atʔitq 
neʔiičiƛ 
hear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when he would be heard 
siixuuɬmiik 
siixuuɬmiikʷ 
Soreface-Hunter 
Douglas 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing secret chant 
. 

Then, when Douglas was heard chanting, the Tsishaa men and women and the Huupachas men and women and even the little children started chanting.
pg. 10 begins here

1.79
c̉isqʔatap̉aƛquu 
c̉isqʔatap 
tear off 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
she would tear off 
qicaaɬ 
qicaaɬ 
calico 
calico 
wiicaħ 
wiicaħw̉iɬim 
Mrs. Tom Sayachapis 
Witsah 
ɬuucsmaakqas 
ɬuucsma 
wife 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my wife 
ʔaƛỷaɬʔatap 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ỷaɬ 
... fathoms 
-ʔatu(q)2 
fall off 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
tear off two fathoms 
. 

Wiitsah, my wife, would tear off two fathoms of calico.

1.80
t̉apw̉anup̉aƛquu 
t̉apw̉anup 
put on belt 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would put on like a belt 
c̉iiqšiʔaƛquu 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
starting to chant 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
ħaatħaakʷaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman.pl 
young women 
. 

She would have the women and girls put it on like belts, and they would chant.

1.81
ʔaatħšiʔaƛ 
ʔaatħšiƛ 
become night 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
night fell 
. 

Night fell.

1.82
w̉aƛw̉ačšiʔaƛ 
w̉aƛw̉ačšiƛ 
attack at intervals 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
attack from time to time 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

The wolves began to attack from time to time.

1.83
m̉eeʔiʔaƛ̉at 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
bite away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was bitten away 
waštqaʔa 
waštqaʔa 
Frank Williams 
Frank Williams 
m̉eeʔiʔaƛ̉at 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
bite away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was bitten away 
siiỷamqas 
siiỷam 
Siiyam 
-(q)aˑs2 
... daughter 
daughter of Mrs. Williams 
. 

Frank Williams and the daughter of Mrs. Williams were captured.

1.84
puuyiiʔiʔaƛquu 
puuyiiʔiƛ 
rush into house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would run into the house 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
w̉ačiƛ 
w̉ačiƛ 
attack 
attacking 
. 

The wolves would run into the house in a bunch and attack.

1.85
ʔeʔimʔap̉aƛ̉atqun 
ʔeʔim 
at first 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
they would do as soon as we do 
wiikyaapuƛ 
wiikyaapuƛ 
quiet down 
quiet down 
t̉it̉iqpiʔaƛqun 
DUP- 
DIST 
t̉iqpiƛ 
sit on floor 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
when we would get to sit down 
huuʔasʔaƛquuƛaa 
huʔaas 
once again 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
=ƛaa 
again 
once again they would do so 
w̉ačiƛ 
w̉ačiƛ 
attack 
attacking 
. 

They would attack once again each time as soon as we quieted down.

1.86
pukʷiʔaƛquu 
pukʷiƛ 
run in group 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would run 
humaqƛ 
humaqƛ 
all together 
all 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
sač̉itc̉inƛ 
sač̉itc̉inƛ 
go to one end of house 
run to one end of house 
hiicħinħseʔi 
hiicħinħsa 
front side of house toward river 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
front side of the house toward the river 
. 

All the men and women would run to the front end of the house toward the river.

1.87
čučupiʔaƛquu 
DUP- 
SUF 
čuupiƛ 
lie face down on floor 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would lie face down on the floor 
čaani 
čaani 
for a while 
for a while 
waaƛquu 
waaƛ 
then 
-quu1 
3.CND 
then they would do 
m̉eeʔiʔaƛ 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
bite away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
the ones bitten away 
hitačinkšiʔaƛ 
hitačinkšiƛ 
fight 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they start fighting with them 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

The initiates would lie face down on the floor for a moment and then attack the wolves.

1.88
hiy 
hiy 
hiy! 
Hiy! 
puuyaasʔaƛquuƛaa 
puuyaas 
run outside as group 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
=ƛaa 
again 
they would run outside again 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

My! the wolves would run outside again.

1.89
huʔasiik̉aƛqunƛaa 
huʔasiikʷ 
repair 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
=ƛaa 
again 
we would again repair it 
č̉itmeʔi 
č̉itma 
wall board 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
wall boards 
č̉itsaap 
č̉itsaap 
set up wall 
set up wall 
hiɬst̉uʕasʔi 
hiɬst̉uʕas1 
back of the house 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the back of the house 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
takp̉it 
takp̉it 
each time 
each time 
k̉aħyaʕasʔap 
k̉aħyaʕasʔap 
break open 
break open 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
w̉ačiʔaƛquu 
w̉ačiƛ 
attack 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they would attack 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

We would again repair the wall, putting the boards up at the back of the house, because each time the wolves would break open the house when they attacked.
pg. 11 begins above

1.90
qiic̉ukʷiʔaƛ 
qiic̉ukʷiƛ 
do until late at night 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it then got to be late 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
huʔaasʔaƛƛaa 
huʔaas 
once again 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
once again 
w̉ačiƛ 
w̉ačiƛ 
attack 
they attacked 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
m̉eeʔiʔaƛ̉at 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
bite away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was bitten away 
čaan tik 
čaan tik 
John Dick 
John Dick 
m̉eeʔiʔaƛ̉at 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
bite away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
she was bitten away 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
yaqukʷitii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
the one who was 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
daughter 
m̉aam̉iiqsu 
m̉aam̉iiqsu 
older child 
eldest child 
čeeksin 
čeeksin 
Jackson Dan 
Jackson 
yaqcħimtʔitq 
yaqcħi 
spouse 
-(m)it 
former 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the former spouse 
. 

Late at night the wolves attacked again, capturing John Dick and the eldest daughter of the late Mrs. Jackson.

1.91
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiʔaƛ̉at 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛ 
plead with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was pleaded with 
yaqukʷitii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
the one who was 
taayii 
taayii 
older brother 
senior 
čeek kuk 
čeek kuk 
Jack Cook 
Jack Cook 
qaaqaamiɬšquu 
qaaqaamiɬš 
trapping 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that he trapped 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

Then Jack Cook's older brother was begged to trap the wolves.

1.92
ʔuut̉iʔiɬap̉aƛ̉at 
ʔuut̉iʔiɬap 
make s.o. imitate 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they made him imitate 
yaqukʷitii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
the one who was 
naniiqsu 
naniiqsu 
grandparent 
grandfather 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔuucitqa 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it had belonged to him 
tupaati 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
ceremonial privilege 
qaamiiɬỷak 
qaamiiɬỷakʷ 
trap 
trap 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
ʔuʔuʔiiħỷak 
ʔuʔuuʔiiħỷakʷ2 
hunting implement 
hunting implement 
yaqukʷitii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
the one who was 
n̉uw̉iiqsu 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
father 
n̉uw̉iiqsakit 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
his late father 
čeek kuk 
čeek kuk 
Jack Cook 
Jack Cook 
caaɬwaanux 
caaɬwaanux 
Tsahlwanuh 
Tsahlwanuh 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
name 
. 

They had him emulate his grandfather, because the right to trap wolves had belonged to Jack Cook's father's father, named Tsahlwanuh.

1.93
ʔinxiičiƛšiʔaƛ 
ʔinxiičiƛšiƛ 
start to get ready 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he started to get ready 
meʔiƛqacʔi 
meʔiƛqac 
boy 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the boy 
. 

The boy started to get ready.

1.94
qaaqaamiɬšw̉it̉asʔaƛ 
qaaqaamiɬš 
trapping 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was going to trap them 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
humaqƛ̉aƛuk 
humaqƛ 
all together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
they were all together his 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ƛičaa 
ƛičaˑ 
steersman 
steersman 
. 

He was going to trap wolves and all the people were his steersmen.
pg. 12 begins here

1.95
qam̉itaʕasʔaƛ 
qam̉itaʕas 
go to set trap 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went to set the trap 
qaamiiɬỷakukʔi 
qaamiiɬỷakʷ 
trap 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the trap for 
q̉aanaaƛ̉a 
q̉aanaaƛ̉a 
wolf 
wolf 
ʔuʔuʔiiħỷak 
ʔuʔuuʔiiħỷakʷ2 
hunting implement 
hunting implement 
. 

They went to set the wolf trap.

1.96
n̉iƛaak̉aƛ 
n̉iƛaakʷ 
be excited 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were excited 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

The Tsishaa and Huupachas were excited.

1.97
hitačink̉aƛ 
hitačinkʷ 
fight 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they fought against them 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

They fought against the wolves.

1.98
wiinapiɬʔaƛ 
wiinapiɬ 
stay in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they stayed in the house 
ʔaaneʔitq 
ʔana 
thus much 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
thus much 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
wik̉iitqħ 
wik̉iit 
non-existent 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
they did not 
waɬšiƛ 
waɬšiƛ 
go home 
go home 
. 

All night long they stayed in the house and no one went home.

1.99
qam̉itaʕasʔaƛ 
qam̉itaʕas 
go to set trap 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he went to set the trap 
qaamiiɬỷakukʔi 
qaamiiɬỷakʷ 
trap 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his trap 
meʔiƛqacʔi 
meʔiƛqac 
boy 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the boy 
humaqƛink̉aƛ 
humaqƛinkʷ 
all together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all together 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

The boy went to set his trap along with all the men.

1.100
ʔucačiʔaƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went to 
hiniiỷuʔasʔi 
hiniiỷuʔas 
up-river end 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the upriver end 
qam̉itaʕas 
qam̉itaʕas 
go to set trap 
go to set trap 
ʔatħiiʔi 
ʔatħii 
night 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
at night 
. 

They went to the up-river end of the village to set the trap at night.

1.101
hiʔak̉ap̉at 
hiʔakʷ 
still doing so 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
do so to them while they were still at it 
qaam̉itap 
qaam̉itap 
set traps 
setting traps 
qaamiiɬỷakukʔi 
qaamiiɬỷakʷ 
trap 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the trap for 
huħšiʔaƛ 
huħšiƛ 
howl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they howled 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

The wolves howled while they were still setting the traps.

1.102
ʔuucaħtaksa 
ʔuucaħtaksa 
and then 
and then 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
bite away 
they bit him away 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
refer to 
qaam̉itapʔi 
qaam̉itap 
set traps 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who was setting the trap 
. 

Immediately the wolves bit away the one who was setting the trap.

1.103
qʷicačiƛ 
qʷicačiƛ 
go to swh 
they fled 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
šaw̉eʔii 
šaw̉aaʔa 
flee 
-ʔii 
go to 
fleeing 
pukʷiƛ 
pukʷiƛ 
run in group 
running in a group 
. 

The people fled, running in a group.

1.104
ƛaawasʔiiħʔaƛ 
ƛaawasʔiiħ 
follow closely behind 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they followed closely behind 
puʔak 
puʔakʷ 
run as group 
running as group 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

The wolves followed closely after them, running as a group.
pg. 13 begins here

1.105
puʔakʷačiʔaƛ 
puuʔakʷačiƛ 
run away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they ran away 
qaam̉itamitʔi 
qam̉ita 
set trap 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who had been setting the trap 
qaamiiɬỷak 
qaamiiɬỷakʷ 
trap 
trap 
quqʷaas 
quuʔas 
person.pl 
people 
puuyiiʔiƛ 
puuyiiʔiƛ 
rush into house 
they ran into house 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
šaw̉eʔii 
šaw̉aaʔa 
flee 
-ʔii 
go to 
fleeing 
maħt̉iiʔakitqas 
maħt̉ii 
house 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
which was my house 
ƛawas 
ƛawas 
follow 
they followed 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
puuyiiʔiƛ 
puuyiiʔiƛ 
rush into house 
running into the house 
. 

The Tsishaa men who had been setting the trap all fled into my house with the wolves close behind running into the house.

1.106
m̉eeʔiʔat 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
bite away 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were bitten away 
qaaqaamiɬšitʔi 
qaaqaamiɬš 
trapping 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who were trapping 
miiỷiʔat 
miiỷiƛ2 
take both 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they took both of them 
ʕiik 
ʕiikʷ 
pair of brothers 
pair of brothers 
m̉eeʔiʔaƛ̉at 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
bite away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
she was bitten away 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ħaakʷaaƛukʷitqas 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my late daughter 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ʕiʕičħta 
ʕiʕičħta 
Rotten-feet 
Peter Kiishkisha 
ħaakʷaaƛukʷitʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
daughter 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
pilip taamii 
pilip taamii 
Philip Tommy 
Philip Tommy 
ʔumʔiiqsakitʔi 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his former mother 
. 

The one who was trapping and his brother were captured, also my late daughter, the late daughter of Peter Kiishkisha and the late mother of Philip Tommy.

1.107
suuč̉iiʔaƛ̉at 
suč̉a 
five 
-ˀiƛ 
take [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
five were taken 
m̉eeʔiʔat 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
bite away 
-ˀat 
PASS 
bitten away 
. 

Five were taken away.

1.108
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
also now 
m̉eeʔiʔat 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
bite away 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was bitten away 
čimii santu 
čimii santu 
Jimmy Santo 
Jimmy Santo 
. 

Jimmy Santo, too, was captured.

1.109
ʔiiqħšiʔaƛ 
ʔiiqħšiƛ 
tell 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he told them 
ʕimtšiʔat 
ʕimtšiʔat 
Tutuutsh 
Tutuutsh 
n̉uw̉iiqsakitʔi 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the late father of 
ʕiʕičħta 
ʕiʕičħta 
Rotten-feet 
Peter Kiishkisha 
ʔumitaqšiʔaƛ 
ʔuumitaqšiƛ 
tell about 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he told them about 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuʔaɬħtimqħʔatqaʔaɬ 
ʔuʔaɬħtim 
hit s.o. with trap 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
=ʔaɬ 
PL 
that they had hit him 
qamaɬħtim 
qamaɬħtim 
hit with trap 
hit him with the trap 
ħaw̉iɬukʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-uk 
IMPF 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief of 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

Then Tutuutsh, Peter Kishkisha's father, told them that they had hit the wolf-chief with the trap.

1.110
ʔuunuuƛqa 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that is why 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
very 
very 
wiiʕaqstuƛ 
wiiʕaqstawiƛ 
get angry 
they got angry 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
ʔaayiiƛ 
ʔaya 
many 
-ˀiƛ 
take [L] 
taking many 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
bite away 
biting them away 
. 

That was why the wolves had become so angry and had captured many away.
pg. 14 begins below

1.111
ʔiiqħšiƛaqaƛ 
ʔiiqħšiƛ 
tell 
-ˀaqa 
several ...-ing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all began to tell about 
ħačatak 
ħačat 
all 
all 
quqʷaas 
quuʔas 
person.pl 
people 
wawaam̉inħʔaƛ 
wawaa 
say 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were saying 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ɬačaaʔatqa 
ɬačaa 
be escaping 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that they escaped 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
m̉aaʔaƛ̉aanitqa 
m̉a 
bite 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that they had been bitten 
. 

Then all the men began to tell about it, saying that they had escaped the wolves after they had been bitten away.

1.112
hiinaqħɬiičiƛm̉inħʔaƛ 
hiinaqħɬiičiƛ 
boast 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they boasted now 
. 

They boasted now.

1.113
n̉aasčiʔaƛ 
n̉aasčiƛ 
become day 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it became day 
. 

Day came.

1.114
huħšiʔaƛ 
huħšiƛ 
howl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they howled 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
kʷiisuw̉atisʔi 
kʷiisuw̉atis 
across the water 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
on the other side of the water 
c̉aʔakʔi 
c̉aʔakʷ 
river 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the river 
. 

The wolves howled on the other side of the river.

1.115
ƛ̉iiqsiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉iiqsiƛ 
embark 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they embarked 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
ħaw̉iiħʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chiefs 
m̉aackʷiiʕiƛ̉asʔaƛ 
m̉aackʷiiʕiƛ̉as 
rescue captives 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
to rescue captives 
. 

The chiefs embarked in canoes to rescue the captives.

1.116
takčiyuqƛ̉aƛ 
takʷ 
each 
-či2 
at 
-iyuqƛ 
in the mouth 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
each had in their mouth 
m̉aayuqƛ 
m̉aayuqƛ 
hold in mouth 
holding in the mouth 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
qicaaɬ 
qicaaɬ 
calico 
calico 
. 

Each wolf had some calico in his mouth.

1.117
ʔuħqaatħʔap̉aƛ 
ʔuħqaatħʔap 
believe to be the case 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they pretend it was 
yaqʔičm̉inħʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(č̉,k̉ʷ)ʔič 
clothed in... 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what they had been wearing 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉inm̉inħʔi 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉in 
Wolf Ritual initiate 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Wolf Ritual initiates 
ʔatquu 
ʔat 
even if 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even though 
ʔuuc̉aƛ 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it belongs to 
qicaaɬm̉inħʔi 
qicaaɬ 
calico 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
cloth 
yatyaaqʷacʔitq 
CVt- 
PL 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ac1 
belong to 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones to whom they belonged 
t̉aatn̉a 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
children 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉inm̉inħʔi 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉in 
Wolf Ritual initiate 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Wolf Ritual initiates 
. 

They pretended it was what the captives had been wearing, though it was cloth belonging to the parents of the Wolf Ritual initiates.

1.118
hitasaʔaƛ 
hitasaʔaƛ 
come to shore 
they came to shore 
ħaw̉iiħʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chiefs 
m̉aackʷiiʕiiħw̉it̉as 
m̉a 
bite 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
-ˀiiħ2 
try to get [R+L] 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
go to rescue the ones bitten away 
. 

The chiefs who were going to rescue the captives came to shore.

1.119
ʔuʔiiʔisʔaƛ 
ʔuʔiiʔis 
get to the beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went to the beach 
witasaƛ 
witasaƛ 
lay in ambush on beach 
lay in ambush on the beach 
hiɬaat̉asuk 
hiɬaat̉as 
go downstream 
-uk 
POSS 
downstream from 
hiisaacsuħtinɬʔitq 
hiisaacsuħtinɬ 
coming out of the woods 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where the ones came out of the woods 
saacsuħtinɬ 
saacsuuħtinɬ 
crawling out of the woods 
crawling out of the woods 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

They lay in ambush on the bank downstream of the place where the wolves crawled out of the woods each time.
pg. 15 begins here

1.120
yacisʔaƛ 
yac 
step 
-‘is 
on the beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were on the beach 
witiis 
witiis 
ambush on beach 
lying in ambush on the beach 
. 

They lay in wait on the beach.

1.121
hitacsuħtisʔaƛ 
hitacsuħtis 
come to beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they came to the beach 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

The wolves came out onto the beach.

1.122
takčiyuqƛ̉aƛ 
takʷ 
each 
-či2 
at 
-iyuqƛ 
in the mouth 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
each had something in their mouth 
m̉aayuqƛ 
m̉aayuqƛ 
hold in mouth 
holding in the mouth 
. 

Each had something in his mouth.

1.123
ƛ̉iiʕaƛ̉aƛ 
ƛ̉iʕaƛ 
fire a weapon 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
(weapon) fired 
saasaqiʔi 
saasaqi 
cannon 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the cannon 
kʷiisuw̉atʔi 
kʷiisuw̉at 
other side 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
on the other side 
. 

Then the cannon shot off on the other side of the river.

1.124
hiɬħ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
while they were there 
waaƛ 
waaƛ 
then 
then 
pukʷiʔaƛ 
pukʷiƛ 
run in group 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they ran in a group 
m̉aackʷiiʕiiħʔi 
m̉aackʷiiʕiiħ 
Wolf Ritual rescuer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the rescuers 
ƛ̉iicsʔaƛ 
ƛ̉iics 
shoot while going along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
shoot while going along 
puʔak 
puʔakʷ 
run as group 
running as group 
. 

The rescue party made a rush, shooting as they ran.

1.125
m̉eeʔiʔaƛ 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
attack 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they then attacked 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
refer to 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
takčiqƛn̉ukqa 
takʷ 
each 
-či2 
at 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
each of them holding in the hand 
puu 
puu 
gun 
gun 
m̉aackʷiiʕiiħʔi 
m̉aackʷiiʕiiħ 
Wolf Ritual rescuer 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the rescuers 
. 

They attacked the wolves, each holding a gun in their hand.

1.126
qʷicačiʔaƛ 
qʷicačiƛ 
go to swh 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
go away 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

The wolves went away.

1.127
t̉aqisinỷap̉aƛ 
t̉aq1 
in same place 
-isinỷap 
leave ... on the beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they left on the beach 
yaqʷiyuqƛm̉inħitʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iyuqƛ 
in the mouth 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they had in their mouths 
m̉aayuqƛ 
m̉aayuqƛ 
hold in mouth 
holding in the mouth 
qicaaɬ 
qicaaɬ 
calico 
calico 
puuqƛ̉iʔaƛ 
puuqƛ̉iƛ 
run into woods (Pl.) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
running into the woods 
šaw̉aaʔaƛ 
šaw̉aaʔa 
flee 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they fled 
. 

The latter dropped the calico cloth from their mouths and fled into the woods.

1.128
huʔapʔaʔaƛ 
huʔapʔaʔa 
cross back over a river 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
cross back over a river 
m̉aackʷiiʕiiħitʔi 
m̉aackʷiiʕiiħ 
Wolf Ritual rescuer 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were rescuers 
. 

The rescue party came back across the river.

1.129
ʔiiqħšiʔaƛ 
ʔiiqħšiƛ 
tell 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they told them 
. 

The started to tell about it.

1.130
hiixʷatħima 
hiixʷatħi 
be difficult 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is difficult 
wim̉aaqƛma 
wim̉aaqƛ 
cannot 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
one cannot 
hiniip̉atquu 
hiniip 
get 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
catch them 
m̉aaʔaƛm̉inħʔatʔi 
m̉a 
bite 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who have been bitten away 
ʔaniiỷipčimin 
ʔaniiỷip 
only get 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
-(m)in 
1p IND 
we only got 
yaqʷʔičm̉inħitʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(č̉,k̉ʷ)ʔič 
clothed in... 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they were wearing 
wawaaɬyaaƛ 
wawaaɬyu 
be saying (pl.) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were saying 
ʔiiqħʕaqa 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
-ˀaqa 
several ...-ing 
they were telling 
m̉aackʷiiʕiiħitʔi 
m̉aackʷiiʕiiħ 
Wolf Ritual rescuer 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were rescuers 
. 

"It is difficult; it is impossible to catch the captives, we only managed to get the clothes they were wearing," said the ones who were rescuers.
pg. 16 begins above

1.131
wim̉aaqƛweʔin 
wim̉aaqƛ 
cannot 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they could not do 
hiniipm̉inħʔatquu 
hiniip 
get 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that they catch them 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉inm̉inħʔi 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉in 
Wolf Ritual initiate 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Wolf Ritual initiates 
. 

They claimed it was impossible to catch the Wolf Ritual initiates.

1.132
ʔiiħmisʔap̉atweʔin 
ʔiiħmis 
protect 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they were being protected 
yaqyaaʕatiič 
DUP- 
PL 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-yiič 
3.INDF.REL 
the ones who were 
suʔiɬm̉inħʔat 
suu 
hold 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
held in the house 
. 

But the novices were being securely guarded in a house.

1.133
wawaama 
wawaa 
say 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he said 
ʔiiqcaapat 
ʔiiqcaapat 
Faced-still 
Douglas 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he said now 
siixuuɬmiik 
siixuuɬmiikʷ 
Soreface-Hunter 
Douglas 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔana 
ʔana 
only 
only 
hitacsuħta 
hitacsuħta 
come out of the woods 
he came out of the woods 
ʔuukʷiiqsta 
ʔu 
REF 
-či1 
along with 
-ˀaˑqsta 
among [L] 
be amongst 
qʷayac̉iikm̉inħʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the wolves 
. 

They spoke of Faced-Still - that is Douglas - because only he had come out among the wolves.
1) ʔiiqcaapat - name of Douglas Thomas at the time.
2) siixuuɬmiikʷ - the previous name of Douglas Thomas

1.134
ʔaatħšiʔaƛƛaa 
ʔaatħšiƛ 
become night 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again night came 
. 

Again night came.

1.135
wik̉ap̉aƛsi 
wik 
not 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I did not let them do 
mačinƛ 
mačinawiƛ 
enter house 
enter the house 
qʷayac̉iiktaqimɬ 
qʷayac̉iiktaqimɬ 
Wolf tribe 
Wolf band 
ʔiiħʔii 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the big 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
. 

I did not let the wolf band enter the big house.
3) qʷayac̉iiktaqimɬ - band of Indians, name given at time of ƛuukʷaana to those who take part in initiating wolves, breaking into the house and carrying away children and going around the beaches at the back of the houses blowing wolf whistles at night. There are certain people who have tuupati to be wolves and some have not.

1.136
ʔuuʔiiʔiɬʔap̉aƛsi 
ʔuʔiiʔiɬʔap 
bring into house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I brought them into the house 
hiiɬinkstasʔisʔi 
hiiɬinkstas 
in the middle of the village 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the small one in the middle 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
. 

I brought them into the small house in the middle of the village.
4) hiiɬinkstasʔisʔi - the house below the hill at front of out house. (??)

1.137
hiniiʔaƛsi 
hinii 
give 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I gave them 
takčinup 
takʷ 
each 
-činawup 
put into a container 
each in the house 
čuxỷak 
šuxỷakʷ 
bull-roarer 
bullroarer 
taqiiỷak 
taqiˑ 
earthquake 
-ỷakʷ 
use 
use for earthquake 
. 

I gave them each a bull-roarer for sounding like an earthquake.
5) čuxỷakʷ - are sticks, rattle-shaped, made for making whirring noise to imitate earthquake.

1.138
ʔuqƛn̉ukup̉aƛsi 
ʔuuqƛn̉uk̉ʷap 
make s.o. hold in the hand 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
they were made to hold them in the hand 
ħačatak 
ħačat 
all 
all 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
qʷayac̉iiktaqimɬ 
qʷayac̉iiktaqimɬ 
Wolf tribe 
Wolf tribe 
. 

I had all of the wolves hold them.

1.139
humaqƛpiʔaƛƛaa 
humaqƛpiƛ 
all enter the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
all entered the house 
ʔiiħʔii 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the big 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

The entire Tsishaa and Huupachas Tribes again entered the big house.
pg. 17 begins here

1.140
hineeʔiʔaƛsi 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I entered the house 
ʔiiħʔii 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the big 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
. 

Then I entered the big house.

1.141
ʔuʔiip̉ičiɬʔaƛsi 
ʔuʔii 
go to 
-p̉ič 
at base of upright object 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I went to the post in the house 
ƛamaakqas 
ƛama 
housepost 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my housepost 
teeʔisim 
teeʔisim 
Beach-Pole (housepost) 
Beach-Pole 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
named 
. 

I stood beside my house post named Beach-Pole.

1.142
c̉iiqšiʔaƛsi 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I began singing a secret chant 
. 

I began chanting.

1.143
|| 
waahaŋaa 
ʔaahaŋaa 
waahaaŋaaa 
haaŋaahaaa 
qʷaaqʷaahayiʔakmuutiič 
nanaaniqsuu 
n̉aahiyaas 
haŋahaaa 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
ʔuħʔaŋaa 
haŋaatikʔiic 
yacwiisaʔaat 
kiɬiisuʔaat 
qʷayaŋaac̉iyiik 
wayii 
||. 

"As your grandfathers were, the day. You will be lifted and carried in your canoe, standing in the bow, by wolf."
cf. R & S. no. 63 - (vii F 2a). Tsiikaa song, sung by Tom, Tsishaa. The song is a companion to No. 65. It is used in connection with a potlatch dance, at the end of which several people outside of the house make a loud noise with bull-roarers; these are supposed to represent the sound of an earthquake, this being one of the tupaati of Tom's family. The song is used only when it is already night. The first verse compares the song-owner's ancestors to the day in their ceremonial splendor. The second verse refers to an honor accorded a visiting tribe by an inviting tribe: the inviting tribe wades out into the water with suitable heavy poles which they place crosswise under the canoe; then they lift the canoe and passengers by means of the poles and carry them out of the water and up the beach.

1.144
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛaħ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
and then I did 
ciqšiʔaƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he spoke now 
hawiiʔaƛqas 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
when I had finished 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing a secret chant 
. 

When I finished chanting, I spoke.

1.145
naʔaataħʔis 
naʔaataħ 
listen 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
listen to me! 
c̉išaaʔeetħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
-ee 
VOC 
O Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔeetħ 
Huupachas people 
-ee 
VOC 
O Huupachas tribe 
. 

"Listen to me, you Tsishaa and Huupachas people.

1.146
waninʔatħaħ 
waninʔatħ 
Wanin people 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am a Wanin person 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing a secret chant 
. 

I am chanting as a Wanin person.

1.147
siỷaaqaħ 
siỷaaq 
I 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am as though 
huuħinkʷap 
huuħinkʷap 
Slopes-Together 
Cupped-together-aloft 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing a secret chant 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
waninʔatħ 
waninʔatħ 
Wanin people 
Wanin people 
. 

I am chanting as Cupped-together-aloft, the Wanin chief.

1.148
hawiiƛʔaaqƛaħ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I will stop doing 
waninʔatħ 
waninʔatħ 
Wanin people 
Wanin people 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
if 
if 
wik̉atquus 
wik 
not 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quus 
1s.CND 
he does not do to me 
neʔiičiʔat 
neʔiičiƛ 
hear 
-ˀat 
PASS 
hear 
yaqʷacii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ac1 
belong to 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
the one to whom belongs 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
nuuk̉ʷiħtim 
nuuk̉ʷiħtim 
highly thought-of song 
highly thought-of song 
. 

I will stop chanting as a Wanin person if the owner of this top-notch song does not hear me".

1.149
ƛaaʔuuksiƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-uk 
POSS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
again I did another one 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
sing secret chant 
. 

Again I sang another chant.

1.150
ʔiiqħʔiƛƛaa 
ʔiiqħ 
tell 
-ˀiƛ 
go for [L] 
=ƛaa 
again 
again I go to sing 
ƛaaʔuuksiƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-uk 
POSS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
again I did another one 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the words 
. 

Again I sang the same words.
pg. 18 begins here

1.151
ħasiiksiƛaa 
ħasiikʷ1 
finish 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I again completed 
ʕimtʕimta 
ʕimtʕimta 
singing words 
singing the words of 
ʕimtỷakʔi 
ʕimtỷak 
verse 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the verse 
. 

I again went through the entire verse.

1.152
ʔeʔimʔap̉aƛ̉atsi 
ʔeʔim 
at first 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
as soon as I did so 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
be silent 
stop making a sound of 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
sing secret chant 
hitaʕaƛ̉aƛ 
hitaʕaƛ 
make a sound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it made a sound 
taqii 
taqiˑ 
earthquake 
earthquake 
. 

As soon as I stopped chanting, the earthquake sounded.

1.153
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
t̉aquqƛič̉aʕaš 
t̉aquqƛ 
truthful 
-č̉aˑʕaš 
3.INFER 
so he told the truth 
neenʔis 
naniiqsu 
grandparent 
-ʔis 
DIM 
my dear grandfather 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔuyaqħmisʔi 
ʔuyaqħmis 
tradition 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the tradition 
. 

"Well, my grandfather spoke truly in that legend.

1.154
ʔaanič̉aʕaš 
ʔaani 
really 
-č̉aˑʕaš 
3.INFER 
it seems he was really 
waninʔatħ 
waninʔatħ 
Wanin people 
Wanin people 
neenʔis 
naniiqsu 
grandparent 
-ʔis 
DIM 
my dear grandfather 
. 

It seems my grandfather was really a Wanin person.

1.155
naʔaataħʔaƛħak 
naʔaataħ 
listen 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
did you hear it? 
c̉išaaʔeetħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
-ee 
VOC 
O Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔeetħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
-ee 
VOC 
O Huupachas tribe 
. 

Do you hear it, O Tsishaa and Huupachas people?

1.156
taqiiʔaƛma 
taqiˑ 
earthquake 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is an earthquake 
histaatuk 
histaatuk 
hear a sound from 
sounding 
. 

It is an earthquake sounding there.

1.157
waninʔatħšiʔaƛaħ 
waninʔatħ 
Wanin people 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
now I am becoming a Wanin person 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
ħamatsap̉aƛ 
ħamatsap 
realize 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
realised 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
t̉aquqƛ 
t̉aquqƛ 
truthful 
he was truthful 
neenʔis 
naniiqsu 
grandparent 
-ʔis 
DIM 
my dear grandfather 
. 

I am now a Wanin person, for I learned that my grandfather spoke truly."

1.158
ħap̉it 
ħa 
complete 
-p̉it3 
... times 
it did the full number of times 
hitaʕaƛ 
hita 
LOC 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
there was a sound there 
taqiiʔi 
taqiˑ 
earthquake 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the earthquake 
muup̉it 
muup̉it 
four times 
four times 
. 

The earthquake sounded for the full four times.
6) ħap̉it - 'do so going through the number'. In all Indian dances four times is the number. Over that is considered numaak so they always dance any kind of dance four times, so that is what ħap̉it means four times.

1.159
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it finished 
. 

And then it finished.

1.160
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then 
ƛaaʔuuʔaƛƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
=again 
take up another 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
singing a secret chant 
. 

And then I took up another chant.

1.161
|| 
waaʔaŋaayahii 
kʷaašʔuŋuhuu 
ƛahuukʷahineeyayii 
hiyiiʔiyeeyayii 
||. 

1.162
ʕimtšiʔaƛukƛaa 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they sing the chorus 
ʔuħtinʔaaŋaayayiiʔaƛuuksaʔim 
waħč̉ak 
waħ 
throw away 
-č̉akʷ 
instrument 
for throwing away 
ʔaʔiiħʔii 
č̉itiiʔaseeyayiim 
. 

1.163
kʷiisuw̉atšiƛƛaa 
kʷiisuw̉atšiƛ 
go across 
=ƛaa 
again 
they went over again 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
. 

Again they sing the chorus. They went over again, singing the chorus.
7) kʷiisuw̉atšiƛƛaa 'go across again' means when a song has two ʕimtšiƛ part they go through the first ʕimtšiƛ part, when they finish it they say kʷiisuw̉atšiƛƛaa 'go across it'.
pg. 19 begins here

1.164
|| 
ʔuħtinʔaŋaayayiiʔaƛuuksaʔim 
waħč̉aak 
ħayuuʕaƛuukquus 
ħaw̉iiɬmeeyaayiis 
||. 

1.165
naʔaataħʔaƛ̉is 
naʔaataħ 
listen 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
listen to me 
c̉išaaʔeetħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
-ee 
VOC 
O Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔeetħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
-ee 
VOC 
O Huupachas tribe 
. 

"Listen to me, O Tsishaa and Huupachas people.

1.166
ʔiiqħukʔaaqƛ̉aƛaħ 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I will tell you now 
. 

I am going to tell you now.

1.167
ʔuħʔataħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I was done to 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
c̉iiqỷakʔi 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chant 
ʔuħiiỷap̉atuk 
ʔuħiiỷap 
choose 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
chose mine 
ʕimtii 
ʕimtii 
name 
name 
waninʔatħ 
waninʔatħ 
Wanin people 
Wanin people 
. 

This chant chose for me a Wanin name.

1.168
p̉ačiƛaħ 
p̉ačiƛ 
give gift at potlatch 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I gave gifts 
ħaw̉iɬuk 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-uk 
POSS 
chief of 
ʔuuqʷaatisʔatħ 
ʔuuqʷaatisʔatħ 
Dutch Harbour band 
Dutch Harbour band 
. 

As the chief of the Dutch Harbour band, I gave gifts.
8) ʔuuqʷaatisʔatħ - another name of našʔasʔatħ, ʔuuqʷatis is the name of the place where they used to have their village. ʔuuqʷaatis getting its name from the village site. Its beach is covered with very fine sand and the landscape is very pretty further up the beach. It is covered with grass, from this it gets its name 'pretty beach sloping down'

1.169
ʔuħuk 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
its was 
ʕimtii 
ʕimtii 
name 
name 
ħaw̉iɬwituɬ 
ħaw̉iɬwituɬ 
Wealth-past-Head 
Wealth-past-Head 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
ʔuuqʷaatisʔatħ 
ʔuuqʷaatisʔatħ 
Dutch Harbour band 
Dutch Harbour band 
. 

The Dutch Harbour band chief had the name of Wealth-past-Head.

1.170
ʔuyiiʔaƛsi 
ʔuyii 
give 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I gave them 
č̉itiiʔasim 
č̉itiˑʔasim 
copper 
copper 
siỷaaʕaƛ 
siỷaaq 
I 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
for myself 
yaqiis 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
I who am  
huuħinkʷap 
huuħinkʷap 
Slopes-Together 
Cupped-together-aloft 
. 

As Cupped-together-aloft, I gave away copper.
9) I then gave money my forefathers give. ?

1.171
ħaʔukʷiʔaƛ̉atsi 
ħaʔukʷiƛ 
do in turn 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
he did to me in turn 
haaʕinʔasʔat 
haaʕinʔas 
go to invite 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he came to invite 
ħaw̉iɬwituɬ 
ħaw̉iɬwituɬ 
Wealth-past-Head 
Wealth-past-Head 
kʷiisqšiʔaƛʔitq 
kʷiisqšiƛ 
become next year 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the next year 
. 

Wealth-past-Head came and invited me in return.

1.172
ħaʔukʷiʔaƛ̉atsi 
ħaʔukʷiƛ 
do in turn 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
he did to me in turn 
p̉ačiʔat 
p̉ačiƛ 
give gift at potlatch 
-ˀat 
PASS 
be given a potlatch gift 
ʔuyiiʔaƛ̉atsi 
ʔuyii 
give 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I was given 
p̉ačiʔat 
p̉ačiƛ 
give gift at potlatch 
-ˀat 
PASS 
be given a potlatch gift 
wanin 
wanin 
Wanin 
Wanin 
ʔukɬeeʔi 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the one called 
c̉aʔak 
c̉aʔakʷ 
river 
river 
ʔayint 
ʔayint 
stocked with many 
stocked with many 
cuw̉it 
cuw̉it 
coho salmon 
cohoe salmon 
. 

In return he potlatched to me Wanin, the creek named Stocked-with-many-Cohoes.
pg. 20 begins above

1.173
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
qʷisqħaaħ 
qʷis 
do thus 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaaħ 
IRR 
I am doing thus 
ʔuħiičiƛuk 
ʔuħ 
is 
-iičiƛ 
INC 
-uk 
IMPF 
its is 
ʕimtii 
ʕimtii 
name 
name 
waninʔatħ 
waninʔatħ 
Wanin people 
Wanin people 
. 

From that I have a Wanin name."

1.174
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔaanaqimɬwamaħ 
ʔana 
thus much 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-waˑ 
say [R] 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
thus much I said 
. 

All this I said.

1.175
n̉aasšiʔaƛƛaa 
n̉aasšiƛ 
dawn 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again, it dawned 
. 

Again, day came.

1.176
saacsuuħtisiisšiʔaƛƛaa 
sacsuħtis 
come out of woods onto beach 
-iics 
go ... along 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again came out of the woods 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
kʷiisuw̉atʔi 
kʷiisuw̉at 
other side 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones on the other side 
hiɬħ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
while being there 
. 

Again the wolves across the river came out of the woods at intervals.

1.177
ʔiinaxiičiʔaƛ 
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
dress up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started to dress up 
ɬuucsaamiiħʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the women 
qačc̉a 
qacc̉a 
three 
three 
. 

Three women made ready.

1.178
hinaačiʔaƛ 
hinaačiƛ 
set off on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they set off on the water 
ɬuucsaamiiħʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the women 
qačc̉a 
qacc̉a 
three 
three 
. 

The three women went out on the water.

1.179
č̉apaciiqšiƛ 
č̉apaciiqšiƛ 
get into a canoe 
they got into a canoe 
puucsʔaƛ 
puucs 
carry a gun 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
carrying a gun 
ɬuucsaamiiħʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the women 
. 

The women got in a canoe carrying a gun.

1.180
ƛ̉iƛ̉iiʔasʔaƛ 
DUP- 
PL 
ƛ̉i 
shoot 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went to shoot 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
saacsuuħtisiis 
saacsuħta 
crawl out of woods 
-‘isiˑs 
on the beach 
crawling out of the woods onto the beach 
. 

They went to shoot at the wolves as they came crawling out to the beach.

1.181
ƛ̉ičiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉ičiƛ 
shoot 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they start shooting 
ɬuucsaamiiħʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the women 
ʔuħtaaʔaƛ 
ʔuħtaa 
towards 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did it to 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

The women started shooting at the wolves.

1.182
ʔuuħtaasa 
ʔuuħtaasa 
straight away 
straight away 
ƛ̉iỷaqstuƛ 
ƛ̉iỷaqstawiƛ 
shoot into 
she was shot into 
c̉awaakqħ 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
one was 
ɬuucsma 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
woman 
talmiš maatkʷa 
talmiš maatkʷa 
Talmish Matkwa 
Talmish Matkwa 
ʔumʔiiqsakit 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
his late mother 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
ƛ̉iỷaqstuƛ 
ƛ̉iỷaqstawiƛ 
shoot into 
she was shot into 
. 

One of the women, the late mother of Talmish Matkwa, was hit right away.

1.183
w̉iisiʔat 
w̉iisiƛ 
graze surface 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it was grazed 
ʔaaʔam̉aasʔatʔi 
ʔaaʔam̉aas 
wrist 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
her wrist 
tukʷaq 
tukʷaq 
skin 
skin 
ʔaaniiħcusaqħʔat 
ʔaniiħcu 
only 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it is only what happened 
. 

Only the skin of her wrist was grazed.
pg. 21

1.184
n̉iƛkʷaqšiʔaƛ 
n̉iƛkʷaqšiƛ 
be excited 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they became excited 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
hayaaqstuƛ 
hayaaqstuƛ 
be afraid (f) 
they were afraid 
ʔanin 
ʔanin 
that we 
that we 
hawiiƛʔaaqƛ̉ap̉at 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they would be stopped from having 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

The Tsishaa people got excited; they feared that we would be stopped from having Wolf Rituals.

1.185
hineeʔiƛ 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
he entered 
napniitʔi 
napniit 
priest 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the missionary 
n̉ašiƛ̉as 
n̉ašiƛ̉as 
go to see 
went to see 
miktaanin 
miktaanin 
McDonald 
McDonald 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
named 
. 

Then the missionary, named McDonald, went to see.

1.186
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
napniitʔi 
napniit 
priest 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the missionary 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
hixuk 
hixuk1 
unimportant 
unimportant 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ỷuuqʷaaʔaaɬa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
they always do 
mamaɬn̉i 
mamaɬn̉i 
white man 
whiteman 
qaaħink 
qaaħinkʷ 
die among 
die among 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʔiiħʔaƛquu 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when the are doing big 
pisatuk 
pisatuk 
sport 
sport 
. 

The missionary said it was nothing, that sometimes white people died when they were having big sport.
10) mamaɬn̉i -' white people" the name given to them because the first white people the Indians saw were on board ships and they thought it was a house on the sea, from that they were given the name mamaɬn̉i 'house going about on the water.'

1.187
hineeʔitapsiƛaa 
hineeʔitap 
bring into house 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I again brought them into the house 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
tuupšiʔaƛʔitq 
tuupšiƛ 
evening 
-L 
ITER 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when it began to get dark 
huupač̉asʔatħƛaa 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
=ƛaa 
also 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

When evening came, I again brought into the house the Tsishaa and Huupachas people.

1.188
haʔuksapsiƛaa 
haʔuksap 
feed 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I fed them again 
. 

I served food again.

1.189
haɬaačiƛsi 
haɬaačiƛ 
pay 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I paid them 
ʕačaqšiƛʔi 
ʕačaqšiƛ 
wound 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who got hurt 
ɬuucsma 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
woman 
. 

I paid off the woman who had been wounded.

1.190
ʔuyiisi 
ʔuyii 
give 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I gave to her 
ħayuqumɬ 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
ten 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ħayuqumỷaqƛ 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ˀaqƛ2 
worth 
worth ten (dollars) 
mišɔɔn 
mišɔɔn 
shawl 
shawl 
. 

I gave her ten dollars and a shawl worth ten dollars.

1.191
haɬaačiƛsi 
haɬaačiƛ 
pay 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I paid her 
tiipatas 
tiipat 
David 
-(q)aˑs2 
... daughter 
daughter of David 
. 

I paid off David's daughter (Emma David).

1.192
ʔuyiisi 
ʔuyii 
give 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I gave to her 
suč̉aqimɬ 
suč̉a 
five 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
five 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ỷimħaaqa 
ỷimħaa 
be ashamed 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
since she was ashamed 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuʕaštqa 
ʔuuʕašt 
obtain 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
she had got 
ʕačaqsap 
ʕačaqsap 
wound s.o. 
wounded her. 
ɬuucsmeʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the woman 
. 

I gave her five dollars because she was ashamed of having caused the wound to the other woman.

1.193
ỷimħʔatuquɬʔap̉aƛsi 
ỷimħʔatuquɬʔap 
remove shame from s.o.'s face 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I removed the shame from her face 
. 

I took the shame from her face.
11) I caused the shame to come off of her face' meaning the money, $5, given her was supposed to be for taking away the shame, while the $10 given to Talmish's mother, the one who was wounded, was supposed to be an ointment for her wound.

1.194
haɬaačiʔaƛ 
haɬaačiƛ 
pay 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he paid them 
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
also now 
tiipat 
tiipat 
David 
David 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ʕačaqšiƛʔi 
ʕačaqšiƛ 
wound 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who got hurt 
ɬuucsma 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
woman 
. 

David also paid off the injured woman.
pg. 22 begins above

1.195
ʔuyiiʔaƛ 
ʔuyii 
give 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he gave her 
suč̉a 
suč̉a 
five 
five 
ƛ̉isaɬ 
ƛ̉isaˑɬ 
blanket 
blankets 
. 

He gave her five blankets;

1.196
ʔuunuuʔaƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
because 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
haɬaačiƛ 
haɬaačiƛ 
pay 
he paid her 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuʕaštukqa 
ʔuuʕašt 
obtain 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
his had caused it 
t̉an̉a 
t̉an̉a 
child 
child 
ʕačaqšiƛʔi 
ʕačaqšiƛ 
wound 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who got hurt 
ɬuucsma 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
woman 
. 

he paid her because his daughter had caused the woman to be hurt.

1.197
ʔam̉iičiʔaƛƛaa 
ʔam̉iičiƛ 
be next morning 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
the next day came 
. 

The next day came.

1.198
yuxtšiʔaƛ 
yuxtšiƛ 
prepare 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he prepared 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
santu 
santu 
Santo 
Santo 
. 

Santo got ready.

1.199
ƛ̉iƛ̉iiʔasʔaƛ 
DUP- 
PL 
ƛ̉i 
shoot 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he went to shoot 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

They went to shoot the wolves.

1.200
yacsaƛ 
yac 
step 
-‘isaƛ 
on the beach 
they stepped onto the beach 
hiisaacsuħtisiisʔitq 
hiisaacsuħta 
come out from the woods 
-‘isiˑs 
on the beach 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where they had come out from the woods onto the beach 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

They went ashore where the wolves came out of the woods onto the beach.

1.201
hitacsuħtisʔaƛ 
hitacsuħtis 
come to beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they came out onto the beach 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

The wolves came out onto the beach

1.202
ƛawiičiʔaƛ 
ƛawiičiƛ 
approach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he approached them 
santu 
santu 
Santo 
Santo 
. 

Santo approached them.

1.203
ƛ̉ičiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉ičiƛ 
shoot 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he started shooting at them 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
puunasʔiiʔat 
punasʔii 
run up to 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they ran up to him 
santu 
santu 
Santo 
Santo 
qʷayac̉iikm̉inħʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the wolves 
. 

Santo started shooting at the wolves and they ran after him.

1.204
m̉aʔakʷaʔap̉at 
m̉aʔakʷaʔap 
chew to pieces 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was bitten to pieces 
ħissaap̉atuk 
ħissaap 
make s.o. bleed 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-uk 
POSS 
his was made s.o. bleed 
tukʷaq 
tukʷaq 
skin 
skin 
. 

He was bitten up and his skin was made to bleed.

1.205
hineeʔitapsiƛaa 
hineeʔitap 
bring into house 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I again brought them into the house 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
haʔuksapsiƛaa 
haʔuksap 
feed 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I fed them again 
. 

Again I brought the Tsishaa and Huupachas people in and gave them food.

1.206
haɬaačiʔaƛsi 
haɬaačiƛ 
pay 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I paid him 
santu 
santu 
Santo 
Santo 
. 

I paid Santo.

1.207
ʔaƛqimɬayiisi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ayiˑ 
give 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I gave him two 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
n̉upqimɬ 
n̉up 
one 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
one 
xʷišimɬ 
xʷišimɬ 
harpoon 
harpoon 
. 

I gave him two dollars and a whaling harpoon.
pg. 23 begins below

1.208
ʔuunuuƛaħ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I do because of 
ʔuyii 
ʔuyii 
give 
give 
suw̉a 
suw̉a 
you (sg) 
you 
ʔaħkuuʔi 
ʔaħkuu 
this 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
this 
xʷišimɬʔi 
xʷišimɬ 
harpoon 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the harpoon 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuusaaħimt 
ʔuusaaħi 
for this reason 
-(m)it 
PAST 
they were caused by it 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
wealth 
be wealthy 
ʔunaak 
ʔunaakʷ 
have 
having 
quuɬ 
quuɬ 
slave 
slaves 
yaqckʷiiqas 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ckʷiˑ 
former 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my ancestor 
. 

"I give you this harpoon because it made my ancestor wealthy with slaves."

1.209
ʔuuʔutaħšiʔaƛ 
ʔuuʔutaħšiƛ 
become a whaler 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was going to become a whaler 
santu 
santu 
Santo 
Santo 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
yaqʷinƛqas 
yaqʷaanaw̉iƛ 
it is for that reason 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
so for that reason I did 
ʔuyii 
ʔuyii 
give 
give 
xʷišimɬʔi 
xʷišimɬ 
harpoon 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the harpoon 
. 

I gave Santo the harpoon because he was getting ready to be a whaler (at that time the wolves would attack).

1.210
hiniičʔasʔaƛ̉atqun 
hiniičʔas 
be on top on the ground 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
they would be on us on the ground 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
ʔatħiiʔaƛquu 
ʔatħii 
night 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
at night 
w̉ačʔasʔat 
w̉a 
attack as group 
-či2 
at 
-ˀas3 
outside 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they would attack on the ground 
. 

When it became night the wolves would attack us on the shore.
12) "they would be upon us on the ground" means when the wolves are howling and blowing whistles at the back of the house.

1.211
sukʷiʔisakɔɔ 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
-ˀiˑsak 
come...! [2>1] 
-ee 
VOC 
come and get us! 
n̉uw̉ee 
father 
father 
wawaaɬyaƛquu 
wawaaɬyu 
be saying (pl.) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would be saying 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉inm̉inħʔi 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉in 
Wolf Ritual initiate 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Wolf Ritual initiates 
. 

The captives would be saying, 'come and get us, father'.

1.212
hitačink̉aƛquu 
hitačinkʷ 
fight 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would fight with them 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

The Tsishaa and Hupachas would fight with the wolves.

1.213
c̉iiqaaʔaƛ 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was chanting 
hiiỷaaqstaƛ 
hiiỷaaqsta 
amongst 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
among them 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaaħiʔi 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaaħi 
broken leg 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one with the broken leg 
q̉aanaaƛ̉a 
q̉aanaaƛ̉a 
wolf 
wolf 
. 

The wolf with the broken leg was among them chanting.

1.214
hihɔɔ 
hihɔɔ 
wawaaʔaƛ 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was saying 
. 

'Hihoo hihoo', he kept saying.

1.215
hiiỷaaqstaƛ 
hiiỷaaqsta 
amongst 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was now among them 
w̉ačʔasʔi 
w̉a 
attack as group 
-či2 
at 
-ˀas3 
outside 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who were attacking on the ground 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

He was now among the wolves who were attacking at the shore.

1.216
yuw̉iisčipquus 
yux2 
lungs 
-ˀiˑs1 
eat 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
-quus 
1s.CND 
I would eat his lungs 
tiičmaʕisčipquus 
tiičma 
heart 
-‘is 
on the beach 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
-quus 
1s.CND 
I would eat his heart 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
histaatukʔi 
histaatuk 
hear a sound from 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
there the one sounding was from 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaaħiʔi 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaaħi 
broken leg 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one with the broken leg 
wawaaʔaƛ̉at 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said 
. 

'I wish to eat his lungs, I wish to eat his heart', they said, referring to the one with the broken leg.

1.217
čeeksin 
čeeksin 
Jackson Dan 
Jackson 
ʔuuc 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
it belongs to 
tupaati 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
ceremonial privilege 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaaħiʔi 
k̉ʷak̉ʷaaħi 
broken leg 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one with the broken leg 
ʔuunaaksa 
ʔunaakʷ 
have 
-sasa 
just [L] 
having it  
tupaati 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
ceremonial privilege 
ħaaƛħuuqsač 
ħaaƛħuuqsač 
generation after generation 
generation after generation 
. 

The crippled wolf tupaati belongs to Jackson by inheritance.

1.218
hitačink̉aƛ 
hitačinkʷ 
fight 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they fought 
ʔatħiiʔaƛquu 
ʔatħii 
night 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
at night 
. 

They fought at night.
pg. 24 begins here

1.219
mayawacst̉aɬʔaƛ 
ma 
dwell 
-aˑwa 
go for 
-(c,k)st̉aɬ 
reciprocally 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were charging about attacking each other 
hiišcuw̉atħ 
hiišcuw̉at 
on both sides 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
being on both sides 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
men 
. 

Both sides, men and wolves, attacked each other repeatedly.
not sure about first word??

1.220
ħaačatħw̉aɬʔaƛ 
ħaačatħw̉aɬ 
use all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they used all 
ƛ̉iicƛ̉iiya 
ƛ̉iicƛ̉iiya 
be shooting 
be shooting 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
puu 
puu 
gun 
guns 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

The Tsishaa and Huupachas people were shooting their guns.

1.221
ʔaaƛp̉iiɬħw̉inksi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉iˑɬʷ2 
...songs 
-ħw̉inkʷ 
use [L] 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I was using two 
saasaqi 
saasaqi 
cannon 
cannons 
ƛ̉iicƛ̉iiya 
ƛ̉iicƛ̉iiya 
be shooting 
be shooting 
ʔatħiiʔaƛquu 
ʔatħii 
night 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
at night 
. 

I was shooting with two cannons in the night.

1.222
ʔaƛtaqimɬmasʔi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-taqimɬ 
... group(s) 
-maˑs 
move about in village 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
those who were in two groups going about the village 
ħimmaas 
ħimmaas 
go about village showing s.t. 
go about village showing s.t. 
. 

Two groups went about in the village showing what they had.

1.223
q̉anaƛ̉aqiimaħ 
q̉aanaaƛ̉a 
wolf 
-iiỷip 
obtain 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I have caught a wolf 
wawaam̉inħ 
wawaa 
say 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
they would say 
. 

'I have caught a wolf', they would say.

1.224
ʔanuʔaɬaħ 
ʔanuʔaɬ 
become aware of 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I became aware  
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
hiʔiisqa 
hiʔiis1 
on the ground 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he was on the ground 
kim̉as 
kim̉as 
crouch 
crouching 
q̉aanaaƛ̉a 
q̉aanaaƛ̉a 
wolf 
wolf 
qʷaħtaamaħ 
qʷaħtaa 
do thus 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I was thus 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ƛ̉ičiƛ 
ƛ̉ičiƛ 
shoot 
shot him 
wawaaɬyaƛquu 
wawaaɬyu 
be saying (pl.) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would be saying 
hinaqħɬim̉inħ 
hiinaqħɬi 
boast 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
boasting 
. 

'I just happened to see the wolf crouched to spring and I shot him,' they boasted.

1.225
ʔuħukʷaħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
it is mine 
tupaati 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
ceremonial privilege 
muučiiỷaqƛ̉asuk 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-ˀaˑqƛ̉as 
in the woods 
-uk 
POSS 
keep for four days in the woods 
m̉aaqƛ̉as 
m̉aaqƛ̉as 
bite away into the woods 
bitten away in the woods 
. 

It is my tupaati to have the novices held captive in the woods for four days.

1.226
hineeʔitap̉aƛsiƛaa 
hineeʔitap 
bring into house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I again brought them into the house 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

At night I again brought the Tsishaa and Huupachas in.

1.227
ʔeʔimštip̉aƛsi 
ʔeʔimštip 
as soon as 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
as soon as that I did so 
hawiiʔaƛʔitq 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones had stopped 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eating 
ciqsaap̉aƛsiƛaa 
ciqsaap 
have s.o. speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I had him speak again 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
. 

As soon as they finished eating, I had Big Joe speak again.

1.228
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
naʔaataħšiʔaƛ̉is 
naʔaataħšiƛ 
listen to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-‘is 
on the beach 
listen to me! 
ħaw̉eeħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chiefs! 
. 

'Well, listen to me, you chiefs.

1.229
ɬaɬak̉ʷinʔaaqƛ̉aƛaħ 
ɬaɬak̉ʷin 
plead 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am going to plead with 
siiħiɬ 
siiħiɬ 
you (p.Obj) 
you all 
. 

I am going to plead with you.
pg. 25 begins below

1.230
ɬaakšiƛʔaaqƛ̉aƛeʔic 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you should please do so now 
hinkʷaỷiiħšiʔaƛ 
hinkʷaỷiiħšiƛ 
go after 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
go after them 
ʔatʔaasmeʔi 
ʔasma 
highborn child.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
highborn children 
hisimỷaqƛ̉asm̉inħ 
hisimỷaqƛ̉as 
go about in the woods 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
they who are going about in the woods 
. 

Please try to get the high-born ones going about in the woods.

1.231
ʕuỷičaqšiʔaƛ̉im 
ʕuỷičaqšiƛ 
rub o.s. with medicine 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
rub yourselves with medicine 
witweek 
wiʔakʷ1 
warrior 
-ee 
VOC 
oh, warrior(s) 
qʷačuuqħʔaaqƛiik 
qʷaa 
thus 
-čuˑ 
having ...-ed 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(y)iik 
2s.INDF.REL 
that you will do so 
kaamitʕaqstinƛ 
kaamitʕaqstanawiƛ 
run among a group 
run among a group 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
hinkʷaỷiiħ 
hinkʷaỷiiħ 
try to get 
try to get them 
ʔatʔaasmeʔi 
ʔasma 
highborn child.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
highborn children 
. 

Get yourselves rubbed with medicine, you invincible warriors, so that you can run among the wolves and try to rescue the high-born ones.

1.232
ʔam̉iiƛik 
ʔam̉iiƛik 
tomorrow 
tomorrow 
kuuʔaɬʔiikquu 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when in the morning 
ʔuyaaqƛ̉aƛeʔic 
ʔuyi 
when 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
when you will do 
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
get ready 
got ready 
. 

You will get ready tomorrow morning.'

1.233
nuukʷiiɬšiʔaƛni 
nuukʷiiɬšiƛ 
practise a song 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we started practising a song 
ʔatħiiʔi 
ʔatħii 
night 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
at night 
m̉aakʷaỷiiħỷak 
m̉aakʷaỷiiħỷakʷ 
song for rescuing wolf-captives 
song for rescuing wolf-captives 
ʔukʷiiɬšiʔaƛ 
ʔukʷiiɬšiƛ 
make 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
made for 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
. 

We then began to practice a song at night, a song for trying to rescue the captives.
13) m̉aakʷaỷiiħ - 'trying to get by biting' is said of when they try to get back the children from the wolves.

1.234
|| 
yahaalaalaa 
yahaalaalaa 
ƛeewičiƛ 
it is approaching 
yeeqʷicqin 
hinkiiyaχtuwa 
||. 

The hinkiiyaxtu?a belonging to us are approaching. The hinkiiyaxtu?a belonging to you are approaching.

1.235
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷaqʷam̉awa 
DUP- 
SUF 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-waˑ 
say [R] 
it says all 
nuukʔii 
nuuk 
song 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the song 
m̉aakʷaỷiiħỷak 
m̉aakʷaỷiiħỷakʷ 
song for rescuing wolf-captives 
song for rescuing wolf-captives 
. 

That is the entire rescue song.
cf. R & S no. 76 - 76 (vii F 34). Yahalalaa song, sung by Boston Bob, Tsishaa. Sung to wolves in wolf ritual. Yahalalaa is a shout of cheer. When the wolves hear this they are glad and dance, but not in time to the song. They lift up their feet dog-fashion and drop down in an attempt to dance. hinkiijaxtula is said to be wolf's language and even Tom did not know what it meant.

1.236
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ƛaʔup̉iɬiiɬšiʔaƛsiƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-p̉iˑɬʷ1 
... long objects 
-(č,kʷ)iiɬ1 
make [L] 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
then I did another song 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
m̉aakʷaỷiiħỷak 
m̉aakʷaỷiiħỷakʷ 
song for rescuing wolf-captives 
song for rescuing wolf-captives 
. 

And then I did another song, a rescue song.

1.237
|| 
waahwaahaaŋa 
yaasaaŋaacswiʔaaŋaaksiš 
kaakuuŋuuħswiɬuuŋuuk 
kaaw̉an̉ayiyeeks 
qʷayac̉iiqaswiiyii 
hiiyi 
hihiq 
varia 
varia 
||. 

cf. R & S no. 77 (vii F 47b). m̉aakʷaỷiiħ song, sung by Tom, Tsishaa. m̉aakʷaỷiiħ "trying to get bitten ones," referring to the wolf ritual novices who have been taken away by the wolves in their mouths. The song is sung twice, like the yahalalaa song (see No. 76), and right after it. The wolves dance while it is sung. Wolves understand people (once Frank's father saw a wolf who ran off; he said, "don't run," and the wolf stopped) ;they do not have any language of their own. [But this statement is contradicted by the wolf word in No. 76.1 A qwayhtiikqas. Sav! sav! mv wolves go through the holes of the killer <vhales among the ricks. [perhaps: my killer-whales, my wolves go through the rocks where there are holes all about.] The killer whales are wolves. Wolves sometimes run through caves into the water and turn into killer whales. The tail turns into the big fin on the back (kawanim).

1.238
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷaam̉aan̉uɬma 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-aˑn̉uɬ 
along ... [L] 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it goes along thus 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
. 

That is the entire song.
pg. 26 begins here

1.239
ʔuuc̉aƛma 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it belongs to 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
kaakaaw̉aničiiɬč̉a 
kaakaaw̉aničiiɬ 
turn into killer whale 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
turn into killer whale 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

It belongs to the wolves who are said to turn into killer whales.

1.240
ʔuunuuƛuk 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-uk 
POSS 
for this reason theirs is so 
wawaakaw̉anaayiyee 
saying so 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuħtaniičiʔatʔaaɬa 
ʔuħtaniičiƛ 
come to consist of 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
theirs always comes to consist of 
kaw̉animčiʔat 
kaw̉animčiƛ 
stick up in the middle of the back 
-ˀat 
PASS 
sticking up in the middle on the back 
sit̉aatʔi 
sit̉a 
tail 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
its tail 
kakaw̉aniičiʔaƛquu 
kakaw̉aniičiƛ 
become a killer whale 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it turns into a killer whale 
. 

For this reason theirs says that theirs always comes to consist of its tail sticking up on the back when it turns into a killer whale.

1.241
ʔuuc̉aƛukʷaħ 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
mine belongs to them 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
kamat 
ħamat+dial. var. of 
known 
known 
hasaaʕas 
hasaaʕas 
Crab-on-Ground 
Crab-on-Ground 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ħaw̉iɬmaʔuƛ 
ħaw̉iɬmaʔuƛ 
Wealth-Woman 
Wealth-woman 
. 

Mine belongs to those known as Crab-on-Ground and Wealth-woman.
14) hasaaʕas - the hero hitac̉uʔatħ who went to the wolves' house and learned about the custom of the ƛuukʷaana dance (cf. text no. 144).
15) ħaw̉iɬmaʔuƛ - name of the young woman who was being taken away by a wolf chief's son for a wife.

1.242
ʔuħqaa 
ʔuħ 
is 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it was him 
ʔucačiƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
going to 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ħaw̉iɬmaʔuƛ 
ħaw̉iɬmaʔuƛ 
Wealth-Woman 
Wealth-woman 
ɬučiisuʔat 
ɬučiicsawiƛ 
kidnap woman 
-ˀat 
PASS 
she was carried off 
qʷayac̉iikħʔat 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀat 
PASS 
by the wolves 
yaqʔiitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who 
n̉aacsa 
n̉aacsa 
see 
watching 
qʷaaʔapʔitq 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they were doing 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

It was he who went to the wolves and it was she who was carried off by a wolf; they saw the wolves conduct the Wolf-ritual.

1.243
n̉aasšiʔaƛ 
n̉aasšiƛ 
dawn 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it dawned now 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
. 

Day came.

1.244
ʔiinaxiičiƛšiʔaƛ 
ʔinxiičiƛšiƛ 
start to get ready 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started to get ready 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

The Tsishaa and Huupachas people got ready.

1.245
ƛ̉iχawup̉aƛsiʔaɬ 
ƛ̉iχawup 
put red paint on s.o.'s face 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ʔaɬ 
PL 
I put red paint on their faces 
hawiiʔaƛʔitq 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones had stopped 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
. 

I daubed red paint on their faces when they had finished eating.

1.246
hinačištuʔaƛ 
hinačištawiƛ 
go out to sea 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went out to sea 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

The Tsishaa and Huupachas went out to sea.

1.247
ƛušinqčisiʔaƛ 
ƛušinq 
barge 
-či2 
at 
-aˑs1 
on a surface 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they got onto the barge 
m̉aakʷaỷiiħw̉it̉asʔaƛ 
m̉aakʷaỷiiħ 
rescue wolf-captive 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going to rescue the captives 
. 

They boarded a barge to rescue the captives.

1.248
nunuukšiʔaƛ 
nuunukšiƛ 
start to sing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started to sing 
nuukm̉inħʔi 
nuuk 
song 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the songs 
ʔaƛp̉iiɬ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉iˑɬʷ2 
...songs 
two 
. 

They began singing two songs.
pg. 27 begins below

1.249
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiʔaƛ̉at 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛ 
plead with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they pleaded with 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
Mrs. Santo 
Mrs. Santo 
ʕiiʕiƛquu 
ʕiiʕiƛ 
wolf-skirmish 
-quu1 
3.CND 
to wolf-skirmish 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔuucqaa 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it belongs to her 
tupaati 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
ceremonial privilege 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
Mrs. Santo 
Mrs. Santo 
. 

They pleaded with Mrs. Santo to skirmish with the wolves because that was her tupaati.
16) ʕiiʕiƛ is to approach the wolves at the time they are about to m̉aakʷaỷiiħ. They go in a bunch and approach the wolves and shoot at them. Of course they load their guns with only powder. This is like a scouting party to find out the ?? of the wolves and certain persons have tuupati to ʕiiʕiƛ, while others have not.

1.250
čuwaa 
čuuč 
ok [Pl] 
-waˑ 
say [R] 
now then 
ħayuuħuʔuƛee 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
Ten-in-Front-Woman 
-ee 
VOC 
Ten-in-Front-Woman 
ɬaakšiƛʔaaqƛeʔic 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
please do 
ƛawiičiƛ 
ƛawiičiƛ 
approach 
approach 
yaayis 
yaayis 
there on the beach 
there on the beach 
č̉iħeeʔi 
č̉iħaa 
ghost 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ghost 
hiniisʔi 
hiniis 
go along 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
bringing along 
nani 
naniiqsu 
grandparent 
your grandfather 
hiniisʔi 
hiniis 
go along 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
bringing along 
neʔi 
neʔiiqsu 
uncle 
your uncle 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said now 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
Ten-in-Front-Woman 
Ten-in-Front-Woman 
. 

"Now, Ten-in-Front-Woman, please approach the place where the ghost is, bring along your grandparent and your uncle," they said now to Mrs. Santo.

1.251
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
get ready 
she got ready 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
Mrs. Santo 
Mrs. Santo 
hiniicsuƛ 
hiniicsawiƛ 
take along 
taking along 
qʷam̉aaʔakʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all of her 
ʔuʔuuw̉at̉in 
relative 
relatives 
. 

She got ready and took with her all her relatives.

1.252
ƛiħšiʔaƛ 
ƛiħšiƛ 
set off 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they set off 
hitapʔaʔaƛ 
hitapʔaʔa 
cross over 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
crossing over 
ƛawiičiʔaƛ 
ƛawiičiƛ 
approach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they approached 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

They set out, crossing the river and approached the wolves.

1.253
yacsaʔaƛ 
yacsaʔa 
reach land 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they reached land 
hiisaacsuħtisiisʔitq 
hiisaacsuħta 
come out from the woods 
-‘isiˑs 
on the beach 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where they had come out from the woods onto the beach 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

They landed at the place where the wolves had been coming out on the shore.

1.254
hitacsuħtisʔaƛ 
hitacsuħtis 
come to beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they came out to the beach 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

The wolves came out to the beach.

1.255
m̉eeʔiʔaƛ 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
attack 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they attacked 
ʕiiʕiƛʔi 
ʕiiʕiƛ 
wolf-skirmishers 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the wolf-skirmishers 
. 

The wolf-skirmishers attacked.

1.256
ƛ̉ičiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉ičiƛ 
shoot 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they start shooting 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

They shot at the wolves.

1.257
ʔuucaħtaksat 
ʔuucaħtaksa 
and then 
-ˀat 
PASS 
and then 
mayaaɬšiʔat 
mayaaɬšiƛ 
throw disease worm 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they threw disease worms at 
ʕiiʕiƛitʔi 
ʕiiʕiƛ 
wolf-skirmishers 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the former wolf-skirmishers 
. 

The latter threw disease worms into the skirmishers.

1.258
ʔaƛaatus 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ˀatus 
fall onto the beach 
two fell down on the beach 
t̉isaƛ 
t̉isaƛ 
fall on beach 
falling on beach 
hayiiquuƛ 
hayiˑquɬ 
be dizzy 
dizzy 
. 

Two of them fell dizzy to the beach.

1.259
hiixʷatħima 
hiixʷatħi 
be difficult 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is difficult 
yaayis 
yaayis 
there on the beach 
there on the beach 
č̉iħaaʔee 
č̉iħaa 
ghost 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
-ee 
VOC 
the ghost 
ʔaƛaatumaħ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ʔatu(q)2 
down 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
two of us fell down 
ʕacšiƛ 
ʕacšiƛ 
faint 
fainting 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she said 
ʔiiqħuk 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
telling 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
Mrs. Santo 
Mrs. Santo 
huʔacačiʔaƛʔitq 
huʔacačiƛ 
return 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when she returned 
. 

"O, that ghost there is difficult, two of us fell unconscious", Mrs. Santo related when she returned.
pg. 28 begins here

1.260
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiʔat 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛ 
plead with 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he pleaded with 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ʔiyuuχum 
ʔiyuuχum 
Iyuuhum 
Iyuuhum 
. 

They also pleaded with Iyuuhum.
17) ʔiyuuχum - name of ?? mother's father.

1.261
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
ʔiyuuχɔɔm 
ʔiyuuχum 
Iyuuhum 
Iyuuhum 
ɬaakšiƛʔaaqƛeʔic 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
please do 
ƛawiičiƛ 
ƛawiičiƛ 
approach 
they were approaching 
yaayis 
yaayis 
there on the beach 
there on the beach 
č̉iħeeʔi 
č̉iħaa 
ghost 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ghost 
hiniisʔi 
hiniis 
go along 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
taking along 
neʔi 
neʔiiqsu 
uncle 
his uncle 
hiniisʔi 
hiniis 
go along 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
taking along 
ỷuỷukʷi 
DUP- 
PL 
ỷukʷiiqsu 
younger sibling 
his younger brothers 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he said now 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
. 

"Please, the ghosts were approaching to take his uncle and his younger brothers also," Iyuuhum was told too.

1.262
ʔiinaxiičiʔaƛ 
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
get ready 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he started to get ready 
ʔiyuuχum 
ʔiyuuχum 
Iyuuhum 
Iyuuhum 
. 

Iyuuhum started to get ready.

1.263
ʔayistaƛƛaa 
ʔayista 
be many in canoe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
=again 
again there were many in canoe 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
hitapʔaʔa 
hitapʔaʔa 
cross over 
crossing over 
yayaaqʷinkʔitq 
DUP- 
PL 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were together 
. 

Again there were many in the canoe crossing over.

1.264
yacsaʔaƛƛaa 
yacsaʔa 
reach land 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again came to land 
hiisaacsuħtisiisʔitq 
hiisaacsuħta 
come out from the woods 
-‘isiˑs 
on the beach 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where they had come out from the woods onto the beach 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

Again when they came to land the wolves came down to the beach.

1.265
huħšiʔaƛƛaa 
huħšiƛ 
howl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they howled again 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
tatakm̉aya 
tatakm̉aya 
do so every time 
did so every time 
huħšiƛtaqšiƛ 
huħšiƛ 
howl 
-taqšiƛ1 
before ...ing 
howling before doing 
hiitacsuħtisw̉it̉asʔaƛquu 
hitacsuħtis 
come to beach 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
coming to the beach 
. 

The wolves howled again each time before coming onto the beach.

1.266
hitacsuħtisʔaƛƛaa 
hitacsuħtis 
come to beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they came to the beach 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
m̉eeʔiʔaƛ 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
attack 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they attacked 
ʕiiʕiƛʔi 
ʕiiʕiƛ 
wolf-skirmishers 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the wolf-skirmishers 
ƛ̉ičiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉ičiƛ 
shoot 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they start shooting 
puuʔakʔi 
puu 
gun 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his gun 
. 

When the wolves came to bite people away the wolf-skirmishers attacked, shooting their guns.

1.267
qʷicačiʔaƛƛaa 
qʷicačiƛ 
go to swh 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they went 
puʔakʷačiƛ 
puuʔakʷačiƛ 
run away 
they all ran away 
ʕiiʕiƛitʔi 
ʕiiʕiƛ 
wolf-skirmishers 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the former wolf-skirmishers 
. 

The wolf-skirmishers fled as a group.

1.268
ʔiqsiɬaƛƛaa 
ʔiqsiɬa 
do so 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they did so again 
ʔaƛaatusʔaƛƛaa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ˀatus 
fall onto the beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again two fell down on the beach 
ʕacšiƛ 
ʕacšiƛ 
faint 
fainting 
ʕiiʕiƛitʔi 
ʕiiʕiƛ 
wolf-skirmishers 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the former wolf-skirmishers 
. 

Two of the wolf-skirmishers again fell onto the beach in a trance.

1.269
hiixʷatħimɔɔ 
hiixʷat 
difficult 
-ħiˑ 
IMPF 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
-ee 
VOC 
it is difficult 
yaayis 
yaayis 
there on the beach 
there on the beach 
č̉iħaaʔee 
č̉iħaa 
ghost 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
-ee 
VOC 
the ghost 
ʔaƛaatusʔaƛaħƛaa 
CVƛdup- 
REP 
-ˀatus 
fall onto the beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ƛaa 
again 
again two of them fell onto the beach 
waaʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
he said again 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ʔiiqħuk 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
telling 
ʔiyuuχum 
ʔiyuuχum 
Iyuuhum 
Iyuuhum 
. 

"That ghost there is formidable" Iyuuhum said and two more of my people fell into a trance.
pg. 29 begins here

1.270
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiʔaƛ̉atƛaa 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛ 
plead with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again begged him 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
tiipat 
tiipat 
David 
David 
. 

Then they pleaded with David.

1.271
ɬakšiʔis 
ɬakšiƛ 
please do 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
please do 
ƛawiičiƛ 
ƛawiičiƛ 
approach 
approach 
tiipee 
tiipat 
David 
David 
yaayis 
yaayis 
there on the beach 
there on the beach 
č̉iħeeʔi 
č̉iħaa 
ghost 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ghost 
hiniisʔi 
hiniis 
go along 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
bringing along 
neʔi 
neʔiiqsu 
uncle 
your uncle 
hiniisʔi 
hiniis 
go along 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
bringing along 
ỷukʷi 
ỷukʷiiqsu 
younger sibling 
younger sibling 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said to him now 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
. 

"Do me the favor, David, of approaching that ghost, take your uncle and your younger brother", they said to him also.

1.272
ƛiħšiʔaƛƛaa 
ƛiħšiƛ 
set off 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they set off 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
. 

They set out.

1.273
kʷiisuw̉atsaʔaƛƛaa 
kʷiisuw̉at 
other side 
-‘isaƛ 
on the beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again went to the other side 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
. 

They went across again with many in the crew.

1.274
huħšiʔaƛƛaa 
huħšiƛ 
howl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
the howled again 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
qʷaaʔapʔitq 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they do 
. 

The wolves howled again the way they always do.

1.275
hitacsuħtisʔaƛƛaa 
hitacsuħtis 
come to beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they came to the beach 
m̉eeʔiʔaƛƛaa 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
attack 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again attacking 
ʕiiʕiƛʔi 
ʕiiʕiƛ 
wolf-skirmishers 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the wolf-skirmishers 
. 

They came out of the woods, and the wolf-skirmishers attacked.

1.276
ƛ̉ičiʔaƛƛaa 
ƛ̉ičiƛ 
shoot 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again shot 
puuʔakʔi 
puu 
gun 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their guns 
. 

They fired their guns again.

1.277
m̉eeʔiʔaƛ 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
attack 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they attacked 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
qʷicačiʔaƛƛaa 
qʷicačiƛ 
go to swh 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they went 
ʕiiʕiƛitʔi 
ʕiiʕiƛ 
wolf-skirmishers 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the former wolf-skirmishers 
. 

The wolves attacked also and the skirmishers went.

1.278
puʔakʷačiʔaƛƛaa 
puuʔakʷačiƛ 
run away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again ran away 
šaw̉aaʔa 
šaw̉aaʔa 
flee 
fleeing 
. 

They ran away.

1.279
ʔiqsiɬaƛƛaa 
ʔiqsiɬa 
do so 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they do so again 
ʔaƛaaƛƛaa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
two of them again 
t̉iʔatus 
t̉iʔatus 
fall down on beach 
fall down on beach 
ʕacšiƛ 
ʕacšiƛ 
faint 
fainting 
. 

Again two of them fell unconscious on the beach.

1.280
hiixʷatħima 
hiixʷatħi 
be difficult 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is difficult 
yaayis 
yaayis 
there on the beach 
there on the beach 
č̉iħeeʔi 
č̉iħaa 
ghost 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ghost 
ʔuuščiʔatħmees 
ʔuuščiʔatħmas 
neighbour 
neighbours! 
hahaqčimmaħ 
hahaqčim 
do to a slight degree 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I barely did 
wiikšaħi 
wiikšaħi 
be safe 
survived 
ʔaƛaatusʔaƛaħƛaa 
CVƛdup- 
REP 
-ˀatus 
fall onto the beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ƛaa 
again 
again two of mine fell onto the beach 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ʔiiqħuk 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
tell 
tiipat 
tiipat 
David 
David 
. 

"That ghost yonder is formidable, neighbours, I barely came out alive, and two of my people fell", David now reported.
pg. 30 begins here

1.281
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiʔaƛ̉at 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛ 
plead with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
now they pleaded with 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
kʷaacaapi 
kʷaacaapi 
Facing-back 
Captain Bill 
. 

Now they pleaded with Captain Bill.

1.282
hitapʔaʔaƛƛaa 
hitapʔaʔa 
cross over 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again he went across the river 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ħačatistaƛƛaa 
ħačat 
all 
-ista 
... person(s) in canoe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
all in a canoe 
qʷam̉aačinkʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
thus many 
. 

And he went across the river with all his relatives in the crew.

1.283
qʷisʔaƛƛaa 
qʷis 
do thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they did so again 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
qʷaaʔapʔitq 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they did 
ƛaƛuuʔi 
another 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the others 
. 

They did as the others had done.

1.284
witasaʔaƛƛaa 
wita 
ambush 
-‘isaƛ 
on the beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they lay in ambush on the beach 
ʔuʔiiʔis 
ʔuʔiiʔis 
get to the beach 
on the beach 
hiisaacsuħtinɬʔitq 
hiisaacsuħtinɬ 
coming out of the woods 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where the ones came out of the woods 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

They lay in ambush on the beach where the wolves came out.

1.285
hitacsuħtaƛƛaa 
hitacsuħta 
come out of the woods 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they came out of the woods again 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
qʷaaʔapʔitq 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as they do 
. 

The wolves came out as they are wont to do.

1.286
qʷicačiʔaƛƛaa 
qʷicačiƛ 
go to swh 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they went 
ʕiiʕiƛitʔi 
ʕiiʕiƛ 
wolf-skirmishers 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the former wolf-skirmishers 
puʔakʷačiʔaƛ 
puuʔakʷačiƛ 
run away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
running away 
. 

The skirmishers again fled in all directions.

1.287
ʔiqsiɬaƛƛaa 
ʔiqsiɬa 
do so 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they do so again 
ʔaƛaatus 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ˀatus 
fall onto the beach 
two fell down on the beach 
ʕacšiƛ 
ʕacšiƛ 
faint 
fainting 
. 

Again two of them fell unconscious.

1.288
ʔiiqħiiʔaƛukƛaa 
same 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
=ƛaa 
again 
again theirs was the same 
ʔuyaqħmis 
ʔuyaqħmis 
narrative 
narrative 
. 

And their story was the same.

1.289
hiixʷatħima 
hiixʷatħi 
be formidable 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is formidable 
yaayisʔi 
yaayis 
there on the beach 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one there on the beach 
č̉iħaaʔee 
č̉iħaa 
ghost 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
-ee 
VOC 
the ghost 
ʔaƛaatusʔaƛaħƛaa 
CVƛdup- 
REP 
-ˀatus 
fall onto the beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ƛaa 
again 
again two of mine fell onto the beach 
waaʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
he said again 
ʔiiqħuk 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
tell 
kʷaacaapi 
kʷaacaapi 
Facing-back 
Captain Bill 
. 

"O, that ghost yonder on the beach is formidable, two of my people fell", recounted Captain Bill.

1.290
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
qʷaam̉aštaqšiƛmaʔaaɬa 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-taqšiƛ1 
come from ... 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
there were always that many coming 
ʕiiʕiƛ 
ʕiiʕiƛ 
wolf-skirmishers 
wolf-skirmishers 
muuštaqšiƛ 
muu 
four 
-taqak 
... many units 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
there were four 
. 

There had been four parties of wolf-skirmishers.

1.291
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔiinaxiičiʔaƛ 
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
get ready 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they got ready 
humaqƛ̉aƛ 
humaqƛ 
all together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all together 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
humaqƛ̉aƛ 
humaqƛ 
all together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all together 
č̉amiiqšiƛ 
č̉amiiqšiƛ 
travel by canoe 
went by canoe 
m̉eeʔiiħšiƛ̉asʔaƛ 
m̉eeʔiiħšiƛ 
retrieve the initiates in Wolf Ritual 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
to retrieve the initiates in Wolf Ritual 
. 

Then the whole Tsishaa tribe made ready and embarked in canoes to capture the initiates.

1.292
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiʔaƛ̉at 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛ 
plead with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they pleaded with 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
. 

They pleaded with Brings-ten-on-his-back.

1.293
ɬaakšiƛʔaaqƛeʔic 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
please do 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
qaam̉iƛ 
qaam̉iƛ 
trap s.t. 
trap them 
. 

"Please trap them, Chief.
pg. 31 begins here

1.294
ʔiinaxiiỷap̉aƛ̉i 
ʔiinaxiiỷap 
prepare 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
prepare to do 
qapỷakukʔitqak 
qapỷakʷ 
trap 
-uk 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
your trap 
ɬaakšiƛ 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
please do 
ʔatħʔaƛ 
ʔat 
indeed 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
indeed it is 
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
name 
wiʔak 
wiʔakʷ1 
invulnerable 
invulnerable 
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
. 

Please get your trap ready, for you are called invulnerable, for you are a chief.

1.295
ɬaakšiƛʔaaqƛeʔic 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
please do 
kaamitʕaqstinƛ 
kaamitʕaqstanawiƛ 
run among a group 
run among a group 
yaayis 
yaayis 
there on the beach 
there on the beach 
č̉iħeeʔi 
č̉iħaa 
ghost 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ghost 
wawaaʔat 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was told 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinʔat 
ɬaɬak̉ʷin 
plead 
-ˀat 
PASS 
begging him 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
. 

Please run amongst the ghosts there on the beach," Brings-ten-on-his-back was begged.

1.296
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ̉at 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were also 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiʔat 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛ 
plead with 
-ˀat 
PASS 
pleading with 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
Mrs. Santo 
Mrs. Santo 
neʔiiqsakitʔi 
neʔiiqsu 
uncle 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the late uncle of 
. 

They also pleaded with the late uncle of Mrs. Santo.

1.297
ɬaakšiƛʔaaqƛeʔic 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
please do 
qaam̉iƛ 
qaam̉iƛ 
trap s.t. 
trap them 
ʔiinaxiiỷap̉aƛ̉i 
ʔiinaxiiỷap 
prepare 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
prepare to do 
qapỷakukʔitqak 
qapỷakʷ 
trap 
-uk 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
your trap 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said now 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
. 

"Please go trap them, get your trap ready", they said.

1.298
ʔuuʔiƛmaaʔaƛ̉aƛ 
ʔuuʔiƛ1 
go for 
-maaʔaƛ 
intend to... 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was intending to go for 
ʔaƛeʔi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the two 
siixuuɬmiik 
siixuuɬmiikʷ 
Soreface-Hunter 
Douglas 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
suwaayukquuʔuƛ 
suwaayukquuʔuƛ 
Thundering-on-point-of-rock 
Mrs. Douglas 
. 

He was to rescue both Douglas Thomas and Mrs. Douglas.

1.299
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛm̉inħšiƛsaƛ̉at 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛ 
plead with 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were pleaded at only them 
qʷaam̉ačiɬʔaƛ̉at 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
as many as there were 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉inm̉inħʔi 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉in 
Wolf Ritual initiate 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Wolf Ritual initiates 
tušinksap̉aƛ̉at 
tušinksap 
give one for one 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were caused to be one for one 
. 

They pleaded with only as many people as there were novices, one for one.

1.300
ʔiinaxiiỷap̉aƛ 
ʔiinaxiiỷap 
prepare 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they prepared 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
Mrs. Santo 
Mrs. Santo 
neʔiiqsakitʔi 
neʔiiqsu 
uncle 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the late uncle of 
c̉istuup 
c̉istuˑp 
rope 
ropes 
. 

Brings-ten-on-his-back and Mrs. Santo's uncle got ropes ready.

1.301
k̉aak̉aamak̉ʷiħtanuʔaƛuk 
DUP- 
DIST 
k̉aamak̉ʷiħtanawiƛ 
put a loop on the end 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
they each put a noose on the end 
. 

They each fixed a loop at the end.

1.302
ƛiħšiʔaƛ 
ƛiħšiƛ 
set off 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they set off 
humaqƛistaƛ 
humaqƛ 
all together 
-ista 
... person(s) in canoe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all in the canoe 
. 

They embarked with the whole tribe.
pg. 32 begins here

1.303
nunuukqčik̉aƛ 
nunuuk 
singing 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went along singing 
ʔaƛp̉iiɬʔi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉iˑɬʷ2 
...songs 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the two 
nuukm̉inħ 
nuuk 
song 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
songs 
. 

They went along singing the two songs.

1.304
ƛaawiičiʔaƛ 
ƛawiičiƛ 
approach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they approached 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
there 
there 
hiisaacsuħtinɬʔitq 
hiisaacsuħtinɬ 
coming out of the woods 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where the ones came out of the woods 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
ħaaħaaʔuyaqħšiiɬʔaƛ 
DUP- 
SUF 
ħa 
complete 
-iyaqħ 
sing ... song [R] 
-šiiɬ 
ITER [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
singing all of them in turn 
ʔaƛeʔi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the two 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
songs 
. 

Singing one after the other, they approached the place where the wolves came out.

1.305
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
yacsaʔaƛ 
yacsaʔa 
reach land 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they reached land 
. 

They landed.

1.306
ʔuwiiħtisʔaƛ 
ʔuwiiħtis 
be the first 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
be the first 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
suuʔii 
suu 
hold 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
holding 
qapỷak 
qapỷakʷ 
trap 
trap 
. 

The chief with the trap was in the lead.

1.307
huħšiʔaƛ 
huħšiƛ 
howl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they howled 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
huumaqƛuwaƛ 
huumaqƛuwa 
all do together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all did together 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
ʔayaʕaƛ̉aƛ 
ʔaya 
many 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
many did together 
huħšiƛ 
huħšiƛ 
howl 
they howled 
. 

The wolves howled all together.

1.308
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hitacsuħtaƛ 
hitacsuħta 
come out of the woods 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they came out of the woods 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

Then the wolves came out of the woods.

1.309
ħačatiicsʔaƛ 
ħačatiics 
bring all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they brought all 
qʷam̉iicsʔaqƛ̉asitʔitq 
qʷam̉iics 
take along that many 
-ˀaˑqƛ̉as 
in the woods 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
whom they had taken along into the woods 
m̉aaqƛ̉asʔap 
m̉aaqƛ̉asʔap 
keep initiate in the woods 
had been kept in the woods 
c̉ac̉aawaħsn̉uɬʔaƛ 
DUP- 
SUF 
c̉awaˑ 
one 
-ħsn̉uɬ 
among 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
one between each pair 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

They brought with them all the novices, one between each (pair of wolves).
18) "all they had carried in the woods," meaning all the novices.

1.310
yaacšiƛʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
pukʷiʔaƛ 
pukʷiƛ 
run in group 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they run at them 
ƛ̉iicsʔaƛ 
ƛ̉iics 
shoot while going along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
shooting while going along 
puuʔakʔi 
puu 
gun 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their guns 
. 

The people rushed them, shooting their guns as they went.

1.311
qʷicačiʔaƛ 
qʷicačiƛ 
go to swh 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went away 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

The wolves fled.

1.312
t̉aqisinỷap̉aƛ 
t̉aq1 
in same place 
-isinỷap 
leave ... on the beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they left on the beach 
yaqʷiicsʔaqƛ̉asitʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iics 
take ... along 
-ˀaˑqƛ̉as 
in the woods 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones they had taken into the woods 
m̉aacsʔaqƛ̉as 
m̉a 
bite 
-iics 
take ... along 
-ˀaˑqƛ̉as 
in the woods 
bitten away into the woods 
. 

They left behind on the beach the novices, who had been bitten away into the woods.

1.313
qʷeeʔiʔaƛ 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀiƛ 
take [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they took them thus 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
sukʷiʔaƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they took them 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

In this way, the many people rescued them.
pg. 33 begins below

1.314
sukʷiʔaƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they took 
ʔaʔaaƛuučiʔaƛ 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
two acting together 
qʷam̉aamitʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all who were 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉in 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉in 
Wolf Ritual initiate 
Wolf Ritual initiate 
. 

They took all the novices, two people working together on each.

1.315
maqw̉inʔaƛuk 
maqw̉in 
tie around the middle 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
tie around the middle 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
qaam̉iƛʔi 
qaam̉iƛ 
trap s.t. 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were trapping 
. 

The rescuers tied them around the middle.

1.316
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
suu 
suu 
hold 
holding 
. 

They were not holding them.

1.317
k̉ʷaaɬw̉inʔaƛ 
k̉ʷaaɬw̉in 
branches around the waist 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they had cedar branches around their waists 
k̉ʷaaɬiic̉aƛ 
k̉ʷaaɬiic 
branches around head 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they had cedar branches around their heads 
ʔuuwiic̉aƛ 
ʔuuwiic1 
have around the head 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
have around the head 
ƛ̉aqaptuk 
ƛ̉aqapt 
branch 
-uk 
IMPF 
branches 
w̉iħmapt 
w̉iħmapt 
fir tree 
fir 
ħačatak 
ħačat 
all 
all 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉inckʷim̉inħ 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉inckʷi 
Wolf Ritual novice 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
Wolf Ritual novices 
. 

They had fir branches around the waists and around the heads of all the novices.

1.318
takčaaƛ 
takʷ 
each 
-či2 
at 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
each had now 
suu 
suu 
hold 
holding 
ħiin̉a 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
quartz 
takčic̉uqʷaƛ 
takʷ 
each 
-či2 
at 
-c̉uqʷa 
in the mouth 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
each had in their mouth 
k̉iitqỷak 
k̉iitqỷakʷ 
whistle 
whistles 
kiikaaʔaƛ 
kiikaa 
whistling 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
whistling 
. 

Each of the novices had a quartz, and each was sounding with a whistle.

1.319
kʷaačiʔaƛ 
kʷaačiƛ 
withdraw 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they withdrew 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

The people withdrew.

1.320
hitaqsiƛ 
hitaqsiƛ 
get into vessel 
they got into 
č̉aỷaapacʔi 
č̉apac 
canoe.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the canoes 
. 

They got into the canoes.

1.321
m̉eeʔiʔaƛ 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
attack 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they attacked 
qʷayac̉iikʔi 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wolves 
. 

The wolves attacked.

1.322
wiiʕaqstuʔaƛ 
wiiʕaqstawiƛ 
get angry 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were angry 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
huʔaaħinʔatqa 
huʔaaħin 
take back from 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
take back from 
yaaʕiƛitʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀiƛ 
take [L] 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who had been taken 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
bite away 
biting them away 
. 

They were angry that the novices had been taken back from them.

1.323
pun̉iiqsaʔaƛ 
pun̉iiqsaƛ 
run down beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they ran down the beach 
. 

They rushed down the beach.

1.324
tuuħšiʔaƛ 
tuuħšiƛ 
fear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were frightened 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

The people were scared.

1.325
ƛaatw̉iiʔaƛ 
ƛatw̉iˑ 
paddle canoe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they paddled 
ƛiiħšiʔaƛ 
ƛiħšiƛ 
set off 
-[L] 
GRAD 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
setting off 
hitapʔaʔaƛ 
hitapʔaʔa 
cross over 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
crossing over the river 
. 

They paddled hard across the river.

1.326
kiikaaʔaƛ 
kiikaa 
whistling 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were blowing whistles 
kiikỷak 
kiikỷakʷ 
mouth whistle 
whistles 
ħimaaʔaƛ 
ħimaa 
be showing 
showing 
ħiin̉a 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
quartzes 
qʷam̉aamitʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all who were 
m̉eeʔiʔat 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
bite away 
-ˀat 
PASS 
bitten away 
. 

All the novices were blowing whistles and showing quartzes.

1.327
ħimqeeʔimɔɔ 
ħimqaa 
look out 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
-ee 
VOC 
be careful 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
spoke 
ħaw̉iiħʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chiefs 
. 

"You people look out", then spoke the chiefs.

1.328
ħimqeeʔimɔɔ 
ħimqaa 
look out 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
-ee 
VOC 
be careful! 
. 

"You people look out.

1.329
ʔuušmaqakma 
ʔuušmaqakʷ 
terrible 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is terrible 
. 

It is fearful.

1.330
ƛ̉iƛ̉imɬapakma 
DUP- 
DIST 
ƛ̉i 
shoot 
-maɬ 
move about 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
they are being shot about 
ħiin̉a 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
quartzes 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
spoke 
ħaw̉iiħʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chiefs 
. 

The quartzes are being shot about," said the chiefs.
pg. 34 begins above

1.331
t̉iỷaqstuʔaƛ 
t̉iỷaqstawiƛ 
hit 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were hit 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔaƛaqħ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
two 
. 

Two were hit.

1.332
ʔeʔimqħ 
ʔeʔim 
at first 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
at first 
ƛ̉aaƛ̉aħač̉aƛ 
ƛ̉aaƛ̉aħač 
go barefoot 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went barefoot 
hisaačiƛʔitq 
hisaačiƛ 
set out from 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where they came from 
m̉eeʔiiħitʔi 
m̉eeʔiiħ 
retrieve initiates 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones retrieving the initiates 
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went off 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
. 

As soon as they got back across they went afoot.

1.333
ħačatink̉aƛ 
ħačatinkʷ 
all together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all together did 
ʔucačiʔaƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went to 
yaayaaqħinʔaseeʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ħin1 
at the end [RL] 
-ˀas3 
in the village 
-ee 
VOC 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where was the end of the village 
čiičimcitħinʔasʔi 
DUP- 
SUF 
čama 
proper 
-cit 
on ... end 
-ħin1 
at the end [RL] 
-ˀas3 
outside 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
where was right to the end of the village 
. 

They all went to the right end of the village.

1.334
hineeʔiʔaƛ 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
entered the house 
minkšiƛ 
minkšiƛ 
make a circuit 
make a circuit 
. 

They entered the house and circled round the room.

1.335
ʔaniisiɬa 
ʔaana 
really 
-siɬa 
do 
really doing 
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went outside 
. 

Having done that, they went outside.

1.336
ʔaƛaaƛƛaa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
two of them again 
t̉iỷaqstuƛ 
t̉iỷaqstawiƛ 
hit 
hitting them 
histiiʔiƛʔitq 
histiiʔiƛ 
enter house 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who had entered the house 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
ħiin̉a 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
quartzes 
. 

Two more were hit by quartzes in that house.

1.337
hineeʔiƛƛaa 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again entered a house 
ƛaʔuuʔi 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
another 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
. 

They went into another house.

1.338
sač̉icačiƛƛaa 
sač̉icačiƛ 
continue to 
=ƛaa 
again 
they continued 
minkšiƛ 
minkšiƛ 
make a circuit 
making a circuit 
hiniiʔas 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
going outside 
. 

They circled right around and went out.

1.339
ʔaƛaaƛƛaa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
two of them again 
t̉iỷaqstuƛ 
t̉iỷaqstawiƛ 
hit 
they were hit 
ħiin̉a 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
quartzes 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
. 

Again two children were hit by quartzes.

1.340
hineeʔiƛƛaa 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again entered a house 
ƛaʔuu 
ƛaʔuˑ 
other 
other 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
. 

They entered another house.

1.341
ʔaƛaaƛƛaa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
two of them again 
t̉iỷaqstuƛ 
t̉iỷaqstawiƛ 
hit 
they were hit 
ħiin̉a 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
quartz 
. 

Again two were hit by quartzes.

1.342
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
t̉it̉imɬapap 
DUP- 
DIST 
t̉i2 
throw 
-maɬ 
move about 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
they were throwing them about in the air 
ħiin̉a 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
quartzes 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ħayuʔi 
ħayu 
ten 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the ten 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉inckʷim̉inħ 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉inckʷi 
Wolf Ritual novice 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
Wolf Ritual novices 
. 

The ten novices were throwing the quartzes about.

1.343
ʔayaaƛ 
ʔaya 
many 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
many 
t̉iʔaɬħtim 
t̉iʔaɬħtim 
get hit 
got hit 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
. 

Many little children were hit.

1.344
ƛuukʷaaniičiʔaƛ 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began to perform the Wolf Ritual 
. 

The Wolf Ritual began.
pg. 35 begins below

1.345
ʔayaaƛ 
ʔaya 
many 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
there were many 
c̉iiʕakƛim 
c̉iiʕakƛim 
trailing chanter 
trailing chanters 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
čaakupiiħ 
čakup 
man.pl 
men 
. 

There were many women and men as trailing chanters.

1.346
ħaačatiɬ 
ħačat 
all 
-iɬ1 
refer to 
they did to all 
mačinƛ 
mačinawiƛ 
enter house 
entered the houses 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
maamaħt̉i 
maħt̉ii 
house.pl 
houses 
ħayuqʷimɬ 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
there were ten 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
suč̉a 
suč̉a 
five 
five 
. 

They entered all fifteen houses; that is how many there were.

1.347
qʷam̉aamita 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-a 
ABS? 
there were that many 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷam̉aa 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
thus many 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
performed the Wolf Ritual 
ħačatak 
ħačat 
all 
all 
ʔaƛa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
two 
ʔuʔatu 
ʔuʔatu 
fall down 
fell down 
t̉iʔaɬħtim 
t̉iʔaɬħtim 
get hit 
got hit 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
become possessed 
they were initiated 
. 

This is how many were initiated into the Wolf Ritual; in each house, two children were struck down and were initiated.

1.348
caqiicħ 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
it was twenty 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
performing the Wolf Ritual 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ħayu 
ħayu 
ten 
ten 
ʔuusaaħi 
ʔuusaaħi 
for this reason 
for this reason 
ħiin̉eʔi 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the quartz 
hinimʔas 
hina 
LOC 
-imʔas 
go about village 
going about the village 
. 

Thirty were initiated by the quartzes as they went from house to house.
19) ħiin̉a is supposed to belong to wolves which causes one to become ƛuukʷaana when one is hit by it. he immediately pretends he faints and gets stiff as though he were dead.

1.349
t̉iiqstuƛma 
t̉iiqstawiƛ 
pierce 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he has been pierced by 
ƛukʷatqmis 
ƛukʷatqmis 
Wolf Ritual practice 
Wolf Ritual practice 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said now to them 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
t̉iỷaqstuƛ 
t̉iỷaqstawiƛ 
hit 
they were hit 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
hiniicsmasʔaƛ̉atqa 
hiniicsmas 
take around the village 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
taking them around the village 
. 

"The Wolf Ritual spirit has penetrated him", they said of those who were hit as they led them about the village.

1.350
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
naʔuukšiʔaƛ 
naʔuukšiƛ 
accompany 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went along with 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
t̉iʔaɬħtim 
t̉iʔaɬħtim 
get hit 
got hit 
. 

All those who had been hit went along with them.

1.351
k̉aašuk̉ʷaƛ 
k̉aašuk 
stagger 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went about reeling 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
t̉iiʔaɬħteʔi 
t̉i2 
throw 
-ʔaɬ1 
attached on 
-ħtaˑ1 
do to 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who had been hit 
. 

They went about reeling.

1.352
qʷaaʔaƛ 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were just as 
qʷeeʔiitqʔaaɬa 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
=ʔaaɬa 
=always 
that which it is like 
naqčuuʔaƛquu 
naqčuu 
drunk 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when one is drunk 
. 

They were just like when one is drunk.

1.353
yayaač̉apqatħʔaƛ 
yayaač̉apqatħ 
pretend to be in pain 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they pretended to be in pain 
. 

They pretended to be in pain.

1.354
suusuuʔaƛ̉atuk 
DUP- 
PL 
suu 
hold 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
theirs were held 
qaatỷapt̉a 
qaỷapt̉a 
leg.pl 
limbs 
. 

Their limbs were held.

1.355
yayaač̉apqatħʔaƛ 
yayaač̉apqatħ 
pretend to be in pain 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they pretended to be in pain 
ʔuʔuk̉ʷapqatħʔaƛ 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔu 
REF 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they pretend to be suffering 
yaʕaqstuƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀaqstawiƛ 
do inside 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who have been entered by 
ħiin̉a 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
quartzes 
. 

Those whose bodies have been entered by quartzes pretended to suffer pain.
pg. 36 begins above

1.356
kiikaaʔaƛ 
kiikaa 
whistling 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were blowing whistles 
. 

They keep whistling.

1.357
hineeʔiʔaƛ 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they entered the house 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔiiħʔii 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the big 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
. 

Then they entered the big house.

1.358
ʔaƛiiqšiƛita 
ʔaƛiiq 
forty 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
there were forty 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
performing the Wolf Ritual 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔuyii 
ʔuyii 
give 
giving 
qʷiyiis 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
when I was 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
ħayuqʷa 
ħayu 
ten 
-quu1 
3.CND 
since ten did 
m̉eeʔiʔat 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
bite away 
-ˀat 
PASS 
bitten away 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛqa 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
and then it was 
caqiic̉aƛ 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
twenty now 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ħayu 
ħayu 
ten 
ten 
t̉iʔaɬħtim 
t̉iʔaɬħtim 
get hit 
got hit 
ħiin̉a 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
quartzes 
qʷiyiʔitq 
qʷiyii 
when 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when they did 
hinimʔiʔaƛ 
hinimʔiƛ 
go from house to house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
go from house to house 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉inm̉inħitʔi 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉in 
Wolf Ritual initiate 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who were Wolf Ritual initiates 
. 

Forty were initiated when I gave the Ritual, for ten were captured by the wolves and thirty were hit by quartzes as the captives went from house to house.

1.359
takʷaaʔaƛ 
takʷa 
exclusively that 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were exclusively that 
ʔaanaħi 
ʔaanaħi 
just 
just 
yaʔaayaqw̉atqas 
yaqʷ 
REL.pl 
-w̉aˑt 
related to... 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
those who were my relatives 
. 

They were all my relatives.

1.360
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
tičỷaaʔaƛ 
tičỷaa 
shake off ill effects 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they shook off the bad effects 
ħačatiiʔiʔaƛʔitq 
ħačatiiʔiƛ 
all enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who had all entered the house 
. 

When all had entered, they shook off the bad effects.

1.361
huhuu 
huhuu 
+ 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
+ 
huu 
huu 
ho 
huu 
+ 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
+ 
hɔɔhɔɔ 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
muup̉itʕaƛ 
muup̉it 
four times 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
calling four times 
. 

"Huhuuwaa huuwaa haahaa", they said four times.

1.362
yaxỷaaʔaƛ 
yaxỷaa 
shake off 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they shook off 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
kaamitʕaqstinƛitqa 
kaamitʕaqstanawiƛ 
run among a group 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that they had run among them 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

They shook off from their bodies the effect of running among the wolves.

1.363
ʔiinaxiičiʔaƛ 
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
get ready 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started to get ready 
ʕacšiƛitʔi 
ʕacšiƛ 
faint 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
those who had fallen unconscious 
ʕiiʕiƛkʷačiƛ 
ʕiiʕiƛ 
wolf-skirmish 
-kʷačiƛ1 
do completely 
from wolf-skirmishing 
. 

Those who had fallen unconscious from skirmishing with the wolves got ready.

1.364
k̉ʷaaɬqiinuʔaƛ 
k̉ʷaaɬqiinawiƛ 
put branches on the head 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they put branches on their heads 
tuuħmapt 
tuuħmapt 
Sitka spruce 
Sitka Spruce 
. 

They put spruce branches on their heads.

1.365
taakʷaħtinʔak 
takʷa 
only 
-ħtin 
made of 
-ˀak 
POSS 
theirs was only 
k̉ʷaaɬqim 
k̉ʷaaɬqim 
wreath 
wreath 
. 

Theirs was only a wreath on the head.

1.366
tumisawiʔaƛ 
tumisawiƛ 
put charcoal on face 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they put charcoal on their faces 
. 

They put charcoal on their faces.

1.367
takčiikƛi 
takʷ 
each 
-či2 
at 
-ˀakƛi 
at rear 
each had at the rear 
c̉istuup 
c̉istuˑp 
rope 
rope 
maʕakƛi 
maʕakƛi 
tie line on the end 
tied on the end 
maqaɬ 
maq 
tie 
-aɬ1 
attached to 
tied on 
ħačatak 
ħačat 
all 
all 
. 

Each had a rope tied on at the back.
pg. 37 begins here

1.368
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they left the house 
takčiqƛn̉uk 
takʷ 
each 
-či2 
at 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
each having in the hand 
hisỷak 
hisỷakʷ 
club 
club 
. 

They went outside, each holding a club.

1.369
ʔuušiin̉akšiʔaƛ 
ʔuušiin̉akšiƛ 
perform imitative dance 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they performed imitative dances 
hiisiisaƛ 
hiisiisa 
strike repeatedly 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
striking 
ƛ̉imssac 
ƛ̉imssac 
kettle 
kettles 
č̉axʷac 
č̉axʷac 
pail 
pails 
. 

They began an imitative dance, beating on kettles and pails.

1.370
kiiƛkʷaʔap̉aƛ 
kiƛkʷaʔap 
shatter in pieces 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were shattering things in pieces 
. 

They were breaking things to pieces.

1.371
ħaciiỷiƛ 
ħaciiɬ 
go entire length 
-ˀiƛ 
invite [L] 
they go the entire length inviting 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all there were 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
houses 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dance 
. 

They entered all the houses doing the imitative dance.

1.372
wik 
wik 
not 
not 
č̉uučk 
č̉uučk 
all 
all 
qʷaaʔak 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀak 
POSS 
theirs are like 
ʔuušmaqakuk 
ʔuušmaqakʷ 
terrible 
-uk 
POSS 
their terrible 
ʔuušiin̉akỷak 
ʔuušiin̉akỷakʷ 
imitative dance 
imitative dance 
ħaw̉iiħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chiefs 
. 

Not all the chiefs had this fearful dance.

1.373
ʔaanasasiʔaaɬa 
ʔana 
only 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
only I had 
qʷaaʔak 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀak 
POSS 
like 
tupaati 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
ceremonial privilege 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
ʔaayeʔinɬitʔaaɬa 
ʔaayeʔinɬ 
feast with much 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
always give away a lot 
hixʷaɬtup 
hixʷaɬtup 
goods 
goods 
siỷaaʕaƛquus 
siỷaaq 
I 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
when I would do 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

Only I had this kind of tupaati, because I always gave away a great deal of goods whenever I held a Wolf Ritual.

1.374
haɬaačiƛčip 
haɬaačiƛ 
pay 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
they were paid for 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ʔuuškʷačiƛukʔi 
ʔuuš 
some 
-kʷačiƛ1 
use up 
-uk 
IMPF 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
theirs that was broken up 
. 

The owners were paid for the broken articles.

1.375
hawiiƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
they finished 
ʕacaamitʔi 
ʕacaa 
unconscious 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
those who had been unconscious 
ħaciiỷiʔaƛʔitq 
ħaciiỷiƛ 
go the length of village 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when they had gone the length of the village 
. 

Those who had been unconscious finished when they had gone through the village.

1.376
hineeʔiʔaƛ 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they entered the house 
hiɬʔiitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where it was 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

They entered the Wolf Ritual house.

1.377
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
waɬšiʔaƛ 
waɬšiƛ 
go home 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went home 
čaani 
čaani 
for a while 
for a while 
hiyiiỷatħʔitq 
hiyiis 
there on beach 
-ˀatħ1 
live at 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where they were living 
. 

Then they went to their homes for a while.

1.378
m̉aw̉aaʔaƛ 
m̉aw̉aa 
take home 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they took along with them 
ʔiinaxmakitʔi 
ʔiinaxma 
regalia 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their regalia 
puuʔakʔi 
puu 
gun 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their guns 
. 

They took their regalia and their guns with them.

1.379
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
yacmeeʔiʔaƛ 
yacmeeʔiƛ 
go about the village 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went about the village 
muučink̉aƛ 
muu 
four 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
four together 
natnaašukʔi 
našuk 
strong.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the strong ones 
ciiqciiqa 
ciiqciiqa 
speaking 
talking 
. 

Then four strong ones went together about the village speaking.
pg. 38 begins below

1.380
ɬaɬak̉ʷinmaħ 
ɬaɬak̉ʷin 
plead 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am pleading with you 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
kaʔupšiƛ 
kaʔupšiƛ 
name s.t. 
naming 
c̉ac̉awačiɬ 
DUP- 
SUF 
c̉awaˑ 
one 
-čiɬ 
name [R] 
naming one 
yaqsỷaqstiʕaqƛ̉asʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(c,k)sỷaqsti 
leading 
-ˀaˑqƛ̉as 
in the house 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who was leading in each (house) 
hineeʔiƛ 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
they entered 
yeeʔiis 
yeeʔiis 
off yonder 
off yonder 
ƛuukʷaaneʔi 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Wolf Ritual 
hiniis 
hiniis 
take along 
taking along 
qʷam̉aaqƛ̉asʔitqak 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-ˀaˑqƛ̉as 
in the house 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
everyone in yours 
wikiɬuk 
wikiɬ 
be away from home 
-uk 
POSS 
leaving none of theirs at home 
qʷam̉aaqas 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
that all of us should do 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

"I am pleading with you", they said, naming one person, the head of the house, "that you enter the Wolf Ritual along with all your household, leaving no one at home, for I am giving a Wolf Ritual".

1.381
ƛaaʔuqumỷiƛƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ˀiƛ 
invite [L] 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they invited another 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
. 

Then they invited another house.

1.382
waaƛaa 
waa 
say 
=ƛaa 
also 
they also said 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinmaħ 
ɬaɬak̉ʷin 
plead 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am pleading with you 
waaƛaa 
waa 
say 
=ƛaa 
also 
they also said 
kaʔupšiƛ 
kaʔupšiƛ 
name s.t. 
naming 
yaqsỷaqstiʕaqƛ̉asʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(c,k)sỷaqsti 
leading 
-ˀaˑqƛ̉as 
in the house 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who was leading in each (house) 
hiniicsuʔaƛ̉i 
hiniicsawiƛ 
take along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
take along 
yaʔaayaqčiqƛ̉asʔitqak 
yaqʷ 
REL.pl 
-či2 
at 
-ˀaˑqƛ̉as 
in the house 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
all those living with you in the house 
wiiwiikiɬuk 
DUP- 
SUF 
wik 
not 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-uk 
POSS 
with none of yours left in the house 
qʷam̉aaqas 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
that all of us should 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

"I am pleading with you", and they named the head of the house; "take along all in your house, leaving no one at home that all of us should perform the Wolf Ritual".

1.383
č̉uučksiik 
č̉uučk 
all 
-siikʷ 
make 
they did to all 
wawaa 
wawaa 
say 
saying 
ħaciiỷiƛ 
ħaciiɬ 
go entire length 
-ˀiƛ 
invite [L] 
they go the entire length inviting 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
maamaħt̉i 
maħt̉ii 
house.pl 
houses 
. 

They went to all the houses in the village saying this.

1.384
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
č̉uučk̉aƛ 
č̉uučk 
all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all of them now 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
men 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
ħaatħaakʷaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman.pl 
young women 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

All the people went, all the men, women, children and young women who were members of the Wolf Ritual.

1.385
ʔuʔiiʔiɬaƛ 
ʔuʔii 
go to 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went into the house 
ʔiiħukʷitqas 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my former big one 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
. 

They went into the big house I used to have.

1.386
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
wiiktaqyuʔi 
wiktaqyu 
uninitiated 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the uninitiated 
yaacšiƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
go 
. 

The uninitiated did not go.
pg. 39 begins here

1.387
wiinapiɬʔaƛ 
wiinapiɬ 
stay in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they stayed in the house 
tuuħuk̉ʷaƛ 
tuuħuk 
afraid 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
being afraid 
. 

They were afraid and stayed at home.

1.388
ʔuucħaaƛ 
ʔuucħa 
go in connection with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went to get 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
siqyuuʔaƛukqas 
siqyuu 
cooked 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
that which was my cooked 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
. 

They went to get my cooked food.

1.389
haʔukšiʔaƛ 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began to eat 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
humaqƛ 
humaqƛ 
all together 
all 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉eʔis 
little child.pl 
little children 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

The entire Tsishaa and Huupachas Tribes, (including) women and children, all who were members, began to eat.

1.390
cumaaʔaƛquu 
cumaa 
be full 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
it was full of 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔiiħitʔi 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the former big 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ʔayimtqa 
ʔaya 
many 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
there were many 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ʔiiqħii 
ʔiiqħii 
still 
still 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
. 

That big house was full of people, for there were still many people then.

1.391
naʔaataħšiʔaƛ̉i 
naʔaataħšiƛ 
listen to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
now listen! 
maatmees 
tribe 
-ee 
VOC 
O tribes 
ʔiiqħuk̉ʷaaħ 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
-ˀaaħ 
IRR 
that I may tell 
waaʔatiič 
waa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-yiič 
3.INDF.REL 
that which was said to 
ʔiiqcaapat 
ʔiiqcaapat 
Douglas Thomas 
Douglas 
ʔuħʔat 
ʔuħʔat 
by 
by 
hiisčiiqstimtʔitq 
his(t) 
LOC 
-či2 
at 
-ˀaˑqsta 
among [L] 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
those among whom he was 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
waaʔap̉aƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had him say now 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
spoke 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
. 

I had Big Joe say, "Now listen to me, O Tribes, so that I may tell you what was said to Douglas by the wolves among whom he stayed.

1.392
caacaawiɬin̉ak̉ap̉at̉im 
caacaawiɬ 
Tsaatsaawithl 
-iˑn̉akʷ 
imitate ... in dance 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
they should let you imitate Tsaatsaawithl 
n̉uw̉i 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
father 
waaʔatweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they said to him 
hiisčiiqstimtʔitq 
his(t) 
LOC 
-či2 
at 
-ˀaˑqsta 
among [L] 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
those among whom he was 
ʔuħʔat 
ʔuħʔat 
by 
by 
. 

'Get your father to let you imitate Tsaatsaawitl', they said to him.
20) caacaawiɬ - is another name given to č̉iiniiʔatħ, a kind of fairy in the woods carrying spears.

1.393
ʔuħukʷaħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
IMPF 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
it is my 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
big 
tupaati 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
ceremonial privilege 
yaqiis 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
I who am  
saayaač̉apis 
saayaač̉apis 
High-on-the-Beach 
High-on-the-Beach 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
ʔuckʷii 
ʔuckʷii 
be descended from 
be descended from 
n̉uw̉i 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
father 
waaʔatweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said to them 
ʔiiqcaapat 
ʔiiqcaapat 
Douglas Thomas 
Douglas 
. 

That is the great ceremonial right that I, High-Above, possess from my father,' Douglas was told.
pg. 40 begins here

1.394
wee 
wee2 
wa! 
wa! 
ƛ̉icaʕukʷin̉akuk̉ʷim 
ƛ̉icaʕukʷin̉akʷ 
Mouse or Rat dance 
-uk 
IMPF 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
you should make yours do a Mouse dance 
t̉an̉iičiƛʔaaqƛukčk 
t̉an̉iičiƛ 
expect a child 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-uk 
POSS 
-čk 
2s.HEARSAY 
your expected child 
waaʔatweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said to them 
. 

'Your father is descended from High-Above, and you shall have your expected child do a mouse dance.

1.395
wikħaač 
wik 
not 
-ħaˑč 
3.INTER.DUB 
isn't he 
ħaw̉iɬʔaƛ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
wealth 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
wealthy 
ʔaħn̉ii 
ʔaħn̉ii 
that 
that 
n̉uw̉i 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
father 
wikħaač 
wik 
not 
-ħaˑč 
3.INTER.DUB 
isn't he 
ʔukɬaaʔaƛ 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
named 
saayaač̉apis 
saayaač̉apis 
High-on-the-Beach 
High-on-the-Beach 
. 

Isn't your father wealthy, isn't he named High-Above?'

1.396
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
ʔuyimtʔaaɬa 
ʔuyi 
when 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
when I always 
ʔuun̉ak 
ʔuun̉akʷ 
dance 
dancing 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʔayaaƛukquus 
ʔaya 
much 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-quus 
1s.CND 
when I have much 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
ʔuuksnaaʕaɬ 
ʔuuksnaaʕaɬ 
play with 
playing with 
ƛ̉iicaʕuk 
ƛ̉icaʕuk 
mouse 
mice 
. 

For I imitate playing with mice whenever I have a lot of wealth.

1.397
nuuknaakʷitaħʔaaɬa 
nuuknaakʷ 
have a song 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
I have a song 
ʔuun̉ak̉aƛquus 
ʔuun̉akʷ 
dance 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
which goes with my dance 
. 

I have a song to go with my (mouse) dance.

1.398
naʔaataħʔi 
naʔaataħ 
listen 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
now listen! 
waaʔat 
waa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was told 
. 

He was told, 'Now listen.

1.399
ʕimtʕimtakaħ 
ʕimtʕimta 
singing words 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
there were words for mine 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
ʔuun̉akỷak 
ʔuun̉akʷ 
dance 
-ỷakʷ 
use 
for dancing 
ƛ̉iicaʕuk 
ƛ̉icaʕuk 
mouse 
mice 
wawaaʔat 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he says 
. 

There were words to my song for the mouse dance:

1.400
ʔaaktc̉upiʔaƛuksuk 
ʔakt 
gnaw 
-c̉uˑ1 
in container 
-piˑɬ1 
in the middle 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
-suˑk 
2s.ABS 
yours will be gnawed and taken to the middle of the room 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
qʷiqqʷiiqʔitq 
Fulldup- 
SUF 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
which is every kind of 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
. 

"Your wealth, all kinds of food, shall be gnawed and taken to the middle of the room."

1.401
kʷakʷipin̉ak̉ap̉imƛaa 
kʷakʷipin̉akʷ 
Black Oyster-catcher dance 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
=ƛaa 
also 
you should also have yours do Black Oyster-catcher dance 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
there 
there 
ɬuučm̉uupukʔitqak 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
-uk 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
your sister 
waaʔaƛ̉atƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
again 
he was told again 
. 

'And you will also have your sister imitate a black oyster-catcher,' he was told.
21) kʷakʷiip is a kind of seabird (Black ɔyster-catcher), black all over with red beak.

1.402
nuuknaakukʷaħƛaa 
nuuk 
song 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
-uk 
IMPF 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ƛaa 
again 
I also have a song 
kʷakʷipin̉akỷak 
kʷakʷipin̉akỷakʷ 
Black oyster-catcher dance 
Black oyster-catcher dance 
waaʔaƛ̉atƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
again 
he was told again 
. 

My oyster-catcher dance also has a song.

1.403
haamic̉aqin̉ak̉ap̉aƛ̉im 
haamac̉aqin̉akʷ 
Cannibal dance 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
have yours do a Cannibal dance 
ʔana 
ʔana 
only 
he alone 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
qaɬaatikukʔitqak 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother 
-uk 
IMPF 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
your younger brother 
waaʔaƛ̉atƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
again 
he was told again 
. 

"Have your younger brother imitate a cannibal," he was told again.
pg. 41 begins below

1.404
ʔaƛp̉iiɬukmaƛaa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉iˑɬʷ2 
...songs 
-uk 
POSS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
=ƛaa 
also 
it also has two 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
songs 
haamic̉aqin̉akỷak 
haamac̉aqin̉akỷakʷ 
cannibal dance song 
cannibal dance 
waaʔaƛ̉atƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
again 
he was told again 
. 

The cannibal dance also has two songs.

1.405
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔuuʔuum̉awama 
ʔuuʔuum̉awa 
report on 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
report on 
ʔiiqħuk 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
tell 
ʔiiqcaapat 
ʔiiqcaapat 
Douglas Thomas 
Douglas 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
. 

That is what Douglas reported", said Big Joe.

1.406
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finished 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eating 
. 

They finished eating.

1.407
ƛ̉iptqšiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉iptqšiƛ 
pack up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they packed up 
yaaqʷapuƛukʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-apawiƛ1 
leave behind [L] 
-uk 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
whatever was left over of theirs 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
m̉aamutšiʔaƛuk 
m̉aamutšiƛ 
have leftovers 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
have leftovers 
. 

They packed up the left-over food.

1.408
yacmiiɬʔaƛ 
yacmiiɬ 
walk about room 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they walked about the room 
ħaw̉iiħʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chiefs 
ɬašink̉aƛ 
ɬašinkʷ 
chosen 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
who were chosen 
. 

The chosen chiefs walked about the room.

1.409
takčiqƛn̉uk̉ʷaƛ 
takʷ 
each 
-či2 
at 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
each had in their hand 
suu 
suu 
hold 
holding 
c̉axỷak 
c̉axỷakʷ 
spear 
spear 
. 

Each held a spear.

1.410
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
there were 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
ʕimtšiʔat 
ʕimtšiʔat 
Tutuutsh 
Tutuutsh 
ɬaapinaanux 
ɬaapinaanux 
Chinook Jack 
Chinook Jack 
ɬaapħiitap 
ɬaapħiitap 
Flap-wings-in-house 
Hlaaphiitap 
ỷimħaaʔap 
ỷimħaaʔap 
Shames-Them 
Shames-Them 
ʔiyuuχum 
ʔiyuuχum 
Iyuuhum 
Iyuuhum 
. 

There were Big Joe, Tutuutsh, Chinook Jack, Hlaaphiitap, Shames-Them, Iyuuhum.
22) ʕimtšiʔat - named as Peter Kishkish's father.

1.411
čaačimħisinħap̉aƛ 
čaačimħisinħap 
keep in order 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they kept order 
. 

They kept order.

1.412
wiiksinħap̉aƛ 
wiksinħap 
forbid 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not allow 
ƛ̉iixšiƛnakquu 
ƛ̉iixšiƛ 
laugh 
-naˑkʷ 
COMPL 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that they laughed 
ʔuušimc̉uučiƛquu 
ʔuušimc̉uučiƛ 
whisper about 
-quu1 
3.CND 
if they whispered to another 
. 

They did not allow anyone to laugh or if they whispered to another.

1.413
kiikaaʔaƛ 
kiikaa 
whistling 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were whistling 
ħayuqumɬʔi 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ten 
ħiin̉a 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
quartzes 
yaaqʷiɬʔaƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
to which they were doing 
ħimqaaʔap̉inɔɔ 
ħimqaaʔap 
keep out of way 
-ˀin5 
1p.IMP 
-ee 
VOC 
keep us out of the way 
histaatuk 
histaatuk 
hear a sound from 
sounding 
č̉iħaaʔee 
č̉iħaa 
ghost 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
-ee 
VOC 
the ghost 
wawaaɬyaƛ 
wawaaɬyu 
be saying (pl.) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were saying 
ɬuucsaamiiħʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the women 
. 

The ten quartzes were whistling; the women were saying, "Keep us out of the way of the ghost that is sounding".

1.414
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛaħ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
and then I did 
t̉iqpitap̉aƛ 
t̉iqpitap 
sit s.o. up on floor 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
had them sit up on the floor 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ʕimtšiʔat 
ʕimtšiʔat 
Tutuutsh 
Tutuutsh 
ʔiyuuχum 
ʔiyuuχum 
Iyuuhum 
Iyuuhum 
k̉ʷask̉ʷiit 
k̉ʷask̉ʷiit 
Dry-Twig 
Dry-Twig 
. 

Then I had Big Joe, Tutuutsh, and Iyuuhum and Dry-Twig sit down.
23) "piece of old branch," name of Jimmie Santu's grandfather, now dead.

1.415
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷam̉aaʔap̉aƛaħ 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I had that many do 
t̉iqpiƛ 
t̉iqpiƛ 
sit on floor 
sit down 
. 

I had that many sit down.
pg. 42 begins here

1.416
takʷimyipitap̉aƛaħ 
takʷ 
each 
-imyiɬ 
move about on the floor 
-‘ipitap 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
each of mine was moving about in the room 
qaaqɬaatikukqas 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother.pl 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my younger brothers 
. 

The rest of my younger brothers were moving about the room.

1.417
ʔumiiɬinỷaƛma 
ʔumiiɬinỷu 
leave behind moving about 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
they were left moving about 
ɬaapinaanux 
ɬaapinaanux 
Chinook Jack 
Chinook Jack 
ỷimħaaʔap 
ỷimħaaʔap 
Shames-Them 
Shames-Them 
t̉ɔɔpč̉is 
t̉ɔɔpč̉is 
Mr. Bill 
Mr. Bill 
timʕaaʔa 
timʕaaʔa 
Old Dick 
Old Dick 
ɬaapħiitap 
ɬaapħiitap 
Flap-wings-in-house 
Hlaaphiitap 
qaciiwin 
qaciiwin 
David 
David 
. 

There were still going about: Chinook Jack, Shames-Them, Mr. Bill, Old Dick. Thlaaphiitap, David.

1.418
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then there were 
yaayaaqʷinksaqas 
DUP- 
SUF 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
the ones who are closest to me 
qʷiiquʔuuɬ 
q(ʷ)iiquʔuuɬ2 
Mr. Chips 
Mr. Chips 
yaap̉inat 
yaap̉inat 
William 
William 
qiiχa 
qeeχa 
Big Fred 
čaqaaʔat 
čaqaaʔat 
Gets-Shoved 
Gets-Shoved 
qiišqiša 
qiišqiš(a) 
Peter Kishkish 
Peter Kishkish 
. 

And then there were my closest relatives, Mr. Chips, William, Big Fred, Gets-Shoved, Peter.

1.419
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷam̉imyiɬinỷaƛ 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-imyiɬ 
move about on the floor 
-inỷu 
leave behind 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
that many continued to move about in the house 
. 

That many continued to move about in the house.

1.420
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
ɬaapħiitap 
ɬaapħiitap 
Flap-wings-in-house 
Hlaaphiitap 
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
ʔuušʕaƛ̉aƛ̉i 
ʔuušʕaƛ 
sound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
make a sound now! 
. 

"Well", said Thlaaphiitap, "make a sound!"

1.421
hiniiʔaƛ̉at 
hinii 
give 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was given 
kuxmin 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
wooden rattle 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
hiniiʔaƛ̉at 
hinii 
give 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was given 
kuxmin 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
wooden rattle 
qaciiwin 
qaciiwin 
David 
David 
hiniiʔaƛ̉at 
hinii 
give 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was given 
kuxmin 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
wooden rattle 
hapuuɬ 
hapuuɬ 
Boston Bob 
Boston Bob 
hiniiʔaƛ̉at 
hinii 
give 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was given 
kuxmin 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
wooden rattle 
ƛačit 
ƛačit 
Erect-on-Body 
Erect-on-Body 
hiniiʔaƛ̉at 
hinii 
give 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was given 
kuxmin 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
wooden rattle 
k̉ʷaasuwin 
k̉ʷaasawin 
Big George 
Big George 
. 

Big Joe was given a rattle, David was given a rattle, Boston Bob, Erect-on-Body, Big George [Mrs. Kwaanituh?] were given rattles.

1.422
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
čimʔaksawiʔaƛ̉i 
čimʔaksawiƛ 
get mouth ready 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
get your mouth ready! 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
t̉ɔɔpč̉is 
t̉ɔɔpč̉is 
Mr. Bill 
Mr. Bill 
. 

"Well get your lips ready", said Mr. Bill.

1.423
huuyuyuyuyuyuyuyuyu 
huuyuyuyuyuyuyuyu 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
č̉uučkʕaƛ̉aƛ 
č̉uučk 
all 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all making the sound 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
. 

"Huuyuyuyuyuyuyuyuyu huuyuyuyuyuyuyuyu", sounded all the Tsishaa and Huupachas men and women.
pg. 43 begins here

1.424
muup̉itʕaƛ̉aƛ 
muup̉it 
four times 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they made the sound now four times 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
huumaqƛʕin 
humaqƛ 
all together 
-ˀin3 
sound of [R] 
all saying together 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all the ones doing it 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

All the people made the sound four times, saying it together.

1.425
c̉iiqšiʔaƛ 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he started singing 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
. 

Big Joe began to chant.

1.426
miɬʕaƛ̉aƛ 
miɬʕaƛ 
shout in unison 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they shouted in unison 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
sing secret chant 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
kuxmatqayiim̉inħʔat 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
-ayiˑ 
give 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
the ones who had been given rattles 
. 

And all those who had been given rattles started chanting together.

1.427
t̉ickšiʔaƛ 
t̉iickšiƛ 
drum 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they beat them 
t̉ickỷak 
t̉ickỷakʷ 
drum 
drums 
. 

They beat the drums.

1.428
c̉iiqšiʔat 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they chanted 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

The people chanted.

1.429
t̉ickšiʔaƛ 
t̉iickšiƛ 
thunder 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it thundered 
maħt̉iimitʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the former house 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
huupkʷist̉asquu 
huupkʷist̉as 
rise up from the ground 
-quu1 
3.CND 
as if it was rising up from the ground 
. 

The house thundered as though it were lifting up from the ground.

1.430
c̉iiqšiʔaƛ 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started singing 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
. 

The many women chanted.

1.431
ʔaħiičiƛsa 
ʔaħ 
this 
-iičiƛ 
INC 
-sasa 
only [L] 
it got to be just like 
ʔeʔiiħʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the big ones 
muunaa 
muunaˑ 
mill 
mills 
wik̉aapšiʔat 
wik̉aapšiƛ 
not hear 
-ˀat 
PASS 
one could not hear 
ʔatquu 
ʔat 
even if 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even though 
ʔanaaqħʔic̉at 
ʔaanaqħ 
really 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-ˀat 
PASS 
the one really close 
ciiqciiqat 
ciiqciiqa 
speaking 
-ˀat 
PASS 
speaking 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔaayuu 
ʔaya 
many 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
many together 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing secret chants 
ħastk̉aqƛ 
ħastk̉aqƛ 
loud 
loudly 
ʔaayuuʔi 
ʔaayuu 
many do together 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many together 
t̉ickaa 
t̉ickaa 
drum 
drumming 
t̉ickỷak 
t̉ickỷakʷ 
drum 
drum 
. 

It got to be just like the big mills, one could not hear even if someone spoke close by because of the many chanting loudly and the many beating drums.

1.432
hitac̉upiʔaƛ 
hitac̉upiƛ 
bring to centre of room 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were brought to the centre of the room 
qʷiqqʷiq 
DUP- 
PL 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
various things 
p̉atquk 
p̉atquk 
goods 
goods 
p̉ač̉akʔaaqƛʔi 
p̉ač̉akʷ 
potlatch gift 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the intended potlatch gifts 
. 

All sorts of goods for ceremonial gifts were brought out to the centre of the room.

1.433
muuħtaakukma 
muu 
four 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-uk 
POSS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
she had four baskets 
wiicaħ 
wiicaħw̉iɬim 
Mrs. Tom Sayachapis 
Mrs. Tom 
ƛ̉apaat 
ƛ̉apaˑt 
basket 
baskets 
ʔuʔuc̉u 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔu 
REF 
-c̉uˑ1 
in container 
inside 
qicaaɬ 
qicaaɬ 
calico 
calico 
. 

Mrs. Tom had four storage baskets of calico.

1.434
ʔaƛħtaakukma 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-uk 
POSS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
she had two baskets 
p̉ač̉akʷaaʔaƛ 
p̉ač̉akʷ 
potlatch gift 
-aaʔaƛ 
destined for ... [L] 
for potlatch gifts 
ʔaƛħtaakukmaƛaa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-uk 
POSS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
=ƛaa 
again 
she had two baskets  
n̉ušỷakʷaaʔaƛ 
n̉ušỷakʷ 
portion 
-aaʔaƛ 
destined for ... [L] 
intended for giving out 
. 

She had two baskets for ceremonial gifts and two for general distribution.
pg. 44 begins here

1.435
hitac̉upiƛukʷaħ 
hitac̉upiƛ 
bring to centre of room 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I brought to the centre of the room 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ʔaƛtaqimɬ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-taqimɬ 
... group(s) 
two groups of 
huuxʷapiiħ 
huuxʷapiiħ 
ball 
balls 
c̉istuup 
c̉istuˑp 
rope 
rope 
ʕaaʕaqmaqk̉ukʷan̉uuħʔi 
ʕaaʕaqmaqk̉ukʷan̉uuħ 
hemp rope 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
hemp rope 
. 

I also had brought out to the centre of the room two balls of hemp rope.
24) ʕaaʕaqmaqk̉ukʷan̉uɬ ?

1.436
qačc̉ištaqimɬukʷaħƛaa 
qacc̉a+fr. var. of 
three 
-taqimɬ 
bundle 
-uk 
IMPF 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ƛaa 
again 
also I had three bundles of 
huuxʷapiiħ 
huuxʷapiiħ 
ball 
balls 
ʔeʔinkʷitʔisʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔanikʷit 
thin 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the thin ones 
c̉istuup 
c̉istuˑp 
rope 
lines 
čiicsħtaa 
čiicsħtaa 
fishing line 
fishing line 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
qačc̉ištaqimɬƛaa 
qacc̉a+fr. var. of 
three 
-taqimɬ 
bundle 
=ƛaa 
also 
also three bundles 
huuxʷapiiħ 
huuxʷapiiħ 
ball 
balls 
ƛukʷaqakck̉inʔisʔi 
ƛukʷaqakʷ 
large in girth 
-ck̉in 
COMPAR 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
somewhat large in girth 
c̉istuup 
c̉istuˑp 
rope 
rope 
qiƛaaqakỷak 
qiƛaaqakỷakʷ 
halibut fishing 
halibut fishing 
. 

I also had three balls of thin cord for trolling and three of stoutish line for halibut fishing.

1.437
suč̉aqimɬukʷaħƛaa 
suč̉a 
five 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ƛaa 
also 
I also had five 
k̉ʷič̉itaqimɬ 
k̉ʷič̉itaqimɬ 
large tin container 
large tin containers 
siʔiɬ 
siʔiɬ 
matchstick 
matchsticks 
. 

I also had five cans of matches.

1.438
ʔaƛqimɬčakma 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-či2 
at 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
she had two boxes of 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
ħaakʷaaƛukʷitqas 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my late daughter 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
box 
boxes 
susuup̉aħs 
DUP- 
DIST 
suup1 
soap 
-ˀaħs 
in vessel 
each containing soap 
. 

My late daughter had two boxes of soap.

1.439
ʔuħukʷaħƛaa 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ƛaa 
also 
I also had 
ʔiqcʔaħs 
ʔiqħ 
still 
-c 
facing ... 
-ˀaħs 
in vessel 
unopened 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
box 
boxes 
qʷišsac t̉apqapiiħʔi 
qʷišsac t̉apqapiiħ 
corn-cob pipe 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
corn-cob pipes 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
n̉upqimɬ 
n̉up 
one 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
one 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
box 
boxes 
qʷišaa 
qʷišaa 
tobacco 
tobacco 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛƛaa 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
=ƛaa 
again 
and then again 
ʔaƛqimɬ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
two 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
box 
boxes 
čiicsỷak 
čiicsỷakʷ 
hook 
hooks 
tutuškuuħỷak 
tutuškuuħỷakʷ 
cod fishing hook 
cod fishing 
. 

I also had an unopened box of corn-cob pipes, a box of tobacco and two boxes of codfish hooks.

1.440
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷam̉aasaħtakukʷitaħ 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-saˑħtakʷ 
... kind(s) 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
it is how many of my things there were 
. 

That is how many kinds of things I had.

1.441
ʔuuƛʔuuyaƛsi 
ʔuuƛʔuuya 
be giving to each 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I gave to each one 
ħayuuɬ 
ħayu 
ten 
-ỷaɬ 
... fathoms 
ten fathoms 
ƛukʷiitʔi 
ƛukʷiit 
large in girth 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
stout 
c̉istup 
c̉istuˑp 
rope 
rope 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
. 

I gave each person ten fathoms of thick rope.
pg. 45 begins here

1.442
t̉ayuusimỷakʷaaʔaƛuk̉ʷap̉aƛsi 
t̉ayuusim 
anchor 
-ỷakʷ 
for the purpose of... 
-aaʔaƛ 
destined for ... [L] 
-uk 
POSS 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
mine were for anchoring 
. 

Mine (the ropes) were for anchoring.

1.443
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
ʔuỷakuk̉ʷap̉aƛsi 
ʔuỷakʷ 
used for 
-uk 
POSS 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I gave them to be used for 
ƛ̉uušapasỷak 
ƛ̉uušapasỷakʷ 
clothesline 
clothesline 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
ʔanikitʔisʔi 
ʔanikʷit 
thin 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the thin 
c̉istuup 
c̉istuˑp 
rope 
rope 
. 

And I gave the women thin rope for hanging clothes.

1.444
n̉uun̉uuptaqimɬayiʔaaɬʔaƛsi 
DUP- 
DIST 
n̉up 
one 
-taqimɬ 
bundle 
-ayiˑ 
give 
-ʔaaɬ2 
each 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I gave one bundle to each 
mamaaƛħseʔi 
DUP- 
DIST 
maƛħsaa 
tied bundle 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
a bundle to each 
čiicsỷak 
čiicsỷakʷ 
hook 
hooks 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
. 

I gave one bundle of hooks to each person.

1.445
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they also now 
ʔuuʔumħaƛuk 
ʔuʔumħi 
appropriate 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
have an appropriate 
ʔaniks 
ʔaniks 
in length 
so much in length 
qiƛaaqħteʔi 
qiƛaaqħta 
halibut fishing line 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
halibut line 
ƛukʷiitck̉in 
ƛukʷiit 
large in girth 
-ck̉in 
COMPAR 
fairly stout 
c̉istuup 
c̉istuˑp 
rope 
rope 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
ʔaanasimʔitq 
ʔana 
thus much 
-sim2 
need 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which is necessary for 
qiƛaaqak̉aƛ̉atquu 
qiƛaˑq 
fish for halibut 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when one does fishing for halibut 
. 

Each person also got a sufficient length of stout halibut line for halibut fishing.

1.446
ʔaƛpup̉initma 
ʔaƛpu 
seven 
-p̉it3 
... times 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
there was seven times 
ħayu 
ħayu 
ten 
ten 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔanaaƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
only 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
ħayu 
ħayu 
ten 
ten 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
muu 
muu 
four 
four 
. 

There were seventy Tsishaa but only fourteen Huupachas men.

1.447
qʷaam̉uuwaƛ 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were all working together 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
p̉aaƛp̉aaya 
p̉aaƛp̉aaya 
giving a potlatch 
giving a potlatch 
qʷam̉imyiɬukqas 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-imyiɬ 
move about on the floor 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
all moving about in my house 
yacmiiɬ 
yacmiiɬ 
serve 
serving them 
qʷayiyuqʷaƛ 
qʷaa 
thus 
-iˑyuqʷa 
do to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
doing thus to 
t̉ickeeʔi 
t̉ickaa 
drum 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were drumming 
c̉iiqeeʔi 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were chanting 
hiitakʷačiʔaƛ 
hitakʷačiƛ 
use up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
using up 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
property 
. 

All the people that were moving about giving potlatch gifts for me, while the ones beating drums and singing chants were doing so, used up all of the property.

1.448
siỷaaʕaƛqas 
siỷaaq 
I 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I now was 
pɔɔs 
pɔɔs 
boss 
boss 
qʷeeʔiič 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀiˑč2 
2p>3.IMP 
do thus 
wawaa 
wawaa 
say 
saying 
. 

I, on my part, was the boss, telling them, "do thus".

1.449
ʔaƛaapqas 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I had two doing 
suu 
suu 
hold 
holding 
c̉istuupʔi 
c̉istuˑp 
rope 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the rope 
c̉awaak̉aƛ 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
one doing now 
n̉ušħsii 
n̉ušħsii 
distributor 
distributor 
. 

I had two people holding the rope and the one handing out property.
pg. 46 begins here

1.450
ʔumaak̉apsi 
ʔumaak̉ap 
scare s.o. 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I was afraid to 
hayuxuuƛquu 
hayuxawiƛ 
make a mistake 
-quu1 
3.CND 
make a mistake 
ʔaaƛuuquu 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that two acting together 
ʔuuyi 
ʔuyi 
so that 
so that 
. 

I did it that way in order not to make a mistake by having two people doing it.

1.451
ħaasiƛ 
ħaasiƛ1 
distribute to 
it was distributed to 
muyiiqʔi 
muyiiq 
eighty 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the eighty 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
muu 
muu 
four 
four 
hišink 
hišinkʷ 
together with 
together with 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
. 

The eighty-four Tsishaa and Huupachas all received things.

1.452
ʔaƛsaatħink̉aƛ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-saˑtħ 
... many tribes 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
the two tribes together were 
qʷam̉aa 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
thus many 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
muyiiq 
muyiiq 
eighty 
eighty 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
muu 
muu 
four 
four 
. 

The two tribes together numbered eighty-four.

1.453
ʔayup̉inqsak 
ʔaya 
many 
-p̉inq 
... times around 
-sasa 
precisely [L] 
-ˀak 
POSS 
many times it went around 
qʷišeeʔi 
qʷišaa 
tobacco 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the tobacco 
. 

The tobacco went around many times.

1.454
ʔaƛiicssi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-iics 
take ... along 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I passed out two 
čaani 
čaani 
at first 
first 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
. 

At first I passed out two (plugs of tobacco) each to men and women and one to each child.

1.455
kam̉uuk̉ʷaɬšiƛʔis 
kam̉aˑ_ʔis 
few 
-ˀiyuk̉ʷaɬ 
be absent 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ʔis 
DIM 
not much disappeared  
c̉awaačiʔi 
c̉awaˑ 
one 
-či2 
at 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
in one 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
box 
box 
qʷišaa 
qʷišaa 
tobacco 
tobacco 
. 

There was just a little less tobacco in the box.

1.456
huʔaassiƛaa 
huʔaas 
once again 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
once again I did 
n̉uššiƛ 
n̉uššiƛ 
distribute property 
distributing property 
ʔiiqm̉aayiʔaaɬsiƛaa 
ʔiq 
same 
-m̉aˑ 
as far as 
-ayiˑ 
give 
-ʔaaɬ2 
each 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
again I gave the same amount to each 
ʔaƛa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
two 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
man 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
ɬuucsma 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
woman 
. 

Again I distributed the same amount, two to each man and woman.

1.457
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
they also did 
ʔaƛiis 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ˀiˑs1 
consume 
got two 
. 

Each got two.

1.458
c̉awiisʔaƛ 
c̉awaˑ 
one 
-ˀiˑs1 
consume 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they got one 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
. 

The children got one.

1.459
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
k̉ʷInterlinšiʔaƛ 
k̉ʷInterlinšiƛ 
diminish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
diminish 
qʷišeeʔi 
qʷišaa 
tobacco 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the tobacco 
kam̉iičiƛʔic̉aƛ 
kam̉iičiƛ 
reduce to a few 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was reduced to little 
. 

The bulk grew smaller, there was little left.

1.460
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then 
c̉awiicsʔaƛ 
c̉awaˑ 
one 
-iics 
take ... along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
pass out one 
huuʔasʔaƛqasƛaa 
huʔaas 
once again 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
=ƛaa 
again 
I did once again 
. 

So I passed out one more round.

1.461
c̉aawaayiʔaaɬʔaƛsi 
c̉awaˑ 
one 
-ayiˑ 
give 
-ʔaaɬ2 
each 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I gave one to each 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
. 

I gave one to each man and woman.
pg. 47 begins here

1.462
susuč̉iičiʔaƛuk 
DUP- 
DIST 
suč̉a 
five 
-iičiƛ 
INC 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
they now came to have five 
qʷišaa 
qʷišaa 
tobacco 
tobacco 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
čakup 
čakup 
man 
man 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
ɬuucsma 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
woman 
ʔaʔaƛ̉aƛuk 
DUP- 
DIST 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
each now had two 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
t̉aatn̉eʔisʔi 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the little children 
. 

Each man and woman now had five, the children each had two.

1.463
kam̉iičiƛʔic̉aƛ 
kam̉iičiƛ 
reduce to a few 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was reduced to little 
qʷišeeʔi 
qʷišaa 
tobacco 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the tobacco 
. 

The tobacco was reduced to a little.

1.464
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then 
t̉apatšiʔaƛƛaa 
t̉apatšiƛ 
deliberate 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
thought about it again 
ʔanaħtaƛsi 
ʔana 
only 
-ħtaˑ1 
do to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I did only now to 
čaakupiiħʔi 
čakup 
man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the men 
c̉aaƛc̉aawayaƛ 
CVƛdup- 
REP 
c̉awaˑ 
one 
-ayiˑ 
give 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
giving one to each 
. 

I thought about it and distributed one apiece to the men only.

1.465
ħaasiʔaƛƛaa 
ħaasiƛ1 
distribute to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they were all served 
. 

Again, they were all served

1.466
ƛaħʔaƛ 
ƛaħʷ 
at present 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
then now there was 
kaam̉aapuƛʔic̉aƛ 
kam̉aˑ_ʔis 
few 
-apawiƛ1 
leave behind [L] 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
there were now just a few left over 
n̉uupuupuʔaƛ 
n̉upu 
six 
-apawiƛ1 
leave behind [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
six left over now 
. 

There were a few, six, left over.

1.467
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then did 
ʔuuciiỷap̉aƛ 
ʔuuciiỷap 
keep s.t. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
gave them to 
yacmiiɬm̉inħʔi 
yacmiiɬ 
serve 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were serving them 
yaaqʷapuʔaƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-apawiƛ1 
leave behind [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were remaining 
. 

I gave them (boxes of tobacco) to those who were waiting on the guests who were still there.

1.468
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then 
qʷišsac 
qʷišsac 
pipe 
pipes 
ʔuuħuup̉aƛƛaa 
ʔuuħawup 
place in front of 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
presented with 
n̉upc̉iqiisʔaƛsi 
n̉up 
one 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
-iics 
take ... along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I passed out one 
c̉awaaƛ 
c̉awaˑ 
one 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
one 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
young men 
ħaatħaakʷaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman.pl 
young women 
. 

Then I presented pipes passing out one to each man and woman, including youths.

1.469
ħaasiʔaƛƛaa 
ħaasiƛ1 
distribute to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they were all served 
. 

They were all served.

1.470
wim̉aaqƛ̉aƛ 
wim̉aaqƛ 
cannot 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it could not 
ħaasiƛquu 
ħaasiƛ1 
distribute to 
-quu1 
3.CND 
distribute 
. 

It could not go around again.

1.471
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then did 
ʔanasiħʔiip̉aƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-siˑħʔiip 
present gifts to ... 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
only present to 
čaakupiiħ 
čakup 
man.pl 
men 
. 

I then gave only to the men.

1.472
ħaasiʔaƛƛaa 
ħaasiƛ1 
distribute to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they were all served 
čaakupiiħ 
čakup 
man.pl 
men 
. 

Again all the men were served.

1.473
ʔaƛc̉iqšiʔaƛuk 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
they got two  
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
ʔanaaƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
only 
n̉un̉upc̉iqšiƛuk 
DUP- 
DIST 
n̉up 
one 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-uk 
POSS 
they only got one each 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
. 

They got two apiece but the women got only one.

1.474
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
sukʷiʔaƛsi 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I took them 
suč̉ac̉iqčiʔi 
suč̉a 
five 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
-či2 
at 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones in five containers 
k̉ʷič̉itaqimɬ 
k̉ʷič̉itaqimɬ 
large tin container 
large tin containers 
siʔiɬ 
siʔiɬ 
matchstick 
matchsticks 
. 

Then I took the five cans of matches.
pg. 48 begins above

1.475
n̉uptaqimɬiicsʔičim 
n̉up 
one 
-taqimɬ 
bundle 
-iics 
take ... along 
-ˀiˑčim 
2>3p.FUT.IMP 
take one bundle to them 
ƛ̉aʕiik 
ƛ̉aʕiikʷ 
in a bundle 
in a bundle 
c̉awaaƛ 
c̉awaˑ 
one 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
one 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
man 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
young men 
ħaatħaakʷaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman.pl 
young women 
waaʔaƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I said now 
yacmiiɬħsim̉inħukqas 
yacmiiɬ 
serve 
-(q)ħsiˑ 
...-er 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I did to my attendants 
. 

"Distribute one bundle to each person (including) women, children, young men and girls", I said to my attendants.

1.476
ħaasiƛƛaa 
ħaasiƛ1 
distribute to 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they were served 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
muuc̉iqkʷačiƛ 
muu 
four 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
-kʷačiƛ1 
do completely 
four were passed out 
k̉ʷič̉itaqimɬ 
k̉ʷič̉itaqimɬ 
large tin container 
large tin containers 
n̉uupc̉iqapuƛ 
n̉up 
one 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
-apawiƛ1 
leave behind [L] 
one can remained 
ƛ̉isaqimɬ 
ƛ̉isaqimɬ 
can 
can 
. 

All the men and women were served, four cans were given away and one was left.

1.477
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then did 
ʔanačinup̉aƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-činawup 
put into a container 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
only gave to 
ʔeʔiič̉imʔi 
ʔiič̉im 
elder.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the old people 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
n̉upc̉iqʔi 
n̉up 
one 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
one 
ʔuʔakʷaỷap̉aƛ 
ʔuʔakʷaỷap 
use up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
using it up 
. 

Then I gave only to the old people and exhausted that one can.

1.478
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then 
n̉uupqimɬa 
n̉up 
one 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-a 
ABS? 
did one 
n̉uup̉aƛƛaa 
n̉up 
one 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again one 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
k̉aħw̉aat 
k̉aħw̉aat 
half dollar 
half dollar 
qʷayac̉iiktaqimɬ 
qʷayac̉iiktaqimɬ 
Wolf tribe 
Wolf tribe 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
refer to 
caqiic 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
twenty 
qʷayac̉iiktaqimɬ 
qʷayac̉iiktaqimɬ 
Wolf tribe 
Wolf tribe 
. 

Then I passed out a dollar and a half to the twenty wolf bands;

1.479
yaqʷinƛqas 
yaqʷaanaw̉iƛ 
it is for that reason 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
so for that reason I did 
caqiicqimɬkʷačiƛ 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-kʷačiƛ1 
do completely 
twenty were done completely 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ħayu 
ħayu 
ten 
ten 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
. 

thus I gave away thirty dollars in total.

1.480
ʔuupimaqsapħʔaƛsi 
ʔuupi1 
exceedingly 
-maq 
... quality 
-saˑp 
PRF.CAUS 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
in addition I did 
ʔaayan̉uuƛ 
ʔaya 
many 
-an̉awiƛ 
distribute to 
distributed to many 
hiyiqtupʔi 
hihiqtup 
all sorts of things 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
all sorts of things 
. 

In addition, I passed out many different things.

1.481
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʕasp̉awup̉aƛ 
ʕasp̉awup 
pay 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were paid 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
qʷam̉aamitʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all who were 
m̉eeʔiʔatuk 
m̉eeʔiƛ 
bite away 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
they who were bitten away 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
ʔuukʷiɬaƛ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
referring to 
haɬaačiƛ 
haɬaačiƛ 
pay 
paying 
caqiicʔi 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the twenty 
qʷayac̉iiktaqimɬ 
qʷayac̉iiktaqimɬ 
Wolf tribe 
Wolf tribe 
. 

Then the others whose children were novices paid off the twenty wolf bands.
pg. 49 begins above

1.482
k̉aaħw̉aatan̉uupšiiɬʔaƛ 
k̉aħw̉aat 
half dollar 
-aˑn̉awup 
all along ... [L] 
-šiiɬ 
ITER [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they passed out half dollars 
ʔuukʷaɬšiiɬaqaƛ 
ʔuukʷaaɬšiiɬ 
give away at intervals 
-šiiɬ 
ITER [L] 
-aq 
very 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
give away 
ħayuqumɬ 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
ten 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
c̉awaakqħ 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
each one 
. 

They passed out half dollars, each one gave away ten dollars.

1.483
muumuuqumɬšiʔaƛuk 
DUP- 
DIST 
muu 
four 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
each got four 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
c̉awaakqħ 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
one was 
qʷayac̉iiktaqimɬ 
qʷayac̉iiktaqimɬ 
Wolf tribe 
Wolf tribe 
ʔuusaaħi 
ʔuusaaħi 
for this reason 
for this reason 
ƛaƛuuʔi 
ƛaʔuˑ 
other.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the others 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉inm̉inħuk 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉in 
Wolf Ritual initiate 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-uk 
POSS 
whose had been taken away by the wolves 
t̉aatn̉a 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
children 
. 

Each wolf band got four dollars from the other parents whose children had been taken by the wolves.

1.484
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
suč̉aqimɬšiʔaƛuk 
suč̉a 
five 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
they got five 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
k̉aħw̉aat 
k̉aħw̉aat 
half dollar 
half dollar 
ʔuusaaħaƛ 
ʔuusaaħi 
for this reason 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
because of 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
n̉un̉uupqimɬayiqas 
DUP- 
DIST 
n̉up 
one 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ayiˑ 
give 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I gave one to each  
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
k̉aħw̉aat 
k̉aħw̉aat 
half dollar 
half dollar 
. 

Then they had five and a half dollars because I had given them a dollar and a half.

1.485
n̉uššiʔaƛ 
n̉uššiƛ 
distribute property 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she handed out 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ħeeč̉is 
ħeeč̉is 
Hachaa-Woman 
Mrs. Tom 
kiƛuuk 
kiƛuuk 
dish 
dishes 
qicaaɬ 
qicaaɬ 
calico 
calico 
muuỷaɬqčik 
muu 
four 
-ỷaɬ 
... fathoms 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
four fathoms of 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
ɬuucsma 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
woman 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
daughter 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
man 
. 

Mrs. Tom distributed dishes and four fathoms of calico to each woman, girl and man.

1.486
suč̉iiɬʔaƛuk 
suč̉a 
five 
-ỷaɬ 
... fathoms 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
they got five fathoms 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
qʷayac̉iiktaqimɬ 
qʷayac̉iiktaqimɬ 
Wolf tribe 
Wolf tribe 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
each one 
. 

Each wolf band got five fathoms of calico.

1.487
ʔaƛħtaakkʷačiƛ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-kʷačiƛ1 
do completely 
she did to two containers 
ƛ̉apaat 
ƛ̉apaˑt 
basket 
baskets 
wiwiikc̉inƛ 
DUP- 
PL 
wikc̉inawiƛ 
empty a container 
emptying containers 
qicaaɬ 
qicaaɬ 
calico 
calico 
. 

She emptied five storage baskets of calico.
pg. 50 begins below

1.488
n̉uššiʔaƛ 
n̉uššiƛ 
distribute property 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she distributed 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ħaakʷaaƛukʷitqas 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
-uk 
IMPF 
-(m)it 
former 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my late daughter 
suup 
suup1 
soap 
soap 
n̉upqimɬiisqčik 
n̉up 
one 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
going along giving one 
suup 
suup1 
soap 
soap 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
man 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
young men 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
ʔanaaƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they only did 
qʷayac̉iiktaqimɬ 
qʷayac̉iiktaqimɬ 
Wolf tribe 
Wolf tribe 
ʔaʔaƛqimỷisʔaƛ 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ˀiˑs1 
consume 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they got two each 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
c̉awaakqħ 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
each one 
. 

And my late daughter distributed soap, giving out one to a person (including) women and young men and children, but the wolf bands received two apiece.

1.489
p̉ačiƛƛaa 
p̉ačiƛ 
give gift at potlatch 
=ƛaa 
=also 
she also gave a gift 
ħaakʷaaƛukʷitqas 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
-uk 
IMPF 
-(m)it 
former 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my late daughter 
n̉ip̉at̉u 
n̉ip̉at̉u 
thread 
thread 
qač̉ak 
qač̉akʷ 
needle 
needles 
huupkswinɬ 
huupkswinɬ 
button 
buttons 
huumaqƛiɬ 
humaqƛ 
all together 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
to all 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Hupachas tribe 
c̉ic̉išaʔaqsup 
DUP- 
PL 
c̉išaaʔaqsup 
Tsishaath woman 
Tsishaa women 
huuhuupač̉asʔaqsup 
DUP- 
PL 
huupač̉asʔaqsup 
Huupachas woman 
Huupachas women 
t̉aatn̉eʔisʔi 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the little children 
. 

My daughter also presented sewing thread, needles, and buttons to the entire Tsishaa and Huupachas Tribes, including the Tsishaa and Huupachas women and the children.

1.490
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷam̉aaštupukʷitaħ 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-(š)tuˑp 
... kind 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
mine had thus many 
p̉ač̉ak 
p̉ač̉akʷ 
potlatch gift 
potlatch gifts 
hišinkqħ 
hišinkʷ 
get together 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
doing together 
ɬuucsmaakqas 
ɬuucsma 
wife 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my wife 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ħaakʷaaƛukʷitqas 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my late daughter 
. 

My wife and late daughter together had many kinds of goods.

1.491
p̉ačiʔaƛ 
p̉ačiƛ 
give gift at potlatch 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they gave potlatch gifts to 
caqiicʔi 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the twenty 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ħayu 
ħayu 
ten 
ten 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
t̉iʔaɬħtimckʷim̉inħʔi 
t̉iʔaɬħtim 
get hit 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who had been hit by 
ħiin̉a 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
quartzes 
. 

They made presents to the thirty novices who had been hit by quartzes.

1.492
ʔuʔakʷačiʔaƛ 
ʔuʔakʷačiƛ1 
give away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they gave away 
kiƛuuk 
kiƛuuk 
dish 
dishes 
kʷaasac̉us 
kʷaasac̉us 
chair 
chairs 
qʷiqqʷiiqʔitq 
Fulldup- 
SUF 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
which is every kind of 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
. 

They gave away dishes, chairs and all kinds of things.

1.493
ʔanicatuk 
ʔanicatuk 
for how long 
for so long 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing secret chants 
t̉ickaa 
t̉ickaa 
drum 
drumming 
ʔanicšiƛqin 
ʔanicšiƛ 
do thus 
-qin 
1p.REL 
while we were doing thus 
p̉aaƛp̉aaya 
p̉aaƛp̉aaya 
giving a potlatch 
giving a potlatch 
. 

The chanting and drumming continued all the time we were making presents.

1.494
ɬiiʔaacitšiƛ 
ɬiiʔaacitšiƛ 
go past 
it went past 
ʔapw̉in ʔatħii 
ʔapw̉in ʔatħii 
midnight 
midnight 
. 

It was past midnight.
pg. 51 begins here

1.495
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finished 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing secret chants 
t̉ickaa 
t̉ickaa 
drum 
drumming 
hawiiʔaƛqin 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qin 
1p.REL 
when we were finished 
p̉aaƛp̉aaya 
p̉aaƛp̉aaya 
giving a potlatch 
giving a potlatch 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔanicqaʔaaɬa 
ʔanic 
thus 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
it is always so 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing secret chant 
ʔanicšiƛʔitq 
ʔanicšiƛ 
do thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who do so 
p̉aaƛp̉aaya 
p̉aaƛp̉aaya 
giving a potlatch 
giving a potlatch 
yaquusi 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(w)uusi 
3.Rel.Dub 
when one does  
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

The chanting and drumming stopped when we finished making presents, because that is the practice when one gives a Wolf Ritual.

1.496
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hawiiʔaaqƛʔitq 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when it was finishing 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing secret chant 
t̉ickaa 
t̉ickaa 
drum 
drumming 
ɬinqšiʔaƛ 
ɬinqšiƛ 
trill 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they made a whirring sound 
. 

At the close of the chanting and drumming they made a whirring sound with the lips.

1.497
miɬʕaƛ̉aƛ 
miɬʕaƛ 
shout in unison 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they shout in unison 
wikʕaƛsaʕasʔaƛquu 
wikʕaƛ 
be silent 
-saˑp 
PRF.CAUS 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
then theirs stop sounding 
kuxminʔakʔi 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their rattles 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
bibibibibibibi 
waaỷakƛinup̉aƛ 
waaỷakƛinawup 
say in conclusion 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say in conclusion 
. 

They shout in unison then their rattles stop sounding, and then they finish by saying, "bibibibi".

1.498
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
wikʕaƛšiʔaƛ 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
be silent 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they became silent 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing secret chants 
wikʕaƛšiʔaƛuk 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
be silent 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
their rattles stop sounding 
kuxmin 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
wooden rattle 
. 

Then they stopped chanting and their rattles stopped sounding.

1.499
ʔaniyaqa 
ʔana 
only 
-(y)iya 
at ... time 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
when they are about to do 
ʔeʔimʔaƛquu 
ʔeʔim 
at first 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
as soon as they do 
c̉iiqšiƛ̉as 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
-ˀas5 
go to 
they sing 
huyuyuyuyuyuyu 
huyuyuyuyuyuyuyuyu 
huyuyuyuyuyuyuyuyu 
huyuyuyuyuyuyu 
waa 
waa 
say 
they say it 
muup̉it̉aƛ 
muu 
four 
-p̉it3 
... times 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
do it four times 
ħaačatuu 
ħačat 
all 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
all together 
. 

When they are first about to chant, they sing, "huyuyuyuyuyuyu huyuyuyuyuyuyuyuyu huyuyuyuyuyuyuyuyu huyuyuyuyuyuyu"; they say it four times all together.

1.500
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
huuħtakšiiħšiʔaƛ 
huuħtakšiiħšiƛ 
practise 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they start practising 
qʷiiqʷiin̉akʔaaqƛʔitq 
DUP- 
PL 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-iˑn̉akʷ 
imitate ... in dance 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the different imitative dances 
. 

They then start practising the different imitative dances.
pg. 52 begins here

1.501
ʔuwiic̉uɬʔaƛ 
ʔuwii 
be first 
-ʔaˑc̉awiɬ 
against a surface 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they are the first ones to practise 
yaqsỷaqstiʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(c,k)sỷaqsti 
leading 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who are leading 
kamatšiʔaƛuk 
kamatšiƛ 
find out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
theirs then becomes known 
qʷiin̉akʔaaqƛii 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-iˑn̉akʷ 
imitate ... in dance 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
that which they will perform 
. 

The first to practice are the ones in whose honour the ceremony is given; their imitative dance is announced.

1.502
ʔuwiic̉uɬʔaƛ 
ʔuwii 
be first 
-ʔaˑc̉awiɬ 
against a surface 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they are the first ones to practise 
suwaayukquuʔuƛ 
suwaayukquuʔuƛ 
Thundering-on-point-of-rock 
Mrs. Douglas 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
hiixuqʕinʔis 
hiixuqʕinʔis 
Alex Thomas 
Alex Thomas 
wikỷuu 
wikỷuu 
not yet 
he had not yet 
ʔiiqħii 
ʔiiqħii 
still 
still 
hiinuumaɬ 
hiinuumaɬ 
be born 
be born 
. 

Mrs. Douglas and Alex Thomas, who was still not yet born, practised first.

1.503
ƛ̉icaʕukʷin̉ak̉aƛ 
ƛ̉icaʕukʷin̉akʷ 
Mouse or Rat dance 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did a Mouse dance 
. 

They did a Mouse dance.

1.504
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
huuħtakšiiħʔap 
huuħtakšiiħsap 
make s.o. practise 
they made then practice 
huħtakʔi 
huħtakʷ 
know how 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were knowledgeable at it 
. 

Those who knew it made them practise.

1.505
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
maanapiʔaƛ 
maanapiƛ 
rehearse 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they rehearsed 
qʷam̉aaʔaaqƛʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all of those who were to do 
suukʷita 
suukʷita 
dance-helpers 
dance-helpers 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
yaqsỷaqstiʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(c,k)sỷaqsti 
leading 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who are leading 
. 

All who were to be dance-helpers and main dancers tried it out.

1.506
caqiicukʷita 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
he had twenty 
suukʷita 
suukʷita 
dance-helpers 
dance-helpers 
hiixuqʕinʔis 
hiixuqʕinʔis 
Alex Thomas 
Alex Thomas 
wikỷuuyii 
wikỷuu 
not yet 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
who was not yet 
hiinuumaɬ 
hiinuumaɬ 
be born 
be born 
caqiic 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
twenty 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
young men 
suukʷita 
suukʷita 
dance-helpers 
dance-helpers 
. 

Alex, though not yet born, had twenty young men as dance-helpers.

1.507
muu 
muu 
four 
there were four 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
mothers 
ʔuʔuk̉ʷič 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔuk̉ʷič 
wearing 
wearing 
mucmuħaq 
mucmuħaq 
bearskin 
bearskins 
ʔuʔuqƛn̉uk 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔuqƛn̉uk 
hold in hands 
they held in their hands 
ʕakỷak 
ʕakỷakʷ 
knife 
knife 
ƛ̉iicaan̉uʕiħta 
ƛ̉ic 
white 
-aˑn̉uʔiħta 
along the nose [L] 
they were white along the nose 
. 

There were four mothers each clothed in a bearskin and holding a knife and each with a white streak along the nose.

1.508
n̉aapsaħi 
n̉apsaˑ 
all in same way 
-ħiˑ 
IMPF 
all were that way 
kaakaačʕaqƛsat̉a 
DUP- 
PL 
kaačʕaqƛsat̉a 
have hair in knot at the forehead 
all having their hair in a knot at the forehead 
. 

All had their hair tied in a knot at the forehead.

1.509
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
they were 
huħtak 
huħtakʷ 
know how 
knew how 
nanašʔaqƛʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
našʔaqƛ 
strongman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
strongmen 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
young man 
. 

They were strong young men who knew how to do it.
pg. 53 begins below

1.510
hiɬasħuɬ 
hiɬasħuɬ 
chest 
they were at their chests 
kʷikʷinksum̉inħʔatʔi 
kʷikʷinksu 
hand 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their hands 
qʷaaqħ 
qʷaa 
thus 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
being thus 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
yackaa 
yackaa 
stepping rapidly 
stepping rapidly 
k̉aak̉aašpaɬšiiɬ 
k̉aak̉aašpaɬšiiɬ 
bending back and forth [PL] 
bending back and forth 
ʔanaačiɬqčikʔis 
ʔanač 
that much 
-či2 
at 
-‘iɬ3 
on the floor 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ʔis 
DIM 
going along close to the floor 
takčic̉uqʷa 
takʷ 
each 
-či2 
at 
-c̉uqʷa 
in the mouth 
each having in the mouth 
k̉iitqỷak 
k̉iitqỷakʷ 
whistle 
whistle 
. 

They had their hands at their breasts and in that position went along in rapid steps bending back and forth and keeping themselves close to the floor (knees bent); each had a whistle in his mouth.

1.511
wik̉apsi 
wik 
not 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I didn't do 
čaani 
čaani 
at first 
first 
kaƛħšiƛ 
kaƛħšiƛ 
appear 
appear 
nuukʔii 
nuuk 
song 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the song 
ʔuun̉akỷak 
ʔuun̉akʷ 
dance 
-ỷakʷ 
for the purpose of... 
for dancing 
. 

I did not at first come out with the song for that dance.

1.512
huptaaʔapsi 
huptaaʔap 
keep secret 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I kept it secret 
čaani 
čaani 
for a while 
for a while 
. 

I kept it secret for the moment.

1.513
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
huuħtakšiiħšiʔaƛ 
huuħtakšiiħšiƛ 
practise 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they start practising 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
caacaawiɬin̉akʔi 
caacaawiɬin̉akʷ 
Tsaatsaawithl dance 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
Tsaatsaawithl dance 
. 

Then they started practicing the Tsaatsaawithl dance.

1.514
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
also now 
huuħtakšiiħšiƛ 
huuħtakšiiħšiƛ 
practise 
he practised 
ʔiiqcaapat 
ʔiiqcaapat 
Douglas Thomas 
Douglas 
. 

Douglas also practised.

1.515
takčiqƛn̉uk 
takʷ 
each 
-či2 
at 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
each had in the hand 
suu 
suu 
hold 
holding 
ħumiis 
ħumiis 
(cedar) stick 
(cedar) stick 
ʕaʕaakʷan̉uuħuk 
DUP- 
PL 
ʕaakʷan̉uɬ 
whittled stick 
-uk 
POSS 
whittled 
qʷaqʷaaħan̉uuħ 
DUP- 
PL 
qʷaaħan̉uuɬ 
daubed in red along length 
daubed in red along length 
. 

Each dancer held a whittled stick daubed with red paint.

1.516
miiɬħii 
miiɬħii 
same 
they are the same 
k̉ʷaak̉ʷaaɬiic 
DUP- 
PL 
k̉ʷaaɬiic 
branches around head 
branches around their heads 
tumisuɬm̉inħ 
tumisuɬ 
blacken the face 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
faces blackened 
k̉ʷaaɬw̉inqħ 
k̉ʷaaɬw̉in 
branches around the waist 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
having branches around their waists 
. 

All have branches around their heads and charcoal on their faces, also having branches around their waists.

1.517
suʔiħta 
suʔiħta 
hold the tip 
holding the tip 
qacaasʔi 
qaccaas 
left hand 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
left hand 
sum̉iỷakƛaƛ 
sum̉iỷakƛi 
back end 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
back end 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
čimcaasʔi 
čimcaas 
right hand 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the right hand 
. 

The left hand holds the spear point and the right hand the back end.

1.518
ʔuwiiʔaƛ 
ʔuwii 
be first 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was first 
čimcaasʔi 
čimcaas 
right hand 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the right side 
c̉uqħtačiƛ 
c̉uqħtačiƛ 
strike at 
striking 
. 

First the right hand strikes outward.

1.519
huy 
hu(u)y 
huy! 
huy 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
. 

"Huy", they say.

1.520
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
qacaasʔi 
qaccaas 
left hand 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
left hand 
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it also now does 
c̉uqħtačiƛ 
c̉uqħtačiƛ 
strike at 
it strikes 
. 

Then the left hand strikes outward.

1.521
haa 
haa 
haa! 
def.art. 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
. 

"Haa", they say.

1.522
p̉išχʕaƛ̉aƛ 
p̉išχʕaƛ 
make a loud shout 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they do roughly 
ħiiqšiƛ 
ħiiqšiƛ 
growl 
growling 
. 

They growl fiercely.

1.523
ħayučink̉aƛ 
ħayu 
ten 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
ten go along together 
c̉isaaqčik̉aƛ 
c̉isaaqčikʷ 
go along in single file 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going along in single file 
hinʔiƛ 
hinʔiƛ 
enter house 
entering the house 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
wawaaqčik̉aƛ 
wawaa 
say 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said while going along 
wawaaqas 
wawaa 
say 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
what I say 
. 

They go along ten together in single file entering the house saying what I have mentioned as they go.
pg. 54 begins above

1.524
ƛ̉inkšiƛ 
ƛ̉inkšiƛ 
move in a circle 
they move in a circle 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
ʔuʔiiʔiɬ 
ʔuʔii 
go to 
-‘iɬ3 
on the floor 
going to 
ʔimpiiʔiɬʔi 
ʔimpiiɬ 
middle of room 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
in the middle of the room 
. 

They circle round the room, then stand in the middle.

1.525
miɬaħuupiʔaƛ 
miɬaħuupiƛ 
stand shoulder to shoulder 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they stand shoulder to shoulder 
wiinapipiʔaƛ 
wiinapi 
stop 
-‘ipiƛ 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they stand still 
čimqƛn̉ukʷiʔaƛ 
čimqƛn̉ukʷiƛ 
hold ready in hand 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
hold ready in hand 
c̉axỷakukʔi 
c̉axỷakʷ 
spear 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their spears 
. 

They stand still in line abreast and hold their spears ready.

1.526
hihu 
hihu 
hihu 
hihu 
hihu 
hihu 
hihu 
hihu 
hihu 
hihu 
wawaaqčik̉aƛ 
wawaa 
say 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said while going along 
. 

"Hihu hihu hihu hihu hihu", they say as they go along.

1.527
kʷaacuʔukʷiɬqčikm̉inħʔaƛ 
kʷaacuʔuk 
move backwards 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they move along backwards 
n̉an̉aačimɬinkqčik̉aƛ 
DUP- 
DIST 
n̉ač 
see 
-(q)imɬ2 
in a group 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
looking at each other as they go along in a group 
. 

They all go along backwards looking back and forth at each other as they go along.

1.528
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
haaaa 
haa+ 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
. 

Then they say, "Haa+!"

1.529
ħiiqšiʔaƛ 
ħiiqšiƛ 
growl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they growl 
miɬʕaƛ 
miɬʕaƛ 
shout in unison 
shout in unison 
. 

They growl all together.

1.530
c̉axʷaħupitap̉aƛ 
c̉axʷaħupitap 
spear in front of 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they spear in front of them 
miɬsỷaakʔi 
miɬsỷi 
spear 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
their spears 
ʔayiiɬʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the many in the house 
quqʷaas 
quuʔas 
person.pl 
people 
. 

They thrust their spears forward at the people seated in the house.

1.531
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
huʔac̉upiʔaƛƛaa 
huʔac̉upiƛ 
go to rear of house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they go to the rear of the house 
. 

Again they go back to the rear of the room.

1.532
miɬtkħuɬqčik̉aƛƛaa 
miɬtkħawiɬ 
be abreast 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again going along abreast 
ʔiiqħiyatukqčik̉aƛƛaa 
ʔiq 
same 
-(y)iya 
at ... time 
-aˑtuk 
make ... sound 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
uttering the sounds at the same time as they go along 
. 

Again they go along abreast and utter the sounds at the same time.

1.533
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔiqsiɬaƛƛaa 
ʔiqsiɬa 
do so 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they do so again 
c̉isšiƛ 
c̉isšiƛ 
form a single file 
form a single file 
yaackʷispiʔaƛƛaa 
yaackʷispiƛ 
move away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
moving away again 
. 

They form again in single file and move away.

1.534
ʔiqsiɬaƛƛaa 
ʔiqsiɬa 
do so 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they do so again 
miɬaħupiƛ 
miɬaħuupiƛ 
stand shoulder to shoulder 
stand shoulder to shoulder 
. 

Again they stand abreast.

1.535
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛƛaa 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
=ƛaa 
again 
and then again 
kamitqšiʔaƛ 
kamitqšiƛ 
run 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they run off 
ħiiqaaqčik̉aƛ 
ħiiqaa 
be growling 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
growling as they go 
. 

And again they run growling as they go.

1.536
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
c̉axšiʔaƛ 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they spear 
c̉axỷakukʔi 
c̉axỷakʷ 
spear 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their spears 
c̉axswiiʔak̉ap̉aƛ 
c̉axswii 
spear through 
-akʷ 
IMPF 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
spearing through 
yaqʷʔičʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(č̉,k̉ʷ)ʔič 
clothed in... 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what they were wearing 
quqʷaasʔi 
quuʔas 
person.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the people 
t̉iqʷiɬm̉inħ 
t̉iqʷiɬ 
sit on floor 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
sitting on floor 
. 

They thrust their spears through the clothing of the people sitting on the floor.
pg. 55 begins above

1.537
ʔuunuuƛaħ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I have because of 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔuħʔuuħuk 
Fulldup- 
PL? 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
having as mine 
p̉itp̉iišʔi 
CVt- 
PL 
p̉išaq 
very bad 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the bad ones 
tuutpaati 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege.pl 
ceremonial privileges 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
wealth 
be wealthy 
. 

I have these bad tupaatis because I am wealthy.

1.538
qʷaaʔakqasƛaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
-akʷ 
IMPF 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
=ƛaa 
again 
mine is also that way 
ƛ̉icaʕukʷin̉ak 
ƛ̉icaʕukʷin̉akʷ 
Mouse or Rat dance 
Mouse dance 
c̉isqsaapčip 
c̉isqsaap 
tear up 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
tearing up theirs 
yaqʷʔičʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(č̉,k̉ʷ)ʔič 
clothed in... 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what they were wearing 
quqʷaas 
quuʔas 
person.pl 
people 
. 

My mouse-dance is also that way, tearing people's clothes

1.539
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hitapak̉ap̉aƛ 
hitapak̉ap 
cause to surpass 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they make theirs more 
qʷaqƛukʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
-ˀaqƛ2 
worth 
-uk 
IMPF 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which theirs is worth 
haɬaačiƛčip̉aƛ 
haɬaačiƛ 
pay 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they pay them 
. 

And then they pay them more than they are worth.

1.540
caacaawiɬin̉ak 
caacaawiɬin̉akʷ 
Tsaatsaawithl dance 
Tsaatsaawithl dance 
ʔuħuk 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
it is 
ʕimtii 
ʕimtii 
name 
called 
. 

It is called the Tsaatsaawithl dance.

1.541
muup̉itšiƛ 
muup̉it 
four times 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
they do four times 
qʷis 
qʷis 
do thus 
do thus 
c̉axšiƛ 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
spearing 
c̉axỷakukʔi 
c̉axỷakʷ 
spear 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their spears 
. 

Four times they thrust with their spears.

1.542
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
c̉isšiʔaƛ 
c̉isšiƛ 
form a single file 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they form a single file 
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
leaving the house 
. 

Then they file out of the house.

1.543
čaqwaasʔap̉aƛ̉i 
čaqwaasʔap 
push out of the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
shove it outside! 
tuuħuk̉ʷaƛaħ 
tuuħuk 
afraid 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am scared 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
ʔeʔiič̉imʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔiič̉im 
elder 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the old people 
. 

"Shove it outside, I am scared", the old people say.

1.544
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they left the house 
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
finishing 
caacaawiɬin̉ak 
caacaawiɬin̉akʷ 
Tsaatsaawithl dance 
Tsaatsaawithl dance 
. 

They go outside, and that ends the Tsaatsaawithl.

1.545
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hitac̉upiʔaƛ 
hitac̉upiƛ 
bring to centre of room 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went to the center of room 
t̉iick̉in 
t̉iick̉in1 
Thunderbird 
Thunderbirds 
muuqumɬ 
muu 
four 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
four 
. 

Then four thunderbirds came out to the middle of the room.

1.546
huuħtakšiiħšiʔaƛ 
huuħtakšiiħšiƛ 
practise 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they start practising 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
. 

They likewise began practising.

1.547
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
ʔuun̉ak 
ʔuun̉akʷ 
dance 
dancing 
ħaakʷaaƛukʷitqas 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my late daughter 
. 

My late daughter was doing that dance.
pg. 56 begins below

1.548
ʔaƛakʷaɬp̉iɬʔaƛ 
ʔaƛakʷaɬ 
eight 
-p̉iˑɬʷ1 
... long objects 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
there are eight long ones 
ħiʔiƛ̉iik 
ħiʔiƛ̉iikʷ 
Lightning-Serpent 
Lightning Serpent 
t̉apw̉anim 
t̉apw̉anim 
belt 
belts 
ʔaʔaƛp̉iɬuk 
DUP- 
DIST 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉iˑɬʷ1 
... long objects 
-uk 
POSS 
two for each of them 
t̉apw̉anim 
t̉apw̉anim 
belt 
belts 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
t̉iick̉in 
t̉iick̉in1 
Thunderbird 
Thunderbird 
. 

There are eight lightning serpent belts, two for each thunderbird.

1.549
hist̉atħukʷaħ 
his(t) 
LOC 
-ˀatħ1 
live at 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I have this from them 
ʔunaak 
ʔunaakʷ 
have 
have 
tupaati 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
ceremonial privilege 
muuqumɬ 
muu 
four 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
four 
t̉iick̉in 
t̉iick̉in1 
Thunderbird 
Thunderbirds 
ħuučuqƛisʔatħ 
ħuučuqƛisʔatħ 
Uchucklesaht people 
Uchucklesaht people 
. 

I have this ceremony with the four thunderbirds from the Uchucklesaht people.

1.550
čiskšiƛtaqšiƛ 
čiskšiƛ 
shake the head 
-taqšiƛ1 
before ...ing 
they shake the head before doing 
tuxšiƛ 
tuxšiƛ 
jump 
jump 
. 

They give a shake of the head and jump up.

1.551
hɔɔ 
hoo 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
ħiiqšiƛ 
ħiiqšiƛ 
growl 
growling 
. 

"Hoo", they growl.

1.552
ʔuwiiʔap 
ʔuwii 
be first 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
first they do 
ʔuucaapiqħ 
ʔuucaapi 
face towards 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
facing toward 
ħiiqšiƛ 
ħiiqšiƛ 
growl 
growling 
čimcpaaʔatʔi 
čama 
proper 
-cpaˑ1 
on ... side 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
to the right 
. 

First they growl facing to their right.

1.553
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔuucaapiqħʔaƛƛaa 
ʔuucaapi 
face towards 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
also they do facing toward 
qacpaaʔatʔi 
qacpaa 
left side 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
to the left 
. 

Then they growl again facing to their left.

1.554
ħiiqšiʔaƛƛaa 
ħiiqšiƛ 
growl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they growl 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
čiiskmaɬiikšiʔaƛ 
čiiskmaɬiikšiƛ 
shake the head about 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they begin shaking their heads about 
. 

They growl again and begin shaking their heads about.

1.555
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
katpiʔaƛƛaa 
katpiƛ 
kneel down 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they kneel down again 
. 

Then they kneel down again.

1.556
ʕiɬqiim̉inħʔaƛ 
ʕiyaaɬ 
plume 
-qiˑ 
on/at the head 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
their heads are covered with plumes 
hinkiicimm̉inħʔi 
hinkiicim 
head-mask 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the headmasks 
ħayuc̉iq 
ħayu 
ten 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
ten  
ʕiyaaɬ 
ʕiyaaɬ 
feather 
feathers 
ʔuuʔuqʷaƛ 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔu 
REF 
-qiˑ 
on/at the head 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they have on their heads 
. 

Each had on their heads a head mask with ten plumes.

1.557
ʔuʔuk̉ʷič̉aƛ 
DUP- 
DIST 
ʔuk̉ʷič 
wearing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
each wears now 
mucmuħaq 
mucmuħaq 
bearskin 
bearskin 
. 

Each (dancer) now wears a bearskin.

1.558
ʔuʔuk̉ʷič̉aƛ 
DUP- 
DIST 
ʔuk̉ʷič 
wearing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
each wears now 
mamaƛaɬʔaƛuk 
DUP- 
PL 
maƛaɬa 
fastened 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
theirs are fastened with 
ʕiyaaɬ 
ʕiyaaɬ 
feather 
feathers 
n̉uupiʔaɬ 
n̉uupi 
all over 
-ʔaɬ1 
attached on 
attached all over 
mucmuħaʔaqʔi 
mucmuħaq 
bearskin 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the bearskins 
. 

They are clothed in bearskins with plumes tied all over their surface.

1.559
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
huʔakʷispiʔaƛƛaa 
huʔa 
back 
-kʷis(a) 
get out of 
-‘ipiƛ 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again rise from the floor 
ʔuucħaaƛ 
ʔuucħa 
go in connection with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did so connected to 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
pisatšiƛʔaaqƛ̉aƛqa 
pisatšiƛ 
move around 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that they will move around 
. 

They again rise from the floor to go into motion.

1.560
č̉Interlinšiʔaƛ 
č̉Interlinšiƛ 
spread wings 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they spread their arms 
čimcačiƛ 
čimcačiƛ 
turn about counter-clockwise 
turning counterclockwise 
yackaaqčik 
yackaa 
stepping 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
going along stepping 
. 

They spread their arms bird-fashion and go circling about counter-clockwise in rapid steps.
pg. 57 begins here

1.561
minkšiƛ 
minkšiƛ 
make a circuit 
they circle around it 
ʔanaaqasc̉eʔitq 
ʔanaa[...]ʔis 
little in extent 
-aˑsc̉a 
on a roof 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the width and length of the roof 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
hiɬaasc̉aqħqa 
hiɬaasc̉a 
roof 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that is on the roof 
hinaasc̉eʔi 
hinaasc̉a 
roof 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the roof 
. 

They circle around the breadth of the roof because they were there on the roof.
25) when the roofs of the houses were flat they used to have the t̉iick̉in ʔuušiin̉ak dance on the roof.

1.562
t̉ickʕaƛ̉aƛ 
t̉ickʕaƛ 
sound of thunder 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it sounds like thunder 
mačiiɬʔi 
mačiiɬ 
be in house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
in the house 
. 

It sounds like thunder inside the house.

1.563
ʔanicšiƛ 
ʔanicšiƛ 
do thus 
it does thus 
t̉ickaa 
t̉ickaa 
thunder 
thundering 
ʔanicʔitq 
ʔanic 
thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
do thus 
pipiisatħi 
pipiisatħi 
be active 
being active 
t̉ick̉atqin̉akʔi 
t̉ick̉atqin̉akʷ 
Thunderbird dance 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
during the Thunderbird dance 
. 

The thundering keeps up throughout the Thunderbird dance.

1.564
ħayuqumɬ 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
there were ten 
maaqyu 
maaqyu 
large box 
large boxes 
ʔeʔiiħʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the big ones 
m̉um̉uk̉ʷaħs 
DUP- 
PL 
m̉uk 
stone 
-ˀaħs 
in vessel 
containing stones 
. 

There are ten big (old-fashioned) boxes containing pebbles.

1.565
muuqumɬ 
muu 
four 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
there were four 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
t̉ickỷak 
t̉ickỷakʷ 
drum 
drum 
ħasħaasʔi 
Fulldup- 
SUF 
ħas(t) 
loud 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the loud ones 
mamaaƛapiɬ 
DUP- 
DIST 
maƛaa 
tying 
-piˑɬ1 
in the middle 
each being suspended by ropes 
. 

There are four loud drums suspended by (ropes).
26) t̉ickỷakʷ - the wooden drums they used to have.

1.566
ħap̉it 
ħa 
complete 
-p̉it3 
... times 
it did the full number of times 
qʷis 
qʷis 
do thus 
do thus 
muup̉it 
muup̉it 
four times 
four times 
hitakʷisasc̉a 
hitakʷisasc̉a 
rise up on the roof 
rising up on the roof 
. 

The full four times they rise up to standing position on the roof.

1.567
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ̉at 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-ˀat 
PASS 
and then they are 
sukʷiʔaƛ̉at 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they are taken 
ħap̉itšiʔaƛquu 
ħap̉itšiƛ 
do a complete cycle 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they had done fully 
muup̉it 
muup̉it 
four times 
four times 
pisatšiƛ 
pisatšiƛ 
move around 
moving around 
. 

When they have performed it four times, they are seized.

1.568
hitacstaʔap̉aƛ̉at 
hitacstaʔap 
take down 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they are taken down through 
taačuuʔi 
taačuu 
smoke hole 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the smokehole 
. 

They are taken down through the movable board into the house.
27) taačuuʔi - the one that had been poked at in the old days when they had flat roofs they used to poke on or two roof boards to let in the daylight or for the purpose of going onto the roof and that was called taačuu.

1.569
mačinup̉aƛ̉at 
mačinawup 
bring into house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were taken into the house 
. 

They were taken into the house.

1.570
ħiʔakʷačiʔaƛ 
ħiʔakʷačiƛ 
slither away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
slither away 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
ħiʔiƛ̉iikm̉inħʔi 
ħiʔiƛ̉iikʷ 
Lightning-Serpent 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Lightning Serpents 
. 

The lightning serpents glide away.
28) ħiʔak is the word used for that style of motion the snake uses to move on the ground, from which reason ħiʔiiƛ̉iik got its name because it also travels that way when on ground and also ħiiyi 'snake'.

1.571
hišcaakʷačiʔaƛ 
hišcaakʷačiƛ 
scatter in all directions 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they scatter in all directions 
. 

They scatter in all directions.

1.572
č̉ič̉iɬʔič 
DUP- 
PL 
č̉iɬʔič 
be clothed in woven fibre 
they are clothed in woven fibre 
hisyuu 
hisyuu 
shredded cedar bark 
shredded cedar bark 
ʕiiʕiɬqi 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʕiyaaɬ 
plume 
-qiˑ 
on/at the head 
having plumes on their heads 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
n̉aapsaħi 
n̉apsaˑ 
all in same way 
-ħiˑ 
IMPF 
all were that way 
. 

They are dressed in woven cedar-bark fibre and have plumes on their heads, all of them alike.

1.573
hiist̉iʔaƛ̉at 
hiist̉iƛ 
take from 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they are seized 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
sukʷiʔat 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were taken 
qʷicačiƛm̉inħʔitq 
qʷicačiƛ 
go to swh 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
from where they had gone 
ħiʔakʷačiƛ 
ħiʔakʷačiƛ 
slither away 
slithering away 
ħiʔiƛ̉iikm̉inħʔi 
ħiʔiƛ̉iikʷ 
Lightning-Serpent 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Lightning Serpents 
. 

The lightning serpents are seized where they have crawled away.
pg. 58 begins above

1.574
mačinup̉aƛ̉at 
mačinawup 
bring into house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they are brought into the house 
histiiʔitap̉aƛ̉at 
histiiʔitap 
bring into house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
bringing them to the centre of the house 
histiicʔitq 
his(t) 
LOC 
-iic 
belong to 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
which is for the 
ƛuukʷaaneʔi 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

They are brought into the Wolf Ritual house.

1.575
hiisaħw̉aɬ 
hiisaħw̉aɬ 
use s.t. from swh. 
they use those from 
m̉uksỷi 
m̉uksỷi 
stone 
stones 
m̉aʔaquuʔa 
m̉aʔaquuʔa 
Macoah 
Macoah 
kacuumin 
kacuumin 
hailstone 
hailstones 
ʔuỷiħtaqakč̉a 
ʔuỷiħtaqak 
originate from 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
supposed to originate from 
m̉uksỷi 
m̉uksỷi 
stone 
stone 
ʔuyiʔukt 
ʔuyi 
when 
-ʔuˑkt 
obtain 
obtained when 
qʷiyiič 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-yiič 
3.INDF.REL 
when 
nuutnuutšw̉it̉as 
nuutnuutš 
rolling hoops 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
they went to play hoops 
t̉iick̉inštaqimɬ 
t̉iick̉inštaqimɬ 
Thunderbird tribe 
Thunderbird people 
. 

They use pebbles from Macoah, which are supposed to come from hailstones at the time the Thunder Band went to play the hoop game.
29) m̉aʔaquuʔa is the name of a village site at t̉ukʷaaʔatħ whose pebbles are smooth and round and is supposed to have turned into pebbles from hail. There is a long himwic̉u story about this when the hail turned into pebbles.
30) nuutnuutš is an Indian game dated way back at the time when the fowls and animals were human beings at the time of Kwatyaat.

1.576
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔuuħw̉ink 
ʔuuħw̉inkʷ 
using 
using 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔaanasaqa 
ʔana 
only 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it was only them 
qʷaaʕinʔak 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀin3 
sound of [R] 
-ˀak 
POSS 
theirs sound thus 
m̉uksỷi 
m̉uksỷi 
stone 
stone 
qʷiiʕaƛʔitqʔaaɬa 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
those which always make a sound of 
t̉ickaaʔaƛquu 
t̉ickaa 
thunder 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
which is like thundering 
. 

They use those stones because they make a sound like thunder.

1.577
ʔuyimtaħʔaaɬa 
ʔuyi 
when 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
when I always did 
ʔucačiƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
go to 
ʔuuʔiƛ̉as 
ʔuuʔiƛ̉as 
go to get 
go to get 
m̉uksỷi 
m̉uksỷi 
stone 
stones 
m̉aʔaquuʔa 
m̉aʔaquuʔa 
Macoah 
Macoah 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
t̉iick̉in 
t̉iick̉in1 
Thunderbird 
Thunderbird 
ʔuuksnaaʕaɬw̉it̉asʔaƛquus 
ʔuuksnaaʕaɬ 
handle 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
that I would go to perform one 
. 

I used to go to Macoah to get stones whenever I was going to put on a thunderbird performance.

1.578
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not 
ɬaačiƛsa 
ɬačiƛ 
give up 
-sasa 
only [L] 
just drop it 
maaqyuʔi 
maaqyu 
large box 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the box 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
hawiiƛ̉asʔaƛquu 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they stop doing 
ʔuuʔiic̉ap̉aƛ 
ʔuʔiic̉ap2 
put into container 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
put into container 
qaʔuucm̉inħʔi 
qaʔuuc 
pack-basket 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
packbaskets 
ʔumaak 
ʔumaak 
fearing 
lest 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
if 
if 
huʔasinỷuquu 
huʔasinỷu 
put back 
-quu1 
3.CND 
putting back 
saaxtʕaƛ 
saaxtʕaƛ 
make a rattling sound 
make a rattling sound 
. 

They do not just drop the box when they stop, but put them into pack baskets lest they give a sound again.

1.579
yaqʷinƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-aˑnaw̉iƛ 
because of ... 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
it is for that reason 
naỷiiʔak 
naỷiiʔakʷ 
at once 
at once 
ʔuʔukʷipitap 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔukʷipitap 
put in container 
they put them in containers 
qaʔuucm̉inħʔi 
qaʔuuc 
pack-basket 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
packbaskets 
. 

That is why they immediately put them in the baskets.
pg. 59 begins here

1.580
qʷaaqħʔaƛ 
qʷaa 
thus 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was that way 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
huptšiƛm̉inħʔaƛ 
huptšiƛ 
hide 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they are hidden 
. 

That way they are hidden.

1.581
k̉uuqʷaaʔaƛquu 
k̉uuqʷaa 
do stealthily 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would do so stealthily 
hiitaqsip̉aƛ 
hitaqsip 
put into container 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
putting into containers 
m̉uksỷiʔi 
m̉uksỷi 
stone 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the stone 
maaqyum̉inħʔi 
maaqyu 
large box 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the large boxes 
wiikʔaqƛ̉ap 
wiikʔaqƛ̉ap 
take care not to allow 
taking care not to let it 
saaxtʕaƛ̉aħs 
saaxtʕaƛ̉aħs 
make sound in box 
make a sound in the boxes 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
t̉ick̉atqin̉akw̉it̉asʔaƛquu 
t̉ick̉atqin̉akʷ 
Thunderbird dance 
-w̉it̉as1 
about to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
about to do the Thunderbird dance 
ʔinxaa 
ʔiinaxi 
get ready 
they got ready 
. 

They put the pebbles unnoticed into the boxes, trying not to make a sound while getting ready for the Thunderbird Dance.

1.582
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
also now 
huuħtakšiiħšiʔaƛ 
huuħtakšiiħšiƛ 
practise 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they start practising 
kʷakʷipin̉akʔi 
kʷakʷipin̉akʷ 
Black Oyster-catcher dance 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
Black Oyster-catcher dance 
. 

They also practised the Black Oyster-catcher dance.

1.583
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
kʷakʷipin̉ak 
kʷakʷipin̉akʷ 
Black Oyster-catcher dance 
black oyster-catcher dance 
ʔiima 
ʔiima 
Eva 
Eva 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
čiin 
čiin 
Jean 
Jean 
. 

Eva and Jean were dancing the Black Oyster-catcher dance.

1.584
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
ʔunaakukʷaħƛaa 
ʔunaakʷ 
have 
-uk 
IMPF 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ƛaa 
also 
I also have 
kʷakʷipin̉akỷak 
kʷakʷipin̉akỷakʷ 
Black oyster-catcher dance 
Black oyster-catcher dance 
. 

I have a song for the Black oyster-catcher dance also.

1.585
qʷaaʔak 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀak 
POSS 
theirs are like 
hinkiicim 
hinkiicim 
head-mask 
head-mask 
qʷaaʔatʔitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
which is like 
ƛ̉upkỷak 
ƛ̉upkỷakʷ 
beak 
beak 
kʷakʷiip 
kʷakʷiˑp 
black oyster-catcher 
black oyster-catcher 
. 

Their headmasks are like the beaks of the oyster-catcher.

1.586
weʔiiqqim̉inħ 
weʔiiqqi 
headdress 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
they have headdresses on 
. 

They wear headdresses.

1.587
takčiyuqƛ 
takʷ 
each 
-iyuqƛ 
in the mouth 
each has in the mouth 
k̉iitqỷak 
k̉iitqỷakʷ 
whistle 
whistles 
ħayučink 
ħayu 
ten 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
ten together 
. 

There are ten with whistles in their mouths.

1.588
qʷaħuuħƛaa 
qʷaħuuħ 
red-painted faces 
=ƛaa 
also 
they also have red-painted ones 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
hinkiicimm̉inħʔi 
hinkiicim 
head-mask 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the headmasks 
qʷaqʷaaħtaƛaa 
qʷaqʷaaħta 
red-painted feet 
=ƛaa 
again 
red-painted feet 
. 

They have headmasks with red-painted faces and feet.

1.589
ʔuut̉iʔiɬa 
ʔuut̉iʔiɬa 
imitate 
they imitate 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
qʷaaqaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that is like 
kʷakʷiip 
kʷakʷiˑp 
black oyster-catcher 
black oyster-catcher 
ƛ̉iƛ̉iiħʔiħteʔisqa 
DUP- 
PL 
ƛ̉iħ1 
red 
-ˀiħta 
at or on the nose 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that have little red beaks 
ƛ̉iƛ̉iiħan̉uuħm̉inħʔis 
DUP- 
PL 
ƛ̉iħ1 
red 
-aˑn̉uɬ 
along the leg/shin [R(+L)].pl 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little red legs 
. 

Like the oyster-catchers, they have little red beaks and legs.
pg. 60 begins below

1.590
čamiħtaƛ 
čamiħta 
proper 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they are proper 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
m̉uč̉ičm̉inħ 
m̉uč̉ič 
clothed 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
clothed 
ʔuk̉ʷič 
ʔuk̉ʷič 
wearing 
wearing 
tupkukʔi 
tupkuk 
black 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the black 
k̉acħaq 
k̉acħaq 
blanket 
blankets 
tupkukʔi 
tupkuk 
black 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the black 
mišɔɔn 
mišɔɔn 
shawl 
shawl 
wik̉iitqħ 
wik̉iit 
non-existent 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
they did not 
ƛ̉isʔič 
ƛ̉isʔič 
wear white clothing 
wear white clothing 
. 

They are all properly dressed in black blankets or black shawls; none of them wears white.

1.591
ʔaƛqimɬuk 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-uk 
POSS 
there are two of them 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
mothers 
. 

There are two mothers.

1.592
ʔeʔiiħʔaƛuk 
DUP- 
DIST 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
each has a big 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
hinkiicim 
hinkiicim 
head-mask 
head-mask 
. 

Each has a large headmask.

1.593
yackaaʔaƛ 
yackaa 
stepping rapidly 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they step rapidly 
hinʔiƛ 
hinʔiƛ 
enter house 
entering the house 
t̉aakƛiɬqčik 
t̉aakƛ 
in a row 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
going along in the house in a row 
qaqaačħim̉inħqčik 
qaqaačħi 
have the elbows out 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
having the elbows out 
. 

They enter in single file stepping rapidly with their elbows out.

1.594
kik 
kik 
kik 
kik 
wawaaqčik̉aƛ 
wawaa 
say 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said while going along 
kiikỷakm̉inħukʔi 
kiikỷakʷ 
mouth whistle 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their whistles 
. 

Their whistles say, "Kik kik kik kik", as they go along.

1.595
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
ʔunaakukʷaħƛaa 
ʔunaakʷ 
have 
-uk 
IMPF 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ƛaa 
also 
I also have 
kʷakʷipin̉akỷak 
kʷakʷipin̉akỷakʷ 
Black oyster-catcher dance 
Black oyster-catcher dance 
. 

I also have a song for the oyster-catcher dance.

1.596
|| 
n̉aayiis 
n̉aaaa 
yiihiiyihiiswaa 
yihiiyihiiswaa 
ʕimtšiƛ part 
ʕimtšiƛ part 
the words go 
the words go 
muuɬmuɬisuk̉ʷaahiihitaanqis 
kʷakʷeep 
yihiyihiiwaa 
||. 

"That the tribe be going back and forth on your beach"

1.597
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
pisatšiʔaƛ 
pisatšiƛ 
move around 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it moves around 
kʷakʷipin̉akʔi 
kʷakʷipin̉akʷ 
Black Oyster-catcher dance 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
Black Oyster-catcher dance 
. 

Huuy (the sound of dance feet) goes the oyster-catcher dance.

1.598
kik 
kik 
kik 
pisatšiʔaƛ 
pisatšiƛ 
move around 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it moves around 
yackšiʔaƛ 
yackšiƛ 
step 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
stepping 
minkšiʔaƛ 
minkšiƛ 
make a circuit 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
circling 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
. 

"Kik kik kik", it goes and they start circling round the house with rapid steps.

1.599
ʔuʔiħtiɬʔaƛ 
ʔuʔiħta 
be in the lead 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she was in the lead 
ʔumʔiiqsuʔi 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the mother 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
big 
. 

The big mother was in the lead.
pg. 61 begins here

1.600
ʔuʔakƛiɬʔaƛ 
ʔuʔakƛi 
bring up the rear 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she was bringing up the rear 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ƛaʔuuʔi 
ƛaʔuˑ 
other 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the other 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
mother 
. 

The other mother brings up the rear.

1.601
ħacʔiiqimɬ 
ħacʔiiqimɬ 
make complete circuit 
they make a complete circuit 
minkšiƛ 
minkšiƛ 
make a circuit 
make a circuit 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
. 

They circle completely round the house.

1.602
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
wiinappiʔaƛ 
wiinappiƛ 
remain in house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they stopped in the house 
huʔuuƛqatħʔaƛ 
huʔawiƛ2 
huddle together 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
huddle together 
. 

They stop and pretend to huddle together.

1.603
hišimyipiʔaƛ 
hišimyipiƛ 
assemble in a house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they bunched together in the house 
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
wiinapuƛ 
wiinapawiƛ 
stop 
stop 
ʔumʔiiqsum̉inħʔi 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the mothers 
. 

They bunch together but the mothers do not stop.

1.604
ʔaƛa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
two 
minkaaʔaƛ 
minkaa 
circle around 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
circling around 
yackaa 
yackaa 
stepping rapidly 
stepping rapidly 
. 

The two go circling round with rapid steps.

1.605
muup̉it 
muup̉it 
four times 
they did four times 
qʷis 
qʷis 
do thus 
do thus 
wiinappiƛ 
wiinapi 
stop 
-‘ipiƛ 
in the house 
they stop 
huʔuuƛqatħ 
huʔawiƛ2 
huddle together 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
pretending to huddle together 
. 

They do it four times, then stop pretending to huddle together.

1.606
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finished 
. 

And then they finish.

1.607
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
also now 
huuħtakšiiħšiƛ 
huuħtakšiiħšiƛ 
practise 
practise 
haamac̉aqin̉akʔi 
haamac̉aqin̉akʷ 
Cannibal dance 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Cannibal dance 
. 

They also practice the cannibal dance.

1.608
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
haamac̉aqin̉ak 
haamac̉aqin̉akʷ 
Cannibal dance 
Cannibal dance 
heelii 
heelii 
Harry 
Harry 
. 

It was Harry who did this dance.

1.609
ʔuwiiʔap 
ʔuwii 
be first 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
first one does 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
sing secret chant 
ƛ̉isaaʔaƛʔitq 
ƛ̉isaa 
dawn 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when it is dawn 
ʔiiqħuk 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
telling 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
haamac̉aqin̉akw̉it̉asqa 
haamac̉aqin̉akʷ 
Cannibal dance 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he is going to do the Cannibal dance 
. 

First one sings a chant at dawn telling that he is going to do the cannibal dance.

1.610
hiiɬasaqħ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-sasa 
precisely [L] 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
they do precisely there 
čaani 
čaani 
at first 
first 
hiỷatħʔitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ˀatħ1 
live at 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where he was living 
. 

They do so right in his house at first.

1.611
|| 
naaaa 
niya 
haaaa 
haa+ 
ʔahaaniya 
hee 
hee 
say! 
heh 
naaniyaha 
ʔahuw 
hayii 
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
ʔahuw 
hayii 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
part 
naaniyahaaaa 
ƛuukʷaaneʔiš 
n̉ees 
n̉aas 
daylight 
daylight 
||. 

pg. 62 begins here

1.612
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
sing 
singing 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
sing secret chant 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʔuun̉akw̉it̉asʔaƛquu 
ʔuun̉akʷ 
dance 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
going to dance 
. 

This is what one says in the chant when one is going to do that dance.

1.613
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
one sings a secret chant 
kuʔaɬʔaƛquu 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
in the morning 
ʔeʔimʔaƛquu 
ʔeʔim 
at first 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
as soon as it does 
ƛ̉isaa 
ƛ̉isaa 
dawn 
dawns 
. 

One chants in the morning as it begins to dawn.

1.614
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hineeʔiƛ̉asʔaƛ 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
-ˀas4 
about to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
when one is about to enter the house 
ʔaatħšiʔaƛquu 
ʔaatħšiƛ 
become night 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it was night 
ʔuuʔiʔaƛƛaa 
ʔuuʔiƛ1 
go for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
one again takes it up 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
sing secret chant 
c̉iiqỷakʔi 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chant 
ʔuyaaƛ 
ʔuyi 
when 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
one does so when 
hihinʔiƛataħʔaƛquu 
hihinʔiƛataħ 
be about to enter the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when one is about to enter 
. 

Then, when about to enter at night, one again takes up this same chant; one does it when about to enter.

1.615
|| 
yaaŋahaayiihii 
ʔahawaaŋahaa 
yaaŋahaa 
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
ħawiiɬs 
waaŋaha 
hinihiišaayii 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
part 
yaaŋahaa 
yiihii 
ʔuʔisikawaayiihii 
yaaŋahaa 
yi 
quʔis 
waaŋahaa 
hisihicaayii 
||. 

1.616
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
waaỷakƛinup̉aƛ 
waaỷakƛinawup 
say in conclusion 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say in conclusion 
. 

At the end one says, "Haap haap haap haap".

1.617
ʔuyaaƛ 
ʔuyi 
when 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
one does so when 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔuuʔiƛ 
ʔuuʔiƛ1 
go for 
go for 
hihinʔiƛataħʔaƛquu 
hihinʔiƛataħ 
be about to enter the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when one is about to enter 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
hiɬħʔiitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where one is doing 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

One takes up this chant when about to enter the Wolf Ritual house.
pg. 63 begins here

1.618
siỷaaʕaƛitaħ 
siỷa 
I 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I sang this one 
c̉iiʕakƛim 
c̉iiʕakƛim 
trailing chanter 
trailing chanter 
ʔuʔuyaqħʔaƛ 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
sing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
singing 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
c̉iiqỷakʔi 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chant 
qʷiyii 
qʷiyii 
when 
when he was doing 
haamac̉aqin̉ak 
haamac̉aqin̉akʷ 
Cannibal dance 
Cannibal dance 
nanaƛaʕup 
nanaƛaʕup 
Harry Thomas 
Harry Thomas 
. 

I, as trailing chanter, sang this chant at the time when Harry Thomas did the cannibal dance.

1.619
k̉ʷaaɬiic 
k̉ʷaaɬiic 
branches around head 
having branches around the head 
k̉ʷaaɬw̉in 
k̉ʷaaɬw̉in 
branches around the waist 
branches around the waist 
takčiqƛn̉uk 
takʷ 
each 
-či2 
at 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
each having in the hand 
ʕakỷak 
ʕakỷakʷ 
knife 
knife 
muu 
muu 
four 
four 
muučink 
muu 
four 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
the four together 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
wawaaqčik̉aƛ 
wawaa 
say 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said while going along 
. 

With branches around the head and waist, four go along together holding knives and saying, "Haap haap haap haap haap".

1.620
kaamitqšiƛʔaaqƛ̉aƛ 
kamitqšiƛ 
run 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they run 
ʔuucačiƛʔaaqƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
going to 
hiyiiɬʔitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-‘iɬ3 
on the floor 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where the ones were sitting in the house 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

They try to run where the people are seated in the house.

1.621
čiiʔaƛ 
čii 
pull 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they pull 
suʔakƛiʔi 
suʔakƛi 
hold from behind 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones holding from behind 
c̉istuupm̉inħʔi 
c̉istuˑp 
rope 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ropes 
. 

Those holding the ropes from behind pull on them.

1.622
m̉ačiʔaƛ̉at 
m̉ačiƛ 
bite 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he got bitten 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
hiniip̉at 
hiniip 
get 
-ˀat 
PASS 
was caught 
. 

One person is bitten and caught.

1.623
č̉uučk 
č̉uučk 
all 
all 
m̉ačiƛ 
m̉ačiƛ 
bite 
bite him 
muuʔii 
muu 
four 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the four 
. 

All four bite him.

1.624
naỷiiʔak̉aƛ 
naỷii 
at once 
-akʷ 
IMPF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
at once 
yaqʔiitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who doing so 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
Wolf Ritual 
ʔuuciyuqstupčip 
ʔuuciyuqstup 
put s.t. in 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
put something on it 
ʔatquu 
ʔat 
even if 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even though 
ʔanaħʔic̉at 
ʔanaħʷ 
small 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-ˀat 
INAL 
his was a small one 
m̉eeʔi 
m̉a 
bite 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
bite 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
m̉ačaqšiƛʔi 
m̉ačaqšiƛ 
be bitten 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who was bitten 
. 

At once the giver of the Wolf Ritual puts something on (the wound) of the one who was bitten, even though it was only a small bite.

1.625
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hiniiʔasʔap̉aƛ̉i 
hiniiʔasʔap 
make s.o. go outside 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
put them outside! 
wikuuʔaƛaħ 
wikuu 
be in bad way 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am in a bad way 
tuuħuk 
tuuħuk 
afraid 
afraid 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
quqʷaasʔi 
quuʔas 
person.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the people 
. 

People say, "Put them out, I am weak with fright".
pg. 64 begins here

1.626
hiniiʔasʔap̉aƛ̉at 
hiniiʔasʔap 
make s.o. go outside 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were put outside 
. 

They were put outside.

1.627
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then did 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinmeʔitap̉aƛ 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinmeʔitap 
send about village inviting 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
I had them go about the village inviting 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
qʷiƛ̉iinim 
qʷiƛ̉iinim 
Dick 
Old Dick 
kicaaħin 
kicaaħin 
Mr. Bill 
Mr. Bill 
hawiiʔaƛqin 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qin 
1p.REL 
when we were finished 
huuħtakšiiħ 
huuħtakšiiħ 
practise 
practising 
ʔiqiya 
ʔiqħ 
same 
-(y)iya 
at ... time 
same day 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
. 

I had Big Joe, Old Dick and Mr. Bill go about the village inviting when we had finished practising that night.

1.628
c̉ac̉awačiɬʔaƛ̉at 
c̉ac̉awačiɬ 
call one by one 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
call one by one 
ʕimtšiʔat 
ʕimtšiƛ 
call out names 
-ˀat 
PASS 
calling by name 
yaqsỷaqstiʕaqƛ̉asʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(c,k)sỷaqsti 
leading 
-ˀaˑqƛ̉as 
in the house 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who was leading in each (house) 
. 

The head of the house alone was called by name.

1.629
ɬaɬak̉ʷinmaħ 
ɬaɬak̉ʷin 
plead 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am pleading with you 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
ʔuʔukʷiɬʔaƛ̉at 
ʔuʔukʷiɬ 
mention by name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
mentioning by name 
yaqɬeeʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(č,k)ɬaˑ 
name 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
who they named 
yaqsỷaqstiʕaqƛ̉asʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(c,k)sỷaqsti 
leading 
-ˀaˑqƛ̉as 
in the house 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who was leading in each (house) 
. 

"I am pleading with you", they said, mentioning the head of the household by name.

1.630
ɬaakšiƛʔaaqƛeʔic 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
please do 
yaacšiƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
go 
kuʔaɬik 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
tomorrow morning 
hiɬʔiiħšiʔaaħ 
hiiɬʔiħšiƛ 
try 
-ˀaaħ 
IRR 
that I might try to do 
hinkʷaỷiiħ 
hinkʷaỷiiħ 
try to get 
try to get it 
yaayiɬ 
yaayiɬ 
there in house 
there in house 
č̉iħeeʔi 
č̉iħaa 
ghost 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ghost 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
wikqaa 
wik 
not 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they do not 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
be silent 
be silent 
kiikaa 
kiikaa 
whistling 
it was whistling 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉inm̉inħckʷiʔi 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉in 
Wolf Ritual initiate 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who had been Wolf Ritual initiates 
sač̉iyatuk 
saač̉a 
unceasingly 
-aˑtuk 
make ... sound 
unceasingly making the sound of 
kiikaa 
kiikaa 
whistling 
whistling 
. 

"Please come tomorrow morning so that I may try to get the ghost in the house there" because the novices do not stop whistling.

1.631
wikiɬuk 
wikiɬ 
be away from home 
-uk 
POSS 
leave no one at home 
qʷaam̉aasčiqƛ̉asʔitqak 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-aˑsči 
in one group 
-ˀaˑqƛ̉as 
in the house 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
of all those who live with you in the house 
. 

"Leave no one at home of those that live with you."

1.632
qʷam̉aaqas 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
that all of us should do 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
ħaciiỷiƛ 
ħaciiɬ 
go entire length 
-ˀiƛ 
invite [L] 
they go the entire length inviting 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
maamaħt̉i 
maħt̉ii 
house.pl 
houses 
wawaa 
wawaa 
say 
saying 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
. 

They went to all the houses saying this to all of us who are Wolf Ritual members.
pg. 65 begins here

1.633
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
weʔičuʔaƛ 
weeʔičuƛ 
fall asleep 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they go to sleep 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
waaɬčuuqħʔaƛ 
waaɬ 
say 
-čuˑ 
having ...-ed 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
having been told so 
. 

The people go to sleep after being told this.

1.634
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
yaacšiƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
they go 
hitaaqƛ̉iƛ 
hitaaqƛ̉iƛ 
go into woods 
go into woods 
m̉eeʔiiħckʷaƛquu 
m̉eeʔiiħ 
retrieve initiates 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
after having finished getting the wolf captives 
tuupšiʔaƛʔitq 
tuupšiƛ 
evening 
-L 
ITER 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when it began to get dark 
muučink 
muu 
four 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
the four together 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
young men 
ʔuuʔiƛ̉asʔaƛ 
ʔuuʔiƛ̉as 
go to get 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going to get 
nasqỷak 
nasqỷakʷ 
beating stick 
beating sticks 
qʷiiħw̉ink̉aaqƛʔitq 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ħw̉inkʷ 
use [L] 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
in order to use them 
č̉iiħwasʔap̉iikquu 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
exorcise 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
to exorcise 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
kuʔiičiʔiikquu 
kuʔiičiƛ 
become daylight 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it becomes daylight 
. 

When they have finished getting the wolf captives, four young men go into the woods for beating sticks to use when they are exorcising the ghost in the morning.

1.635
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔaƛačink̉aƛ 
ʔaƛačinkʷ 
two together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
two together did 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
k̉ʷaaɬuk 
k̉ʷaaɬuk 
branch 
branches 
ʔuuʔiƛ̉asm̉inħ 
ʔuuʔiƛ̉as 
go to get 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
the ones going to get 
qʷiƛ̉aqmapt 
qʷiƛ̉aqmapt 
Western hemlock 
Western hemlock 
. 

Two together went to get hemlock branches.

1.636
c̉awaakƛaa 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
=ƛaa 
also 
also one did 
ʔuuʔiƛ̉as 
ʔuuʔiƛ̉as 
go to get 
go to get 
tuuħmapt 
tuuħmapt 
Sitka spruce 
Sitka Spruce 
. 

And one goes for spruce.

1.637
huptaaqħʔaƛ 
huptaa 
be hiding 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they do it secretly 
wik̉iitħʔap̉aƛ 
wik̉iit 
eliminate 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
so that they may not 
n̉aacsa 
n̉aacsa 
see 
seen 
ʔumaak 
ʔumaak 
fearing 
lest 
n̉ačuʔaɬʔatquu 
n̉ačuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that they be seen 
ʔuħʔat 
ʔuħʔat 
by 
by 
wiiwiiktaqyuʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
wiktaqyu 
uninitiated 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the uninitiated 
. 

They do it secretly, so that they will not be observed by the uninitiated.

1.638
ʔuyaaƛ 
ʔuyi 
when 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they do so when 
huʔaħt̉as 
huʔaħt̉as 
come back from woods 
they come back from the woods 
tum̉aqstuʔaƛquu 
tum̉aqstawiƛ 
get dark 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it gets dark 
. 

They come back from the woods after dark.
pg. 66 begins below

1.639
ʔuħtinʔakitaʔaaɬa 
ʔuħtin 
made of 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
theirs would consist of 
nasqỷak 
nasqỷakʷ 
beating stick 
beating sticks 
yaqwiimit 
yaqwiimit 
ancestor 
ancestors 
č̉iiħwasỷak̉ap 
č̉iiħwas 
exorcise 
-ỷakʷ 
use 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
used to exorcise ghosts 
ʕayuxʷaqmapt 
ʕayuxʷaqmapt 
ayuhwin bush 
ayuhwin bush 
ʔišƛaa 
ʔiš 
and 
=ƛaa 
also 
and also 
hisʔatqmapt 
hisʔatqmapt 
red huckleberry bush 
Red Huckleberry bush 
ƛukʷaqakʔi 
ƛukʷaqakʷ 
large in girth 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the one which is large in girth 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔanaqa 
ʔana 
only 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it is only 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
very 
very 
ħastk̉aqƛ 
ħastk̉aqƛ 
loud 
loud 
nasqỷak 
nasqỷakʷ 
beating stick 
beating sticks 
yaqʷinƛitiiʔaaɬa 
yaqʷaanaw̉iƛ 
it is for that reason 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
it was for that reason that they always did 
ʔuħtinʔak 
ʔuħtin 
made of 
-ˀak 
POSS 
theirs was made of 
yaqwiimit 
yaqwiimit 
ancestor 
ancestors 
č̉iiħwasʔap̉aƛquu 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
exorcise 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when the exorcise ghosts 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

The beating sticks used by the people of old to chase out ghosts were made of ayuhwin [Devil's Club] bushes and stout red huckleberry bushes because only these make a very loud sound; that is why they used them.

1.640
yaacšiʔaƛ̉ee 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
-ee 
VOC 
go now! 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
kuʔaɬik 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
in the morning 
. 

"Come, now", they said in the morning.

1.641
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started off 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
č̉uučk 
č̉uučk 
all 
all 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉eʔis 
little child.pl 
little children 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
Wolf Ritual members 
. 

All the people, including women and children, who were Wolf Ritual members, started out.

1.642
ʔuʔiiʔiɬʔaƛ 
ʔuʔiiʔiɬ 
go into house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went to the house 
ƛuukʷaaneʔi 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one giving the Wolf Ritual 
yaa 
yaa1 
there 
there 
ʔiiħukʷitqas 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my former big one 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
yaqʷacitʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ac1 
belong to 
-(m)it 
former 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one to which belonged 
ƛapiqƛiɬim 
ƛapiqƛiɬim 
centre post 
centre post 
teeʔisim 
teeʔisim 
Beach-Pole (housepost) 
Beach-Pole 
. 

They all went into my big house, whose centre post was Beach-Pole.

1.643
c̉iiʕaqaƛ 
c̉iiq 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaqa 
several ...-ing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all sang secret chants 
ɬuucsaamiiħʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the women 
t̉iqʷiɬħm̉inħʔaƛ 
t̉iqʷiɬ 
sit on floor 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
sitting on the floor 
. 

All the women sat and chanted.

1.644
ƛuɬʔaƛ 
ƛuɬ 
attractive 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were nice 
ʔiinaxi 
ʔiinaxi 
get ready 
getting ready 
ħačatak 
ħačat 
all 
all 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
ƛuɬʔaƛ 
ƛuɬ 
attractive 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
attractively 
qicuuħ 
qicuuɬ 
painted face.pl 
painted faces 
. 

All the men and women were nicely dressed and had their faces nicely painted.

1.645
ʔukʷiiɬʔaƛ̉at 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it was being made 
tumiis 
tumiˑs 
charcoal 
charcoal 
ʔukʷiqħʔap̉at 
ʔukʷi 
at, on 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
being done in 
ƛuɬʔii 
ƛuɬ 
good 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
a good 
ɬuuʕas 
ɬuuʕa 
tray 
tray 
. 

Charcoal was being made in a good pan.

1.646
ħaayiiʔiƛ 
ħaayiiʔiƛ 
all enter house 
they all entered the house 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉eʔis 
little child.pl 
little children 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual member 
Wolf Ritual members 
. 

All the men and women and children members of the Wolf Ritual came inside.
pg. 67 begins here

1.647
wikʕaƛsap̉aƛ̉at 
wikʕaƛsap 
silence s.o. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were silenced 
c̉iiʕaqeʔi 
c̉iiq 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaqa 
several ...-ing 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones singing secret chants 
. 

The chanters were silenced.

1.648
naʔaataħšiʔaƛ̉i 
naʔaataħšiƛ 
listen to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
now listen! 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were told 
. 

"Now, listen", they were told.

1.649
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ̉at 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-ˀat 
PASS 
and then they were 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiʔaƛ̉at 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛ 
plead with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were pleaded with 
. 

Then they were begged.

1.650
ɬaakšiʔis 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
please do for me! 
tumisawup 
tumisawup 
blacken s.o.'s face 
blacken the face 
waaʔaƛ̉aanitaʔaaɬa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
they would always say to him 
siixuuɬmiik 
siixuuɬmiikʷ 
Soreface-Hunter 
Douglas 
qʷiyiqas 
qʷiyii 
when 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
when I  
ʔunaakšiʔaƛ 
ʔunaakšiƛ 
have 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
got to have him 
. 

"Please put charcoal on my face", they would say to Douglas after I came to have him.

1.651
ʔuyiiʔaƛ̉atquu 
ʔuyii 
give 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would give him 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
ʔaƛqimɬ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
two 
ʔuušp̉it 
ʔuušp̉it 
sometimes 
sometimes 
ʔuħʔiš 
ʔuħʔiš 
and 
and 
ɬuuʕeʔi 
ɬuuʕa 
plate 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
plate 
ƛuɬ 
ƛuɬ 
good 
good 
yaqčiqħʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-či1 
along with 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one containing it 
tumiisʔi 
tumiˑs 
charcoal 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the charcoal 
. 

They would pay him sometimes two dollars and the good pan which contained the charcoal.

1.652
ʔuʔuqħtimyiɬʔaaqƛeʔic 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔu 
REF 
-(q)ħta2 
on the foot [R] 
-imyiɬ 
move about on the floor 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you will go about the room with it on your feet 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
taaneeʔi 
taanaa 
money 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the money 
waaʔaƛ̉aanitaʔaaɬa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
they would always say to him 
. 

"Go around the room with this money on your feet", they would tell him.

1.653
ʔuħʔaƛitaʔaaɬa 
Fulldup- 
SUF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
he would always do 
tuumiisuup 
tuumiisawup 
put charcoal on the face 
put charcoal on the face 
. 

He would always put charcoal on their faces.

1.654
ʔaƛaaƛquu 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
there would be two 
c̉ac̉axỷak̉ʷaqƛn̉uk 
DUP- 
DIST 
c̉axỷakʷ 
spear 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
each holding a spear 
. 

There would be two, each holding a spear.

1.655
c̉awaak̉aƛquu 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
one would do 
suu 
suu 
hold 
holding 
ɬuuʕeʔi 
ɬuuʕa 
plate 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the plate 
tumiỷaħs 
tumiỷaħs 
charcoal in a vessel 
charcoal in vessel 
. 

One would hold the pan with charcoal in it.

1.656
c̉awaak̉aƛ 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
one would do now 
tuumisuup 
tuumiisawup 
put charcoal on the face 
put charcoal on the face 
. 

One would daub the charcoal on the face.

1.657
muučinkmiɬʔaƛquu 
muu 
four 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
-miˑɬ 
move about inside 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
there would be four together moving around the house 
čimcʔiiqimɬ 
čimcʔiiqimɬ 
go counter-clockwise 
doing counter-clockwise 
hiistaʕiƛ 
hiistaʕiƛ 
start from 
going from 
hiiɬsʔatuʔi 
hiiɬsʔatu 
at the door 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the door 
hiist̉iƛ 
hiist̉iƛ 
take from 
from 
yaayaaqʷħinʔiɬʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ħin1 
at the end [RL] 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one at the end of the house 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
. 

There would be four together going around the house counter clockwise, starting at the door and beginning with the person on the end of the row.

1.658
takc̉uupiƛ 
takc̉uupiƛ 
go to the rear of the house 
they went to the rear of the house 
minkšiƛ 
minkšiƛ 
make a circuit 
circling about 
ʔanaħʔitq 
ʔanaħʷ 
size 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
which was the length of 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
. 

They went to the rear of the house circling all around the length of the house.
pg. 68 begins here

1.659
ʔuwiiʔaƛ 
ʔuwii 
be first 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were the first 
tumisuuƛ 
tumisawiƛ 
put charcoal on face 
putting charcoal on face 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
yaqʷacʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ac1 
belong to 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
to whom belonged 
tumiis 
tumiˑs 
charcoal 
charcoal 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
yaayaaquuʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones doing with him 
. 

The first to get their faces daubed were the owner of the charcoal and his helpers.

1.660
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
tasšiʔaƛ 
tasšiƛ 
rub on 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they rub on 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
man 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
. 

Then they would daub all the men, women and children.

1.661
wik̉iituk̉ʷap 
wik̉iituk̉ʷap 
not allow 
they did not allow 
ʕaxʷak 
ʕaxʷak 
clean spot 
clean spot 
ʔanačuɬʔitq 
ʔanač 
that much 
-(q)uˑɬʷ 
on the face 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
anywhere on the face 
ʔaanasak̉ap 
ʔana 
only 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
they would only do 
ƛ̉iiskƛ̉iiska 
ƛ̉iiskƛ̉iiska 
flashing white 
flashing 
qasii 
qasii 
eye 
eyes 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
hinaksuɬʔatʔi 
hinaksuɬ 
mouth 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the mouth 
. 

They would leave no clean spot on the entire face, only the white-flashing eyes and the mouth.

1.662
ɬaaħaan̉uɬʔaƛ 
ɬaaħaan̉uɬ 
hold flat along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they hold theirs flat along 
c̉axỷakm̉inħukʔi 
c̉axỷakʷ 
spear 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their spears 
ʔaƛeʔi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the two 
quqʷaacaqʔi 
quqʷaas 
man 
-aq 
big 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the two big men 
yaʕiħtimyiɬʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀiħta 
at or on the nose 
-imyiɬ 
move about on the floor 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were leading about the house 
. 

The two big men who were leading the way around the house had their spears flat along their breasts.

1.663
kiikaaʔaƛ 
kiikaa 
whistling 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were whistling with 
ħiin̉eʔi 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the quartzes 
yaaqcħeʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-cħa 
go in connection with [L] 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
those who were doing so 
tuumisuuƛ 
tumisawiƛ 
put charcoal on face 
blacken the face 
. 

Those whose faces they were smearing with charcoal were whistling their quartzes.

1.664
t̉aaqapiqħ 
t̉aq1 
unchanged 
-api1 
COMPAR [L] 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
they kept doing unchanged 
n̉aasšiƛ 
n̉aasšiƛ 
dawn 
dawn 
kiikaa 
kiikaa 
whistling 
whistling 
ʔaaneʔitq 
ʔana 
thus much 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
thus much 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
n̉aan̉aasw̉isa 
DUP- 
SUF 
n̉aas 
daylight 
-w̉isaˑ 
exit water 
until sunrise 
wiktaqšiƛ 
wiktaq 
never 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
they never did 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
be silent 
be silent 
. 

They kept up the whistling all night till daylight, they were never quiet.

1.665
č̉uučk 
č̉uučk 
all 
all 
tumisuuƛ 
tumisawiƛ 
put charcoal on face 
put charcoal on face 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual member 
Wolf Ritual members 
. 

All the men, women and children members of the Wolf Ritual got their faces smeared with charcoal.

1.666
kʷisiɬaƛ 
kʷisiɬa 
change 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they become different 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
tumisuuƛkʷačiʔaƛ 
tumisawiƛ 
put charcoal on face 
-kʷačiƛ1 
do completely 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
putting charcoal on their faces 
. 

The people looked different due to the charcoal on their faces.
pg. 69 begins here

1.667
ʔaniičiʔat 
ʔana 
only 
-iičiƛ 
INC 
-ˀat 
PASS 
only theirs became 
ƛ̉iʔiiskƛ̉iska 
ƛ̉iiskƛ̉iiska 
flashing white 
flashing white 
qasiim̉inħ 
qasii 
eye 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
eyes 
. 

Only their eyes flashed white.

1.668
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛaħ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
and then I did 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiʔaƛ 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛ 
plead with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
pleaded with them 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
exorcise 
exorcise 
yaqʔaaqƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who was going to 
. 

I began pleading with those who would exorcise the ghost.

1.669
ʔuukʷiɬʔaƛaħ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I did to 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛ 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛ 
plead with 
pleading with 
čeeksin 
čeeksin 
Jackson Dan 
Jackson 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
yuuk̉um 
yuuk̉um 
Yuukum 
Yuukum 
. 

I pleaded with Jackson and Yuukum.

1.670
ɬaakšiʔisɔɔ 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
-ee 
VOC 
please do! 
ƛawiičiƛ 
ƛawiičiƛ 
approach 
approach 
histaatuk 
histaatuk 
hear a sound from 
sounding 
č̉iħeeʔi 
č̉iħaa 
ghost 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ghost 
ʔatħʔaƛ 
ʔat 
indeed 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
indeed 
ɬaakšiƛ 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
please do 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ciqiiteʔi 
ciqiita1 
spokesman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the spokesman 
. 

"Do me the favour of approaching the noisy ghost, please", said the spokesman.

1.671
hiinapuƛ 
hiinapawiƛ 
present 
they were put in front of them 
muuqumɬ 
muu 
four 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
four 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
. 

Four dollars were put before them.

1.672
ʔaʔaʔaƛqimɬħtimyiɬm̉inħʔaaqƛeʔicuu 
DUP- 
DIST 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-(q)ħta2 
on the foot [R] 
-imyiɬ 
move about on the floor 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)eˑʔicuu 
2p.IND 
you will each move about the floor with two (dollars) on your feet 
waaʔaƛsiƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
also 
I said again 
. 

"You will each carry two (dollars) on your feet," I said also.

1.673
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛsiƛaa 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛ 
plead with 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
again I pleaded with 
kiilik 
kiilik 
Gaillic 
Gaillic 
ʔucħi 
ʔucħi 
married to 
married to 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
hapuuɬ 
hapuuɬ 
Boston Bob 
Boston Bob 
. 

Again I pleaded with Gaillic's wife and Boston Bob.

1.674
ỷuuqʷaaʔapsiƛaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I also had them do 
ʔaʔaʔaƛqimɬħtimyiɬm̉inħ 
DUP- 
DIST 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-(q)ħta2 
on the foot [R] 
-imyiɬ 
move about on the floor 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
each moving about with two on their feet 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollar 
c̉awaakqħ 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
each being one 
. 

I also had them go around, each with two dollars on his feet.

1.675
wiiỷamaʔat 
wiiỷa 
never 
-ma2 
... thing 
-ˀat 
PASS 
though it is never 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
muumiiɬ 
muu 
four 
-miˑɬ 
move about inside 
four moving about in the house 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
exorcise 
exorcising the ghost 
. 

However, it is not ordinarily done that way, with four people going about driving out the ghost.

1.676
ʔanaanuuƛitaħ 
ʔana 
only 
-aˑnaw̉iƛ 
because of ... 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
only because I do 
qʷaaʔap 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
do 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
ʔayačiqħitqas 
ʔaya 
many 
-čiqħ 
get ... in searching for food 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
that I got plenty 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
ħačatmiɬʔap 
ħačat 
all 
-miˑɬ 
move about inside 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
made all of them to move about the house 
muu 
muu 
four 
four 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
exorcise 
exorcising the ghost 
. 

Only because I had plenty of wealth did I have all four of them exorcising the ghost.
pg. 70 begins above

1.677
ʔaniyimtaʔaaɬa 
ʔana 
only 
-(y)iya 
at ... time 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-a 
ABS? 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
only when it was 
ʔumiiɬ 
ʔumiiɬ 
move about in the house 
moving about in the house 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
exorcise 
exorcising the ghost 
kiilik 
kiilik 
Gaillic 
Gaillic 
ʔucħi 
ʔucħi 
married to 
married to 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
hapuuɬ 
hapuuɬ 
Boston Bob 
Boston Bob 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
c̉išaaʔatħʔaƛquu 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it was a Tsishaa person 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
ʔaniyaƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-(y)iya 
at ... time 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it is only at the time when 
maakƛʕiiʔatħʔaƛquu 
maakƛʕiiʔatħ 
Wouwer Island band 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it was a Storm Island person 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
doing the Wolf Ritual 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔumiiɬʔaƛ 
ʔumiiɬ 
move about in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they would move about the house 
čeeksin 
čeeksin 
Jackson Dan 
Jackson 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
yuuk̉um 
yuuk̉um 
Yuukum 
Yuukum 
. 

Only when a Tsishaa person was initiated did Mrs. Gaillic and Boston Bob dance about driving out the ghost, but Jackson and Yuukum would do it when a Storm Island person was being initiated.

1.678
ʔuunuuʔaƛitaħƛaa 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ƛaa 
also 
I did so because also 
ħačatmiɬʔap 
ħačat 
all 
-miˑɬ 
move about inside 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
made all of them to move about the house 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
wikmiħsamitqas 
wik 
not 
-miħsa 
want 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I did not want them to 
n̉uptaqimɬħquu 
n̉up 
one 
-taqimɬ 
... group(s) 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that one group was 
yaaʔak̉at 
yaaʔakʷ 
sore 
-ˀat 
INAL 
sore 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
heart 
heart 
. 

I had them all dancing because I did not want one group to feel bad.

1.679
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
m̉ušsp̉awiʔaƛ̉in 
m̉ušsp̉awiƛ 
close up roof vent 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
let us close up our roof hole 
ʔuušmaqšiʔaƛ̉in 
ʔuušmaqšiƛ 
become fearsome 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
let us become fearsome 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

"Now let us close up our roof, let us be fearsome", said the people.

1.680
č̉uučqinƛšiʔaƛ 
č̉uučqinƛšiƛ 
tie hair in topknot 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they tied their hair in knots 
muuʔii 
muu 
four 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the four 
weʔiiqqinuʔaƛ 
weʔiiqqinawiƛ 
put on headdress 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
putting on headdresses 
tum̉aqƛčiqħʔaƛ 
tum̉aqƛ 
be dark inside 
-či2 
at 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
while it was dark 
. 

The four tied their hair up in knots and put on their headdresses in the dark.

1.681
tuuħmapt 
tuuħmapt 
Sitka spruce 
Sitka spruce 
ʔuqʷinuʔaƛ 
ʔuqʷinawiƛ 
put on the head 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they put on their heads 
weʔiiqqinƛ 
weʔiiqqinawiƛ 
put on headdress 
putting on headdresses 
. 

They put the spruce headdresses on their heads.

1.682
c̉isat̉akƛim̉inħʔaƛ 
c̉isat̉akƛi 
hang at the back 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they had hanging behind their backs 
ƛukʷitħsa 
ƛukʷiit 
large in girth 
-ħsaˑ2 
at the edge [L] 
stout 
hisyuu 
hisyuu 
shredded cedar bark 
shredded cedar bark 
n̉aapsaħaƛ 
n̉aapsaħi 
be in the same way 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
in the same manner 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
hikuuɬm̉inħʔaƛ 
hikuuɬ 
overhang 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were hanging over 
weʔiiqqimm̉inħukʔi 
weʔiiqqim 
head tuft 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their head tufts 
. 

They had stout cords of cedar bark wool hanging behind them just as they had them hanging over their face from their head branches.
pg. 71 begins below

1.683
n̉uššiʔaƛ 
n̉uššiƛ 
distribute property 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they handed out 
nasqỷak 
nasqỷakʷ 
beating stick 
beating stick 
č̉uučkiɬʔaƛ 
č̉uučk 
all 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
to all 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
. 

Then they passed out beating sticks to all the people.

1.684
wikʕaƛ̉aƛ 
wikʕaƛ 
be silent 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they kept silent 
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
not doing 
ƛ̉imqʕaƛck̉inʔis 
ƛ̉imqʕaƛ 
noise 
-ck̉in 
COMPAR 
-ʔis 
DIM 
even a small noise 
wiikʔaqƛ̉ap̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaqƛ3 
expert ...er 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
not making  
nasqʕaƛck̉inʔis 
nasqʕaƛ 
knocking 
-ck̉in 
COMPAR 
-ʔis 
DIM 
a little knock 
. 

They were then silent, trying not to make the slightest knock.

1.685
ʔuʔakƛimyiɬ 
ʔuʔakƛi 
bring up the rear 
-imyiɬ 
move about on the floor 
they were following behind moving about 
ʔaƛa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
two 
c̉ac̉axỷak̉ʷaqƛn̉uk 
DUP- 
DIST 
c̉axỷakʷ 
spear 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
each holding a spear 
quqʷaas 
quqʷaas 
man 
men 
ʔuʔuuʔiiħ 
ʔuʔuuʔiiħ 
try to do 
trying to do 
nasqʕaƛasnak̉apquu 
nasqʕaƛ 
knocking 
-as1 
reach 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that they might make a knocking sound 
. 

There were two men following behind holding spears to keep anyone from making a sound with the sticks.

1.686
čimčuuʔaƛ 
čama 
proper 
-čuˑ 
having ...-ed 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were arranged 
ɬuʔukʔi 
ɬuʔuk 
board 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the boards 
nasqac̉us 
nasqac̉us 
beating board 
beating boards 
. 

The beating boards were arranged.

1.687
ʔaʔačtqiɬʔaƛ 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔačtqiɬ 
prop up on the floor 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all had blocks under them 
qʷaaqħʔaqƛʔitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
so that in that way they would 
ħas 
ħas(t) 
loud 
be loud 
nasqaaʔat̉iikquu 
nasqaa 
beating 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they would beat them 
. 

They were set on blocks to produce a loud sound when they would beat them.

1.688
č̉uučkiɬʔaƛ̉at 
č̉uučk 
all 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
all in the house would do 
nasqỷakʷayiiʔat 
nasqỷakʷ 
beating stick 
-ayiˑ 
give 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they would be given beating sticks 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
wik̉ap̉aƛ̉at 
wik 
not 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they would not let them have 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
t̉aatn̉eʔisʔi 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the little children 
ʔumaak̉ap̉aƛ̉at 
ʔumaak 
fearing 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
fearing that they might do 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ƛ̉imqʕaƛasʔapquu 
ƛ̉imqʕaƛ 
noise 
-ˀas4 
about to 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would make a sound 
. 

They gave beating sticks to all the men and women but not to the children lest they make a sound (on the boards).

1.689
wikʕaƛ̉aƛ 
wikʕaƛ 
be silent 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they kept silent 
kakaaɬink̉aƛ 
kakaaɬinkʷ 
whisper 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
whispering 
ciiqciiqa 
ciiqciiqa 
speaking 
talking 
. 

They were silent, speaking to each other in whispers.
pg. 72 begins here

1.690
katpiʔaƛ 
katpiƛ 
kneel down 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they knelt down 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
. 

The men knelt down.

1.691
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they stopped 
t̉iqʷiɬ 
t̉iqʷ 
sit 
-‘iɬ3 
on the floor 
sitting on the floor 
katpiʔaƛ 
katpiƛ 
kneel down 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they knelt down 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
ħaatħaakʷaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman.pl 
young women 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
young men 
. 

The women and girls and young men also no longer sat but knelt down.

1.692
wiikʕaƛapaƛ 
wikʕaƛ 
be silent 
-api2 
in the air [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were silent now 
. 

They were silent.

1.693
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
c̉iiqšiʔaƛ 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started chanting 
yaqmiiɬʔaaqƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-miˑɬ 
move about inside 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who would go about the house 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
exorcise 
exorcising the ghost 
. 

The ones who were going to move about the house and drive out the ghost started chanting.
31) yaqmiiɬʔaaqƛʔitq 'the one who is going to be going around the floor,' meaning the ones that are dressed up in branches and dance, each holding kuxmin in their hands at the time of č̉iiħwasʔap.

1.694
hihiihii 
hihiihii 
hihiihii 
hihiihii 
waa 
waa 
say 
they said 
ʔam̉uuħsuɬ 
ʔam̉a 
soon 
-waħsuɬ 
exit ... 
uttering soon 
. 

"Hihiihii hihiihii", they began uttering.

1.695
|| 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ʔaa 

hihaa 
ŋaay 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ʔaa 

||. 

1.696
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔaanaak 
ʔana 
thus much 
-ˀak 
POSS 
theirs was that much 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
. 

That was their entire chant.

1.697
ħaačatuuʔaƛ 
ħaačatuwa 
all together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all did together 
yaqmiiɬw̉it̉asʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-miˑɬ 
move about inside 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were going to move about the house 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
exorcise 
exorcising the ghost 
čeeksin 
čeeksin 
Jackson Dan 
Jackson 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
yuuk̉um 
yuuk̉um 
Yuukum 
Yuukum 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
hapuuɬ 
hapuuɬ 
Boston Bob 
Boston Bob 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
kiilik 
kiilik 
Gaillic 
Gaillic 
ʔucħi 
ʔucħi 
married to 
married to 
. 

Jackson, Yuukum, Boston Bob and Mrs. Gaillic, who were going to exorcise the ghost, all did it together.

1.698
wikʕaƛ̉aƛ 
wikʕaƛ 
be silent 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they kept silent 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
t̉iqʷiɬʔi 
t̉iqʷ 
sit 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones sitting in the house 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
. 

The men and women who were seated were silent.

1.699
ʔuyaaƛquu 
ʔuyi 
if 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
if they would  
haayaapuʔaƛquu 
haayaapawiƛ 
forget 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
forget 
ʔuušħ 
ʔuuš 
some 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
someone 
ƛ̉imqʕaƛuk 
ƛ̉imqʕaƛ 
make a noise 
-uk 
POSS 
make a noise 
č̉inʔiʔaƛ̉atquu 
č̉inʔiƛ 
grab by the hair 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would be grabbed by the hair 
čiicsc̉uupipiʔat 
čiicsc̉uupipiƛ 
drag to the middle of the room 
-ˀat 
PASS 
be dragged to the middle of the room 
. 

If someone forgot and made a sound, he was grabbed by the hair and dragged to the middle of the room.
pg. 73 begins here

1.700
ħap̉it 
ħa 
complete 
-p̉it3 
... times 
they did the full number of times 
muup̉it 
muup̉it 
four times 
four times 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
singing secret chant 
ʔiʔiqħiyaqħ 
ʔiʔiqħiyaqħ 
sing the same song 
sing the same song 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ʔiiʔiinaxiʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔiinaxi 
dress up 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were dressed up 
. 

The bedecked dancers chanted the same song the full four times.

1.701
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hisšiʔaƛ 
hisšiƛ 
strike 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started beating 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ħastkaqsuɬʔi 
ħastkaqsuɬ 
strong voice 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones with a strong voice 
nuuʔiʔaƛ 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started singing 
. 

Then they started beating and the ones with a strong voice started singing.

1.702
ʔuħʔap̉aanitaħʔaaɬa 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
they always let me do 
nuyaawa 
nuyaawa 
song leader 
song leader 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
ʔuupimtqaas 
ʔuupi1 
Superlative 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I had the most 
ħastkaqsuɬ 
ħastkaqsuɬ 
loud voice 
loud voice 
ʔiiħʔat 
ʔiiħʷ 
very 
-ˀat 
PASS 
very 
našuk 
našuk 
strong 
strong 
waniiq 
waniˑq 
throat 
throat 
. 

They always let me be the song leader because I had the loudest and strongest voice.

1.703
hisšiʔaƛsi 
hisšiƛ 
strike 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I beat 
nasqỷakukqas 
nasqỷakʷ 
beating stick 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my beating stick 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
nasqac̉usʔi 
nasqac̉us 
beating board 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
beating board 
. 

I beat with my stick on the beating board.

1.704
huhuu 
huhuu 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
wy 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
ħaačatuuʔaƛ 
ħaačatuwa 
all together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all did together 
qʷam̉iiɬʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all in house would do 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

"Huhuu waa wiy huuy", then said all the people in the room.

1.705
miɬšiʔaƛ 
miɬšiƛ 
be the same 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
at the same time they did 
hisšiƛ 
hisšiƛ 
strike 
beating 
nasqỷakukʔi 
nasqỷakʷ 
beating stick 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
with their sticks 
. 

Simultaneously, all beat with their sticks.

1.706
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
also now they did 
ʔiiʔiinaxiʔi 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔiinaxi 
dress up 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were dressed up 
muu 
muu 
four 
four 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
exorcise 
exorcising the ghost 
tuxsaap̉at 
tuxsaap 
make jump 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they made jump 
kuxminʔakʔi 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their rattles 
. 

And the four bedecked ghost-chasers made their rattles jump.

1.707
miɬšiʔaƛ 
miɬšiƛ 
be the same 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
at the same time they did 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
kuxmatqšiʔaƛ 
kuxmatqšiƛ 
begin rattling 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began rattling 
ƛ̉iikapat 
ƛ̉iikapi 
put up in the air 
-ˀat 
INAL 
put up in the air theirs 
qacaasʔatʔi 
qaccaas 
left hand 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their left hands 
kʷikʷinksu 
kʷikʷinksu 
hand 
hands 
hiɬħʔaƛuk 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
theirs being at 
kuxmatqa 
kuxmatqa 
shaking rattle 
shaking rattles 
kuxminʔakʔi 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their rattles 
ʔam̉aqƛinkst̉asʔatʔi 
ʔam̉aqƛinkst̉as 
occiput 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
at the back of their heads 
. 

All together they began shaking their rattles, with left hands outstretched and the rattles at the back of their heads.
pg. 74 begins above

1.708
takiɬʔap 
takiɬʔap 
hold facing the floor 
they held towards the floor 
čaani 
čaani 
for a while 
for a while 
ƛ̉iikapi 
ƛ̉iikapi 
put up in the air 
they put up in the air 
qacaasʔatʔi 
qaccaas 
left hand 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their left hands 
kʷikʷinksu 
kʷikʷinksu 
hand 
hands 
. 

Briefly they held out their left hands toward the floor.

1.709
n̉aacsaaƛ 
n̉aacsa 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they look now 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
nasqaa 
nasqaa 
beating 
beating (time) 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
refer to 
yaqmiiɬʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-miˑɬ 
move about inside 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones moving about 
. 

The ones moving abo9ut look at all the ones beating time.

1.710
qiick̉inʔap 
qiick̉in 
for a little while 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
they do for a little while 
takiɬ 
takiɬ 
face the floor 
facing the floor 
qacaasʔatʔi 
qaccaas 
left hand 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their left hands 
kʷikʷinksu 
kʷikʷinksu 
hand 
hands 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔič̉aỷap̉aƛ 
ʔič̉aʔap 
lift up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they lift them up 
. 

They keep their left hands pointed at the floor a little while, then lift them up.

1.711
miɬšiʔaƛ 
miɬšiƛ 
be the same 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
at the same time they did 
ʔič̉aỷap̉aƛʔitq 
ʔič̉aʔap 
lift up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were lifting up 
ʕuusaaʔaƛ 
ʕuusaa 
repeat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they repeated now 
. 

As the ones who were lifting them were doing so, they repeat again.

1.712
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
huu 
huu 
ho 
huu 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
ʕuusaa 
ʕuusaa 
repeat 
repeating 
. 

"Waa huu", they say, beginning over.

1.713
miɬšiʔaƛƛaa 
miɬšiƛ 
be the same 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they do so at the same time 
huuuu 
huu+ 
huu+ 
huu+ 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
huʕaaʔatap̉aƛquu 
huʕaaʔatap 
put down 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
put down 
qacaasʔatʔi 
qaccaas 
left hand 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their left hands 
kʷikʷinksu 
kʷikʷinksu 
hand 
hands 
yaqmiiɬʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-miˑɬ 
move about inside 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones moving about 
. 

Again all the ones moving about say, "Huu", as they put their left hands down again.

1.714
qiick̉inʔapƛaa 
qiick̉in 
for a little while 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they do briefly 
takiɬ 
takiɬ 
face the floor 
facing the floor 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛƛaa 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
=ƛaa 
again 
and then again 
huʔinisanup̉aƛƛaa 
huʔimsanup 
raise up again 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they raise up again 
yackaaqħʔaƛ 
yackaa 
stepping 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
while stepping  
minkaaʔaƛ 
minkaa 
circle around 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
circling around 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
hisiikʷaħuʔiɬ 
hisiikʷ 
go along 
-aˑħawiɬ 
in front of 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
going along in front of them 
nasqeeʔi 
nasqaa 
beating 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the beating 
čimcʔiiqimɬ 
čimcʔiiqimɬ 
go counter-clockwise 
doing counter-clockwise 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
. 

Again they point briefly at the floor, then raise their hands, meanwhile circling rapidly about the room counter clockwise in front of the beaters.

1.715
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ħacʔiiqimɬʔaƛquu 
ħacʔiiqimɬ 
make complete circuit 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they made a complete circuit 
wiinapiɬħʔaƛ 
wiinapiɬ 
stay in the house 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
there in the house 
mInterlinšiƛ 
mInterlinšiƛ 
turn around 
they turned around 
čimcʔiiqimɬ 
čimcʔiiqimɬ 
go counter-clockwise 
doing counter-clockwise 
. 

Upon completing the circle, they start whirling about counter clockwise.

1.716
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ɬinqšiʔaƛ 
ɬinqšiƛ 
trill 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they trill 
tarrrr 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
saying 
. 

They trill their lips, saying, "tarrrr".
pg. 75 begins here

1.717
ʔuʔiiʔaƛ 
ʔuʔii 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they keep going 
ʔaaninqʔitq 
ʔana 
thus much 
-inq 
can 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as much as they can do 
ħaačatuuʔaƛ 
ħaačatuwa 
all together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all did together 
qʷam̉iiɬʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all in house would do 
. 

Everybody continues until out of breath.

1.718
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
huuuuy 
huu+y 
waaɬinỷaƛ 
waaɬinỷu 
say last of all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
saying last of all 
qʷayacʕaƛ̉aƛ 
qʷayacʕaƛ 
sound of wolf howling 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
the sound of a wolf howling 
. 

Last of all, they say, "Huuy" (in a high voice), the sound of a wolf howl.

1.719
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
miɬšiʔaƛ 
miɬšiƛ 
be the same 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
at the same time they did 
tuxšiƛ 
tuxšiƛ 
jump 
jump 
yayaaqmiɬʔitq 
DUP- 
PL 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-miˑɬ 
move about inside 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones moving about the house 
. 

And them all the ones moving about the house jump up at the same time.

1.720
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
huy 
hu(u)y 
huy! 
huy 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
waaqħʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
tuxšiƛ 
tuxšiƛ 
jump 
jumping 
. 

"Huuy huy huuy", they say as they jump.

1.721
kiikaaʔaƛ 
kiikaa 
whistling 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they keep whistling 
ħiin̉eʔi 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the quartzes 
. 

The quartzes keep whistling.

1.722
ʔuħʔaƛuk 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
this has its 
ʕimtii 
ʕimtii 
name 
name 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
exorcise 
exorcising the ghost 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
qʷaaʔap̉aƛquu 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would do thus 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

This is called exorcising the ghost what they would do.

1.723
ħap̉it 
ħa 
complete 
-p̉it3 
... times 
they do the full number of times 
muup̉it 
muup̉it 
four times 
four times 
nuusaa 
nuusaa 
start to sing 
start to sing 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
nuyaaweʔi 
nuyaawa 
song leader 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the song leader 
. 

The song leader starts the song the full four times.

1.724
ʔuwiiʔap 
ʔuwii 
be first 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
first he does 
hisšiƛ 
hisšiƛ 
strike 
beats 
nasqỷakukʔi 
nasqỷakʷ 
beating stick 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
with his stick 
. 

First he beats with his stick.

1.725
|| 
huhuuy 
wahaa 
wy 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
tprrr 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
huy 
hu(u)y 
huy! 
huy 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
||. 

"Huyuuy wahaa wiy, huuy waa, huuy waa, tprrr, huuy huuy huy huuy."
Whirring sound with lips.

1.726
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔuum̉aap̉aʔaaɬ 
ʔuum̉aap̉a 
do so far 
-ʔaaɬ2 
each 
they do so each time 
muup̉it 
muup̉it 
four times 
four times 
. 

They do this four times.
pg. 76 begins below

1.727
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
waa 
waa 
say 
they say 
muup̉it 
muup̉it 
four times 
four times 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
yaqmiiɬm̉inħʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
-miˑɬ 
move about inside 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were moving about the house 
. 

The ones moving about the house also say this four times.

1.728
minkšiƛ 
minkšiƛ 
make a circuit 
they make a circuit 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
yackaa 
yackaa 
stepping rapidly 
stepping rapidly 
hisiikʷaħuʔiɬ 
hisiikʷ 
go along 
-aˑħawiɬ 
in front of 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
going along in front of them 
nasqaam̉inħʔi 
nasqaa 
beating 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones beating the boards 
čimcʔiiqimɬm̉inħ 
čimcʔiiqimɬ 
go counter-clockwise 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
the ones going counter clockwise 
kuxmatqaqčik 
kuxmatqa 
shaking rattle 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
going along shaking their rattles 
. 

They circle rapidly round the room the ones going counter clockwise in front of the beaters, shaking their rattles as they go.

1.729
ħap̉itšiʔaƛ 
ħap̉itšiƛ 
do a complete cycle 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they do a complete cycle 
muup̉it 
muup̉it 
four times 
four times 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
nuuʔiʔaƛ 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started singing 
. 

They so a complete cycle four times and then start the song.

1.730
hisšiʔaƛƛaa 
hisšiƛ 
strike 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again he strikes 
nuunuuk̉ʷaɬukʔi 
nuunuuk̉ʷaɬuk 
song leader 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the song leader 
nasqỷakukʔi 
nasqỷakʷ 
beating stick 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
with his stick 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
nuuʔiʔaƛ 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he starts the song 
. 

The song leader strikes with his stick and starts the song.

1.731
|| 
nuunaawuuwu 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
nanuuʔanaaks 
hitaaħt̉aʔa 
ʕuusaa 
ʕuusaa 
repeat 
repeating 
nuunaawuuwu 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
nanuuʔanaaks 
hitaaħt̉aʔaa 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
part 
ʔuukʷaayiiyi 
yaaha 
ʔuukʷiin̉uɬsiiš 
hitaaħt̉aʔa 
ʔiqʷaaƛaa 
hiiỷaayiiyi 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
hiỷaaʔakiis 
tiɬtiičuw̉aa 
hiiỷaayiiyiyaa 
hiỷaaʔakiis 
tiɬtiičuw̉a 
living among the rocks 
tiiɬtaayiiyi 
yaaha 
tiɬtiičuw̉a 
living among the rocks 
tiitiičuw̉a 
qʷayac̉iikqana 
tiiɬtaayiiyi 
yaaha 
tiɬtiičuw̉aak 
qʷayac̉iiqanaa 
||. 

I come down the rocky stream at the place of live wolves all about.
cf. R & S no. 74 - (vii F 35b). Exorcising song for wolf ritual. Second four rounds (see 73 and 75). Treated as described under 73.
pg. 77 begins above

1.732
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ħaaħaaħanuʔaƛ 
ħaaħaaħanawiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finish 
ʕimtʕimta 
ʕimtʕimta 
singing words 
singing the words 
naasqnaasqšiʔaƛ 
naasqnaasqšiƛ 
start beating a drum 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they start beating drums 
. 

They finish singing and start beating.

1.733
čaaniqa 
čaani 
at first 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
for a while they did 
tuxʷasʔap 
tuxʷasʔap 
bounce s.t. 
bouncing 
nasqaa 
nasqaa 
beating 
beating time 
. 

For a while they keep the sticks bouncing rapidly.

1.734
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they stop 
wiinapup̉aƛ 
wiinapawup 
stop s.o. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
stopping 
nasqỷakukʔi 
nasqỷakʷ 
beating stick 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their stick 
ʕimtʕimtšiʔaƛquu 
ʕimtʕimtšiƛ 
begin singing words 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they begin singing 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

They stop their sticks when they begin singing the words.

1.735
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔuuyaqapaƛ 
ʔuyi 
when 
-ˀaqa 
several ...-ing 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started right away 
naasqnaasqšiʔaƛ 
naasqnaasqšiƛ 
start beating a drum 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they start beating drums 
. 

Now they begin beating the drums.

1.736
kimskimsaƛuk 
kimskimsa 
beating a drum rapidly 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
they were beating their drums rapidly 
naasqnaasqa 
naasqnaasqa 
be beating time 
beating time 
. 

They were doing a quick measured beating.

1.737
|| 
nuunaawuuwu 
yaha 
nanuuʔanaaks 
hitaaħt̉aʔaa 
||. 

1.738
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔanaqimɬsa 
ʔana 
only 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-sasa 
only [L] 
it was just that much only 
. 

It was just that length.

1.739
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛƛaa 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
=ƛaa 
again 
and then again 
ʕuusʔuuʔaƛƛaa 
ʕuusʔawiƛ 
repeat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they repeat it again 
. 

And then they repeat it again.
cf. R & S no. 74

1.740
|| 
nuunaawuuwu 
yaaha 
nanuuʔanaaks 
hitaaħt̉aʔaa 
||. 

1.741
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔaaʔaniwasa 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔana 
only 
-waˑ 
say [R] 
-sasa 
only [L] 
it says only that 
ʕuusʔuƛšiiɬ 
ʕuusʔuƛšiiɬ 
repeat at intervals 
repeat at intervals 
ʔaanaħi 
ʔaanaħi 
just 
just 
. 

It says only that and then just repeat that over and over.

1.742
huuyaaɬʔaƛ 
huuyaaɬ 
dance 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they danced now 
ʔiiʔiinaxiʔi 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔiinaxi 
dress up 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were dressed up 
. 

The ones who were dressed up danced.

1.743
huɬhuɬmiɬm̉inħʔaƛ 
Fulldup- 
PL? 
huɬmiiɬ 
dance about the house 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they are all then dancing about the floor 
susucaqc̉uuqħʔaƛ 
DUP- 
PL 
suucaqc̉uu 
hold at the end 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
holding at the ends 
kuxminm̉inħukʔi 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their rattles 
. 

They dance about holding the two ends of their rattles.
pg. 78 begins here

1.744
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
qʷaaỷiħtaqšiƛsaƛ 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ỷiħtaqak 
originate from... 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
from doing that they start to do 
huɬhuɬmiɬ 
huɬhuɬmiɬ 
dancing about the house 
dancing about the house 
ʔič̉aỷap̉aƛ 
ʔič̉aʔap 
lift up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they lift them up 
kuxminm̉inħukʔi 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their rattles 
ʔucaỷap̉aƛ 
ʔucaỷap 
take to swh 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going to 
ʔaʔapkuuʔasʔatʔi 
ʔaʔapkuuʔas 
side of head 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
to the sides of their heads 
. 

Then they dance about the house lifting their rattles up to the side of their heads.

1.745
qʷaaqħʔaƛ 
qʷaa 
thus 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did that way 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
mInterlinšiʔaƛ 
mInterlinšiƛ 
turn around 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
circling 
. 

Holding them in that position, they circle around.

1.746
miɬšiʔaƛ 
miɬšiƛ 
be the same 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
at the same time they did 
nuʔatap 
nuʔatap 
finish singing 
finish singing 
mInterlinšiʔaƛʔitq 
mInterlinšiƛ 
turn around 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were turning around 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

The ones who were turning round promptly ended their song as they did so.

1.747
ɬinqšiʔaƛ 
ɬinqšiƛ 
trill 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they make a trilling sound 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
. 

Then they trill their lips.

1.748
ʔanic̉aƛ 
ʔanic 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they do thus 
ɬinqaa 
ɬinqaa 
making a whirring sound 
making a whirring sound 
ʔanicʔitq 
ʔanic 
thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were doing thus 
mInterlinʷaa 
mInterlinʷaa 
circling 
circling 
wiinapiɬħʔaƛ 
wiinapiɬ 
stay in the house 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
doing in the house 
mInterlinʷaa 
mInterlinʷaa 
circling 
circling 
kuxmatqakħ 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
while shaking their rattles 
. 

They continue trilling as long as they are turning, circling the house and meanwhile shaking their rattles.

1.749
ħaačatuuʔaƛƛaa 
ħaačatuwa 
all together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they all do together again 
ɬinqaa 
ɬinqaa 
making a whirring sound 
making a whirring sound 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
wiinapuʔaƛ 
wiinapawiƛ 
stop 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they stop 
. 

They all trill once more and then stop.

1.750
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
huy 
hu(u)y 
huy! 
huy 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
ʔiiʔiinaxiʔi 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔiinaxi 
dress up 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were dressed up 
. 

Then the once all dressed up say, "Huy".

1.751
ʔuuħsasaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-sasa 
just [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they then just do 
ʔuħtaaʔaƛ 
ʔuħtaa 
towards 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they do to 
wiinapup 
wiinapawup 
stop s.o. 
stopping 
nasqỷakukʔi 
nasqỷakʷ 
beating stick 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
with his stick 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
huy 
hu(u)y 
huy! 
huy 
waaʔaƛquu 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would say 
yaqmiiɬm̉inħʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
-miˑɬ 
move about inside 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were moving about the house 
. 

The many people stop their beating sticks, the ones circling the room saying 'huy'.

1.752
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
tuxmisanuʔaƛ 
tuxmisanawiƛ 
jump up onto 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they jump up 
ʔiiʔiinaxiʔi 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔiinaxi 
dress up 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were dressed up 
. 

Then the ones who were dressed up jump up.

1.753
miɬšiʔaƛ 
miɬšiƛ 
be the same 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
at the same time they did 
tuxmisanuʔaƛʔitq 
tuxmisanawiƛ 
jump up onto 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who had jumped up 
nasqasip̉aƛ 
nasqaasip 
beat on a surface 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they beat their sticks down 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
n̉up̉itasip̉aƛ 
n̉up̉it 
once 
-aˑs1 
on a surface 
-ip 
PRF.CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
doing once on their drums 
. 

At the same time as the ones who jumped up, they bring their sticks down in a single beat.

1.754
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
waaɬinỷaƛ 
waaɬinỷu 
say last of all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
saying last of all 
qʷayacʕaƛ̉aƛ 
qʷayacʕaƛ 
sound of wolf howling 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
the sound of a wolf howling 
. 

Finally they give the wolf call, "Huuy".
pg. 79 begins here

1.755
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
huy 
hu(u)y 
huy! 
huy 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
. 

And then they say, "Huuy huy huuy".

1.756
muup̉it 
muup̉it 
four times 
four times 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
qʷiis 
qʷis 
do thus 
they do thus 
ʔiiqħʔiƛ 
ʔiiqħʔiƛ 
take up the same one 
they take up the same one 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
. 

They take up this same song four times.

1.757
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ƛaaʔup̉iw̉iʔaƛ 
ƛaaʔup̉iw̉iƛ 
take up another song 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they take up another one 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
. 

Then they take up another song.

1.758
|| 
naaʔaawuwaaʔaa 
naaʔaawuwaaʔaa 
naaʔuuƛaʔiic 
quʔaac̉ihiis 
||. 

1.759
ʕuusʔuƛƛaa 
ʕuusʔawiƛ 
repeat 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they repeat 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔanaqimɬuk 
ʔana 
only 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-uk 
POSS 
it is only this theirs 
. 

And they repeat. Then they go over to another verse,

1.760
|| 
naaʔaawuwaaʔaa 
naaʔaawuwaaʔaa 
naʔuuƛaʔic 
quʔaac̉ihis 
ʕimtšiƛ part 
ʕimtšiƛ part 
the words go 
the words go 
naaʔuuƛeʔic 
ħaaƛħaayaqsuuɬ 
ħaaƛħaayaqsuuhuɬ 
||. 

"You will join in eating a person. You will join in ravenous eating."

1.761
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
kʷiisuw̉atšiʔaƛ 
kʷiisuw̉atšiƛ 
go across 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
go across 
. 

And then there is another verse.

1.762
|| 
naaʔuuƛaʔic 
ħisħiisaqsuuhuɬ 
naaʔuuƛaʔiihiic 
ħisħiisaqsuhuɬ 
||. 

"You will join in eating with blood flowing from the mouth."
cf. R & S no. 75 (vii F 36a). Exorcising song for wolf ritual, sung by Thluutisim Tsishaa. Third four rounds (see 73 and 74). The exorcists used to chew dog meat. They cut tongue to make blood (did not use bladder containing blood). If blood does not run, the exorcist is ashamed: it indicates that he has eaten something to keep blood from flowing and will not live long.

1.763
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
nasqšiʔaƛƛaa 
nasqšiƛ 
beat time 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they start beating time 
čiiččiičaƛuk 
čiiččiiča 
drumming with one beat rest 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
they were drumming in three counts 
nasqỷak 
nasqỷakʷ 
beating stick 
beating sticks 
hawiiʔaƛquu 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
after they finished 
ʕimtʕimta 
ʕimtʕimta 
singing words 
singing the words 
. 

They start beating again in a triple beat after singing the words.

1.764
huʔaasʔaƛƛaa 
huʔaas 
once again 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they did once again 
huɬhuɬipiƛ 
huɬhuɬa 
dancing 
-‘ipiƛ 
in the house 
dancing 
ʔiiʔiinaxiʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔiinaxi 
dress up 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were dressed up 
. 

The ones who were dressed up start dancing about.
pg. 80 begins here

1.765
|| 
naaʔaawuwaaʔaaa 
naaʔaawuuwaaʔaa 
naaʔuuƛaʔiic 
quuʔaac̉ihiis 
naaʔaawuwaaʔaa 
naaʔaawuwaaʔii 
naaʔuuƛaʔiic 
quuʔaac̉ihiis 
pbbbb 
||. 

1.766
mInterlinšiʔaƛƛaa 
mInterlinšiƛ 
turn around 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again turn around 
yaqmiiɬm̉inħʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
-miˑɬ 
move about inside 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were moving about the house 
. 

The ones who were moving around the house again turn about.

1.767
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
miɬšiʔaƛƛaa 
miɬšiƛ 
be the same 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they do so at the same time 
tuxmisinƛm̉inħ 
tuxmisanawiƛ 
jump up onto 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
the ones jumping up 
. 

Then they do at the same time, jumping up all together.

1.768
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
qʷayacʕaƛ̉aƛƛaa 
qʷayacʕaƛ 
sound of wolf howling 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they all give the wolf call 
. 

And they all give the wolf call, "Huuy".

1.769
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
waaʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they say again 
. 

And again they say, "Huuy huy huuy".

1.770
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
muup̉itšiʔaƛquuƛaa 
muup̉it 
four times 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
=ƛaa 
again 
they do four times again 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔuuʔiƛ 
ʔuuʔiƛ1 
go for 
taking up 
nuukʔii 
nuuk 
song 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the song 
hawiiƛ̉asʔaƛquu 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they are going to stop doing 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

They take up this song four times when they are about to finish.

1.771
kʷisiɬaƛ 
kʷisiɬa 
change 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they now do differently 
yaqmiiɬm̉inħʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
-miˑɬ 
move about inside 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were moving about the house 
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not 
qʷis 
qʷis 
do thus 
do thus 
qʷaaʔamitʔitq 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
do thus before 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
hawiiʔaƛquu 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they finished 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
huy 
hu(u)y 
huy! 
huy 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
wiinapuƛsimtqaʔaaɬa 
wiinapawiƛ 
stop 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
they had only stopped always 
. 

The ones moving about the house now finish differently from before when they said, "Huuy huy huuy", for they had simply stopped each time.

1.772
ʔeʔimqħʔaƛ 
ʔeʔim 
as soon as 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
as soon as they do 
hawiiƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
they finished 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
huy 
hu(u)y 
huy! 
huy 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
waa 
waa 
say 
saying 
hisšiʔaƛ 
hisšiƛ 
strike 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started beating 
kuxminʔakʔi 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their rattles 
. 

Now as soon as they have said, "Huuy huy huuy", they strike their rattles.

1.773
hiismaɬapup̉aƛ 
hiismaɬapup 
beat in the air 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they begin beating in the air 
qʷiqʷiʔuqpaɬap̉aƛ 
qʷiqʷiyuqpaɬap 
beat drum unevenly 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they beat unevenly now 
hisšiʔaƛ 
hisšiƛ 
strike 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started beating 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

The many people begin beating unevenly.
pg. 81 begins here

1.774
ʔašχkʷaʔap̉aƛ 
ʔašχkʷaʔap 
do wildly 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did wildly 
hisšiʔaƛ 
hisšiƛ 
strike 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
striking 
. 

They strike about wildly.

1.775
ʔuʔiiʔaƛ 
ʔuʔii 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they keep going 
qʷiiʔakʔitq 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
with their whole strength 
hiisiisa 
hiisiisa 
strike repeatedly 
strike repeatedly 
. 

They hit repeatedly with all their strength.

1.776
ʔuucʔuksupt̉aaɬʔaƛ 
ʔuucʔuksupt̉aaɬ 
compete in 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were competing in 
yaqwiiʔaaqƛii 
yaqwii 
first 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
who would be first 
sitkʷaỷap 
sitkʷaỷap 
split up 
splitting up 
nasqỷakukʔi 
nasqỷakʷ 
beating stick 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his stick 
. 

Each competes to be the first to split his beating stick to pieces.

1.777
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they go 
yaqmiiɬm̉inħʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
-miˑɬ 
move about inside 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were moving about the house 
ʔeeʔiiħtaqaƛ 
ʔeeʔiiħtaqa 
take big, slow steps 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
taking big steps 
kaačkaača 
kaačkaača 
take long strides 
take long strides 
. 

The ones moving about the house go along with long strides.

1.778
muup̉inqsaqiɬʔaƛƛaa 
muu 
four 
-p̉inq 
... times around 
-saˑp 
PRF.CAUS 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again go around four times 
. 

They again go around four times.

1.779
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
kiicmaɬapuʔaƛ 
kiicmaɬapawiƛ 
wave s.t. in the air 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they wave theirs in the air 
kuxminʔakʔi 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their rattles 
. 

Then they wave their rattles in the air.

1.780
wikʕaƛšiʔaƛ̉ič 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
be silent 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑč2 
2p>3.IMP 
you all keep quiet 
waaqħʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they should stop 
hiisiiseʔi 
hiisiisa 
strike repeatedly 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
strike repeatedly 
. 

"Now you people keep quiet", they say meaning, "Stop the beating of the drums."

1.781
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
k̉ʷixʕaƛ̉aƛ 
k̉ʷixʕaƛ 
make a sucking sound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they make a sucking sound 
č̉uučkʕaƛ̉aƛ 
č̉uučk 
all 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all making the sound 
qʷam̉iiɬʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all in house would do 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
. 

Then all the men and women make a sucking sound.

1.782
ħaa 
ħaa 
DET 
DET 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
. 

They say, "Haa haap hap hap".

1.783
ħaababababa 
ħaabababa 
wawaaʔaƛ 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
ʔuuš 
ʔuuš 
some 
some 
. 

Some say, "Haababababa haabababa".

1.784
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hisšiʔaƛƛaa 
hisšiƛ 
strike 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they strike 
nasqỷakukʔi 
nasqỷakʷ 
beating stick 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
with their sticks 
. 

They strike with their sticks again.

1.785
ħap̉itšiƛ 
ħap̉itšiƛ 
do a complete cycle 
they do a complete cycle 
qʷis 
qʷis 
do thus 
do thus 
muu 
muu 
four 
four 
ʕaa 
ʕaa 
'aa 
'aa 
waa 
waa 
say 
they say 
. 

The full four times they say, "Aa".

1.786
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
wikʕaƛšiʔaƛ 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
be silent 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they become silent 
sač̉iyaʔataƛ 
saač̉a 
unceasingly 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
doing unceasingly 
. 

Then they remain quiet for some time.
pg. 82 begins below

1.787
hiɬaačišt̉aƛ 
hiɬaačišt 
on the sea 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they are on the sea 
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
č̉an̉iiʔaƛ 
č̉an̉iˑ 
not see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they couldn't see 
wiiwiiktaqyuʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
wiktaqyu 
uninitiated 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the uninitiated 
yayaaqʷimc̉aƛ̉atʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-imc̉u 
entertain [R] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
to whom they were being exhibited to 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
qʷaqʷaa 
DUP- 
SUF 
qʷaa 
thus 
doing thus 
. 

The novices were out there on the water and did not see it.

1.788
hayaaʔak̉aƛ 
hayaaʔakʷ 
not know 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not know 
qʷiiʕinwuusi 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ˀin3 
sound of [R] 
-(w)uusi 
3.Rel.Dub 
what the sound might be 
naasqʕinʔi 
naasqʕin 
sound of drum beating 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
sound of drum beating 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
huupkʷist̉asʔapquu 
huupkʷist̉as 
rise up from the ground 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
as though it was lifting up from the ground 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
. 

They do not know what is giving the sound of beating sticks as though lifting the house up from the ground.

1.789
ƛaħʔaƛita 
ƛaħʷ 
recently 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)it 
former 
-a 
ABS? 
recently now, they have done 
ʔaaƛuučiiɬšiʔaƛ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-ičiiɬ 
INC.IT [L] 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they have started having two of them together 
nuyaawa 
nuyaawa 
song leader 
song leaders 
č̉iiħwasʔap̉aƛquu 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
exorcise 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they exorcise ghosts 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

Recently there have been two song leaders for chasing out ghosts.

1.790
c̉aawuumitaʔaaɬa 
c̉aawuu 
alone 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
there always used to be one along 
nuyaawa 
nuyaawa 
song leader 
song leader 
yaqitii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(m)it 
former 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
the one who was 
yaap̉inat 
yaap̉inat 
William 
William 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
name 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔanimtqa 
ʔana 
only 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
only he did so 
huħtak 
huħtakʷ 
know how 
know how 
nuunuuk̉ʷaɬuk 
nuunuuk̉ʷaɬuk 
song leader 
be a song leader 
. 

The man called William alone used to lead the singing, for only he knew how to conduct the songs.

1.791
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛitaħ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-(m)it 
former 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
and then I did 
ʔuħiiỷap̉aƛ̉at 
ʔuħiiỷap 
choose 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
was chosen 
ʔuunuuʔaƛ̉atsi 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
because I did 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
1s.SUB 
huħtak 
huħtakʷ 
know how 
know how 
nuunuuk̉ʷaɬuk 
nuunuuk̉ʷaɬuk 
song leader 
song leader 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
1s.SUB 
ʔiiħitqasƛaa 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-ʔiˑtqas 
1s.REL 
=ƛaa 
=again 
also I had strong 
ħasaqsuɬ 
ħasaqsuɬ 
loud voice 
loud voice 
. 

Then I was chosen because I also knew the songs and had a strong voice.

1.792
wikiicma 
wik 
not 
-iic 
belong to 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
no one owns 
tupaati 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
ceremonial privilege 
nuyaawa 
nuyaawa 
song leader 
song leader 
č̉iiħwasčiʔaɬʔap 
č̉iiħwas 
exorcise 
-či1 
along with 
-ʔaɬ2 
aware of 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
to lead the exorcising songs 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
. 

No one owns the tupaati to lead the exorcising songs here in the Tsishaa Tribe.

1.793
ʔinštisʔap̉at 
ʔinštis 
no matter 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they let anyone do so 
yaqʔiitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who 
huħtak 
huħtakʷ 
know how 
knows how 
nuyaawa 
nuyaawa 
song leader 
song leader 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ħasaqsuɬʔiƛaa 
ħasaqsuɬ 
loud voice 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
=ƛaa 
again 
also having a stong voice 
. 

They let anyone do it who knows how to lead the songs and who has a strong voice.
pg. 83 begins here

1.794
ƛaħʔap̉aƛ̉aanitin 
ƛaħʷ 
recently 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
recently they had us do so 
ʔaaƛuučiiɬsap̉aƛ̉at 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-ičiiɬ 
INC.IT [L] 
-sap 
GRD.CAUS [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
two of us would do so together 
ʔuuʔuuwičiiɬsap̉aƛ̉atsi 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔu 
REF 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-ičiiɬ 
INC.IT [L] 
-sap 
GRD.CAUS [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
causing me to do together with him 
t̉at̉aỷuuʔas 
t̉at̉aỷuuʔas 
Ambush-Trail 
Ambush-Trail 
. 

Recently they had two of us doing it together, myself along with Ambush-Trail.

1.795
ħap̉itšiʔaƛ 
ħap̉itšiƛ 
do a complete cycle 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they do a complete cycle 
muup̉it 
muup̉it 
four times 
four times 
hiisiisa 
hiisiisa 
strike repeatedly 
striking repeatedly 
hihispaɬa 
hihispaɬa 
beat without keeping time 
beating without keeping time 
. 

They complete the four repetitions of beating wildly without keeping time.

1.796
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ƛawiičiʔaƛ 
ƛawiičiƛ 
approach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they approached 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ʔiiʔiinaxiʔi 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔiinaxi 
dress up 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were dressed up 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
refer to 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉inm̉inħitʔi 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉in 
Wolf Ritual initiate 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who were Wolf Ritual initiates 
. 

Then the ones dressed up approached the wolf captives.

1.797
wikʕaƛsap̉aƛ 
wikʕaƛsap 
silence s.o. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they silence them 
kiikeeʔi 
kiikaa 
whistling 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the whistling 
ħiin̉a 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
quartzes 
. 

They silence the whistling quartzes.

1.798
sukʷiƛqatħʔaƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they pretend to grab them 
. 

They pretend to grab them.

1.799
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hiniicsuʔaƛ̉at 
hiniicsawiƛ 
take along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they take them along 
ʔiiʔiinaxiʔi 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔiinaxi 
dress up 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were dressed up 
. 

The one dressed up are seized.

1.800
hihihišcitsw̉anuʔaƛ̉at 
DUP- 
PL 
DUP- 
SUF 
hiš 
both 
-cit 
on...side 
-sw̉inawiƛ 
at the armpit(s) [RL] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they grabbed them on both sides under the armpits 
hiniiswiiʔasʔaƛ̉at 
hiniiswiiʔas 
take along outside 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
taking them outside 
. 

They grab them from both sides under the armpits and take them outside.

1.801
ʔuħiičiʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-iičiƛ 
INC 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they then got to be 
hitac̉uqʷa 
hitac̉uqʷa 
have in the mouth 
have in the mouth 
kiikỷakm̉inħʔi 
kiikỷakʷ 
mouth whistle 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their whistles 
. 

They now got to have whistles in their mouths.

1.802
ʔuħiičiʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-iičiƛ 
INC 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they are the ones 
kiikaa 
kiikaa 
whistling 
whistling 
. 

It is they who start whistling.

1.803
wikʕaƛšiʔaƛ 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
be silent 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they became silent 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉inm̉inħitʔi 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉in 
Wolf Ritual initiate 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who were Wolf Ritual initiates 
. 

The wolf captives are now silent.

1.804
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they go outside 
kiikaaqčikm̉inħʔaƛ 
kiikaa 
whistling 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they go along whistling 
. 

They go outside whistling as they go.

1.805
ħiimapim̉inħʔaƛ 
ħiimapi 
hold up to view 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they hold up to view 
ħiin̉a 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
quartzes 
č̉uučk̉aƛ 
č̉uučk 
all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all of them now 
hišcuʕas 
hišcuʕas 
carry in both hands 
carrying in both hands 
ħiin̉a 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
quartzes 
. 

All hold up the quartzes to view, carrying them in both hands.

1.806
c̉iiʕakƛimnak̉aƛ 
c̉iiʕakƛimnakʷ 
have trailing chanters 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they have trailing chanters 
. 

They have trailing chanters.

1.807
ʔayaaƛ 
ʔaya 
many 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
many do so 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
nunuukʷiỷaɬ 
nunuukʷiỷaɬ 
follow behind singing 
follow behind singing 
c̉iiʕakƛim 
c̉iiʕakƛim 
trailing chanter 
trailing chanters 
. 

Many women follow behind as trailing chanters.
pg. 84 begins here

1.808
hitinqsaʔaƛ 
hitinqsaƛ 
go down to beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went down to the beach 
timqšiƛ 
timqšiƛ 
wade in 
wading into 
č̉aʔakʔi 
č̉aʔakʷ 
water 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the water 
. 

They go down to the beach and wade into the water.

1.809
hinʔatap̉aƛ 
hinʔatap 
put under water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they would put theirs under water 
ħiin̉aakʔi 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their quartzes 
čaaqʔatap̉aƛ 
čaqʔatap 
push down 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
pushing down 
hinusapƛaa 
hinusap1 
bring up out of the water 
=ƛaa 
again 
again bringing up out of the water 
. 

They shove their quartzes under water and then take them out.

1.810
hiinapupƛaa 
hiinapup1 
raise up 
=ƛaa 
again 
they raise them up 
ħimčiƛ 
ħimčiƛ 
show 
showing 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔiʕaqƛn̉ukqa 
ʔiqħ 
still 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they still have in their hands 
ħiin̉eʔi 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the quartz 
. 

They raise them up and show that they still have the quartzes in their hands.

1.811
ʔiqsiɬapƛaa 
ʔiqsiɬap 
do the same 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again did the same 
hinʔatap 
hinʔatap 
put under water 
put under water 
ħiin̉aakʔi 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their quartzes 
. 

Again they put the quartzes under water.

1.812
qačc̉ap̉itšiƛ 
qacc̉a 
three 
-p̉it3 
... times 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
they do three times 
hinʔatap 
hinʔatap 
put under water 
put under water 
qačc̉ap̉itšiƛƛaa 
qacc̉a 
three 
-p̉it3 
... times 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
=ƛaa 
again 
and three times they do 
ʔič̉aỷap 
ʔič̉aʔap 
lift up 
they lift them up 
. 

They put them underwater three times and three times they lift them up.

1.813
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛƛaa 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
=ƛaa 
again 
and then again 
hinʔatap̉aƛƛaa 
hinʔatap 
put under water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they put them underwater 
. 

And then again they put them under the water.

1.814
muup̉itšiƛʔaaqƛ̉aƛ 
muup̉it 
four times 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it is the fourth time now 
. 

It will be the fourth time now.

1.815
c̉iiqaaʔaƛ 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they keep chanting 
c̉iiʕakƛimm̉inħʔi 
c̉iiʕakƛim 
trailing chanter 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the trailing chanters 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
hiihiɬač̉asħʔaƛ 
hiihiɬač̉as 
bank 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
while they are on the bank 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
. 

The women trailing chanters keep chanting on the bank.

1.816
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔič̉aỷap̉aƛƛaa 
ʔič̉aʔap 
lift up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they lift them up again 
matsaap̉aƛ 
matsaap 
let fly 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
letting them fly away 
. 

Again they lift the quartzes up and let them fly away.

1.817
matsaapqatħʔaƛ 
matsaap 
let fly 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they pretend to let them fly away 
ʔatquu 
ʔat 
even if 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even though 
wik̉aqƛn̉ukħʔaƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they have nothing in their hands 
ʔič̉aỷap 
ʔič̉aʔap 
lift up 
they raise them 
n̉aacsasaqħʔaƛ̉at 
n̉aacsa 
see 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
so they can be seen 
. 

They pretend to let them fly, but they actually have nothing in their hands when they lift them up to view.

1.818
ʔanuʔaɬʔat 
ʔanuʔaɬ 
become aware of 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they only notice 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
wik̉aqƛn̉ukqa 
wik 
not 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
there is nothing in their hands 
. 

The only notice that there is nothing in their hands.

1.819
matsaap̉aƛ 
matsaap 
let fly 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they let them fly 
miɬšiƛ 
miɬšiƛ 
be the same 
at the same time 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
be silent 
they are silent 
kiikaamitʔi 
kiikaa 
whistling 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were whistling 
qʷiyiʔitq 
qʷiyii 
when 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when 
matšiʔaƛ 
matšiƛ 
fly off 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they fly off 
ħiin̉eʔi 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the quartzes 
. 

They let them fly and the whistling stops when the quartzes fly off.

1.820
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
it is as though 
c̉uxħtačiƛquu 
c̉uxħtačiƛ 
cut off 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they were cut off 
. 

It is as though they were cut off.
pg. 85 begins here

1.821
wik̉ap̉at 
wik 
not 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they do not do wait 
qii 
qii 
long time 
for a long time 
ɬačiƛckʷaƛʔitq 
ɬačiƛ 
give up 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
after having released them 
. 

There is no long wait after they have released (the quartzes).

1.822
ƛaħtiip̉aƛ̉at 
ƛaħtiip 
as soon as 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
as soon as they do 
wiħčisaʔaƛʔitq 
wiħčisaƛ 
be on dry land 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when they are on dry land 
huʔusčisw̉it̉asʔaƛʔitq 
huʔusčis 
go back up the bank 
-w̉it̉as1 
about to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
they are about to go back up the bank 
huħšiʔaƛ 
huħšiƛ 
howl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they howled 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
hitaaqƛ̉asʔi 
hitaaqƛ̉as 
woods 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the woods 
. 

As soon as they get back on land and are about to go back up the bank, the wolves howl in the woods.

1.823
n̉upqimɬʕaƛ 
n̉up 
one 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
they make a single sound 
čaani 
čaani 
at first 
first 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
huħšiʔaƛ 
huħšiƛ 
howl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they howled 
ʔayaʕaƛ̉aƛ 
ʔaya 
many 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
many did together 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

First there is a single howl and then the many wolves howled.

1.824
suupaaƛma 
suupi 
catch in mid-air 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
they caught them in the air 
ħiin̉aakʔi 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their quartzes 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

"They have caught their quartzes", the people say.

1.825
huuʔiiʔiƛaa 
huʔiiʔiƛ 
return 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they take them back 
win̉aaħukʷikeʔicƛaa 
wi 
poor 
-n̉aˑħ 
seek 
-uk 
IMPF 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
=ƛaa 
again 
yours will not look thoroughly for them again 
ħaw̉iiħʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chiefs 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
ħiin̉aakʔitqak 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
your quartzes 
wawaaɬyak 
wawaaɬyu 
be saying (pl.) 
-ˀak 
POSS 
theirs were saying 
quqʷaasʔi 
quuʔas 
person.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the people 
. 

"Take them back, your quartzes will not seek out the noble children,' their people said.

1.826
n̉aacsaaƛ 
n̉aacsa 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they watch now 
ʔaƛaqħ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
two 
ħiin̉eʔi 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the quartz 
n̉ačiics 
n̉ačiics 
watch where s.t. goes 
watch were it is going 
. 

Two people watch where the quartzes are going.

1.827
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
if 
if 
ʔaƛaqħšiƛ̉asʔaƛquu 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when two are going to do 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
ʔucačiƛma 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
they go  
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
hiisimɬc̉inƛma 
hisimɬ 
go about 
-c̉inawiƛ1 
inside container 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
they go about inside there 
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
maħt̉iiʔakʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his house 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he said now 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
ƛaʔuu 
ƛaʔuˑ 
other 
other 
yaqw̉it̉asiičƛaa 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
-yiič 
3.INDF.REL 
=ƛaa 
also 
the one who was going to do also 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

If two are going to give a Wolf Ritual (in the same year), the chief says, "they went to him and are circling around his house".

1.828
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he says 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔiiqħuk 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
telling  
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
n̉ačiisqatħʔi 
n̉ačiisqatħ 
pretend to see 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who pretends to have seen it 
. 

The one who pretends to have seen it says that.
pg. 86 begins above

1.829
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
huʔiiʔiʔaƛƛaa 
huʔiiʔiƛ 
re-enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they went back into the house again 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
t̉iqpiʔaƛƛaa 
t̉iqpiƛ 
sit on floor 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
sitting on the floor 
. 

They went inside the house again and sat down.

1.830
wiwiikmaɬapuʔaƛ 
wiwiikmaɬapawiƛ 
be moving about 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
no one was going about 
. 

No one was going about.

1.831
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then did 
ciqsaap̉aƛ 
ciqsaap 
have s.o. speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
had him speak 
qʷiƛ̉iinim 
qʷiƛ̉iinim 
Dick 
Old Dick 
. 

Then I had Dick speak.

1.832
wee 
wee2 
wa! 
wa! 
muun̉akin 
muun̉akin 
Watty Shewish 
Watty Shewish 
ɬaakšiʔisɔɔ 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
-ee 
VOC 
please do! 
hinaaseeƛ 
hinasiƛ 
reach 
-ee 
VOC 
take it up 
hiniis 
hiniis 
take along 
take along 
nanaʔee 
neʔiiqsu 
uncle 
uncles 
ỷuỷukʷee 
DUP- 
PL 
ỷukʷiiqsu 
younger sibling 
-ee 
VOC 
younger brothers 
. 

"Now, Watty Shewish, please get on for me, take along your uncles and your younger brothers."
33) muun̉akin - name of Watty Shewish at the time
34) hinaaiƛ - means in time of ƛuukʷaana to get ready for k̉ʷixaa.

1.833
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷaaqʷaam̉aqimɬa 
DUP- 
PL 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
it was thus much 
. 

That was (what he said).

1.834
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
yackʷiseemɬ 
yackʷiseemɬ 
Jimmie Santo 
Jimmie Santo 
ɬaakšiʔisɔɔ 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
-ee 
VOC 
please do! 
hinaasiƛ 
hinaasiƛ 
get on a tree 
get on  
hiniis 
hiniis 
take along 
take along 
naneʔi 
neʔiiqsu 
uncle 
uncles 
ỷuỷukʷi 
DUP- 
PL 
ỷukʷiiqsu 
younger sibling 
younger brothers 
. 

"Now, Jimmie Santo, please get on for me with your uncles and younger brothers."

1.835
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʕiʕičħta 
ʕiʕičħta 
Rotten-feet 
Peter Kiishkisha 
taayiiʔakitʔi 
taayii 
older brother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his late older brother  
ʔuukʷiɬitinƛaa 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
=ƛaa 
also 
we also did to him 
ɬaɬaak̉ʷin 
ɬaɬak̉ʷin 
plead 
pleading 
. 

We also begged the late elder brother of Peter Kiishkisha.

1.836
ʔiiwaanux 
ʔiiwaanux 
Iiwaanuh 
Iiwaanuh 
ʔukɬaamita 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-a 
ABS? 
he was named 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
. 

He was called Iiwaanuh at that time.

1.837
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
ħaaw̉iiỷaqšeeɬ 
ħaaw̉iiỷaqšiiɬ 
Always-makes-wealthy 
Mrs. Jackson 
ɬaakšiʔisɔɔ 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
-ee 
VOC 
please do! 
hinaaseeƛ 
hinasiƛ 
reach 
-ee 
VOC 
take it up 
hiniis 
hiniis 
take along 
take along 
naneʔi 
neʔiiqsu 
uncle 
uncles 
ỷuỷukʷi 
DUP- 
PL 
ỷukʷiiqsu 
younger sibling 
younger brothers 
. 

"Now, Mrs. Jackson, please get on for me along with your uncles and younger brothers.

1.838
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
ħiimaɬn̉ee 
ħiimaɬn̉i 
Billy Yuukum 
Billy Yuukum 
ɬaakšiʔisɔɔ 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
-ee 
VOC 
please do! 
hinaaseeƛ 
hinasiƛ 
reach 
-ee 
VOC 
take it up 
hiniis 
hiniis 
take along 
take along 
naneʔi 
neʔiiqsu 
uncle 
uncles 
ỷuỷukʷi 
DUP- 
PL 
ỷukʷiiqsu 
younger sibling 
younger brothers 
. 

Now, Billy Yuukum, please get on for me with your uncles and younger brothers.
pg. 87 begins here

1.839
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said now 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
kʷaacaapi 
kʷaacaapi 
Facing-back 
Captain Bill 
ħaakʷaaƛukʷitʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his late daughter 
huupač̉asʔaqsupỷukšiƛukʷitʔi 
huupač̉asʔaqsupỷukšiƛ 
be born of a Huupachas woman 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who was born of a Huupachas woman 
ɬaakšiʔisɔɔ 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
-ee 
VOC 
please do! 
hinaaseeƛ 
hinasiƛ 
reach 
-ee 
VOC 
take it up 
hiniis 
hiniis 
take along 
take along 
naneʔi 
neʔiiqsu 
uncle 
uncles 
ỷuỷukʷi 
DUP- 
PL 
ỷukʷiiqsu 
younger sibling 
younger brothers 
. 

They also said to the late daughter of Captain Bill, who was born of a Huupachas woman "please get on for me taking along your uncles and younger brothers.

1.840
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
ɬuutisim 
ɬuutasim 
Thluutasim 
Thluutisim 
ɬaakšiʔisɔɔ 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
-ee 
VOC 
please do! 
hinaaseeƛ 
hinasiƛ 
reach 
-ee 
VOC 
take it up 
hiniisʔi 
hiniis 
go along 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
bringing along 
naneʔi 
neʔiiqsu 
uncle 
uncles 
ỷuỷukʷi 
DUP- 
PL 
ỷukʷiiqsu 
younger sibling 
younger brothers 
. 

"Now Thunder-Beach-Thing, please get on form, bring along your uncles and younger brothers.

1.841
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
ħaqaʔɔɔƛ 
ħaqaʔuƛ 
Haka'utl 
-ee 
VOC 
Haka'utl 
ɬaakšiʔisɔɔ 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
-ee 
VOC 
please do! 
hinaasiƛ 
hinasiƛ 
reach 
take it up 
hiniisʔi 
hiniis 
go along 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
bringing along 
naneʔi 
neʔiiqsu 
uncle 
uncles 
ỷuỷukʷi 
DUP- 
PL 
ỷukʷiiqsu 
younger sibling 
younger brothers 
. 

Now, Haka'utl, please get on for me, bring along your uncles and younger brothers."

1.842
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
qʷaqʷam̉ačiɬitin 
qʷaqʷam̉ačiɬ 
name all 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we named that many 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔuʔatħʔi 
ʔuʔatħ 
live at 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
those living with 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛni 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
then we did 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
ʔucačiʔaƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going to 
. 

We named that many in the Tsishaa Tribe and then we went on to the Huupachas.

1.843
ʔuukʷiɬšiʔaƛni 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we started doing to them 
ɬaɬak̉ʷin 
ɬaɬak̉ʷin 
plead 
pleading 
. 

We started begging them.

1.844
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
k̉upaaʔeet 
k̉upaaʔat 
Tyee Bob 
Tyee Bob 
ɬaakšiʔisɔɔ 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
-ee 
VOC 
please do! 
hinaaseeƛ 
hinasiƛ 
reach 
-ee 
VOC 
take it up 
hiniisʔi 
hiniis 
go along 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
bringing along 
naneʔi 
neʔiiqsu 
uncle 
uncles 
ỷuỷukʷi 
DUP- 
PL 
ỷukʷiiqsu 
younger sibling 
younger brothers 
. 

"Now, Tyee Bob, please get on form, take along your uncles and younger brothers."

1.845
wiiktaqyimta 
wiktaqyu 
uninitiated 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
he was uninitiated 
kʷitčiinim 
kʷitčiinim 
Dan Watts 
Dan Watts 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
yaqʷinƛitin 
yaqʷaanaw̉iƛ 
it is for that reason 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
for that reason we did so 
wik 
wik 
not 
not 
ʔuʔuwiičiɬ 
ʔuʔuwiičiɬ 
name s.o. first 
name him first 
. 

Dan Watts was uninitiated, and therefore we did not name him first.
pg. 88 begins above

1.846
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
činii 
činii 
Jenny 
Old Jenny 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
kʷiyaactin 
kʷiyaactin 
Tommy Tutuutsh 
Tommy Tutuutsh 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
k̉ʷaasawin 
k̉ʷaasawin 
Big George 
Big George 
. 

Then Old Jenny, then Tommy Tutuutsh, then Big George.

1.847
hinaasiƛ 
hinaasiƛ 
get on a surface 
they should get on 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were told 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
. 

They were also asked to get on.

1.848
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
qʷaam̉ačiɬin 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we did to that many 
ɬaɬak̉ʷin 
ɬaɬak̉ʷin 
plead 
pleading 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
muu 
muu 
four 
four 
. 

We begged those four Huupachas people.

1.849
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔiinaxiičiʔaƛ 
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
get ready 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they got ready 
. 

Then they got ready.

1.850
sukʷiʔaƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they took 
k̉ʷaaɬuk 
k̉ʷaaɬuk 
rubbing branches 
rubbing branches 
qʷiƛ̉aqmapt 
qʷiƛ̉aqmapt 
Western hemlock 
Western Hemlock 
qʷaam̉ačiɬʔatʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all of those who had been 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinʔat 
ɬaɬak̉ʷin 
plead 
-ˀat 
PASS 
begged 
. 

All those we had begged put on hemlock branches.

1.851
sukʷiʔaƛ̉i 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
take now! 
k̉ʷaaɬuk 
k̉ʷaaɬuk 
rubbing branches 
rubbing branches 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
qaaqɬaatikuk 
qaaqɬaatik 
junior 
-uk 
POSS 
their junior 
naneʔiqsakʔi 
neʔiiqsu 
uncle.pl 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
uncles 
yaayaaqʷiɬʔatʔitq 
DUP- 
PL 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
those who had been done to 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinm̉inħʔat 
ɬaɬak̉ʷin 
plead 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
pleaded with 
. 

"Take branches", their junior uncles told the ones who had been pleaded with.

1.852
c̉iʔisšiʔaƛ 
c̉iʔisšiƛ 
braid 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they braided 
k̉ʷaaɬukʔi 
k̉ʷaaɬuk 
branch 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the branches 
qʷiƛ̉aqmapt 
qʷiƛ̉aqmapt 
Western hemlock 
Western Hemlock 
ʔuuʔatup̉aƛ 
ʔuuʔatup 
do for a purpose 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
for 
k̉ʷaaɬiicim 
k̉ʷaaɬiicim 
head ring 
head wreaths 
qʷiiwiic̉aaħi 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-(w)iic 
around the head [L] 
-ˀaaħi 
3.PRP.REL 
which they would have around the head 
k̉ʷaaɬiic 
k̉ʷaaɬiic 
branches around head 
branches around the head 
. 

They braided the hemlock branches into head wreaths.

1.853
ỷaaqp̉iqan̉uɬʔaƛ 
ỷaˑq 
long 
-p̉iq 
do in passing 
-aˑn̉uɬ 
along ... [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they stick out long in places 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
k̉ʷaaɬw̉animw̉it̉asʔi 
k̉ʷaaɬw̉anim 
branches around the waist 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones going to be waist branches 
. 

The waist branches stick out long in places.
pg. 89 begins below

1.854
č̉apiinuʔaƛ 
č̉apiinawiƛ 
mix with water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they mixed with water now 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
qʷaħmisʔi 
qʷaħmis 
red paint 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
red paint 
yaqʷituƛm̉inħʔaaqƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(č,kʷ)ituƛ 
on the body 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
which would be put on their bodies 
k̉ʷixaaw̉it̉asʔi 
k̉ʷixaaw̉it̉as 
going to suck-dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones going to do the suck danc 
. 

They also mixed red paint in water to be daubed on the bodies of the ones going to do the suck dance.

1.855
k̉ʷaaɬqiinuʔaƛ 
k̉ʷaaɬqiinawiƛ 
put branches on the head 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they put branches on their heads 
humaqƛ 
humaqƛ 
all together 
all 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
young men 
quqʷaas 
quuʔas 
person.pl 
people 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛck̉inm̉inħʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
-ck̉in 
COMPAR 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were more or less young men 
ʔiiqħii 
ʔiiqħii 
still 
still 
. 

All the young men and those who were still more or less young placed branches on their heads.

1.856
ciqšiʔaƛƛaa 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they spoke again 
c̉awaakqħ 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
one was 
ʕacaasʔaƛeʔic 
ʕacaas 
stiff 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you are stiff 
k̉ʷixʕaƛ̉aƛ̉i 
k̉ʷixʕaƛ 
make a sucking sound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
now make sucking sounds! 
čaani 
čaani 
for a while 
for a while 
. 

Someone now said, "You have been stiff too long, now make sucking sounds for a while".

1.857
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
ču 
čuu1 
well! 
well! 
ʕaa 
ʕaa 
'aa 
'aa 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
k̉ʷixʕaƛ 
k̉ʷixʕaƛ 
make a sucking sound 
make sucking sound 
ħaačatuu 
ħačat 
all 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
all together 
. 

"Chuu chu chu aa haap haap haap haap hap hap hap", they said, making sucking sounds all together.

1.858
t̉iickapinakšiʔaƛ 
t̉iickapinakšiƛ 
beat a drum 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
someone starts beating the drum 
. 

Someone started beating a drum.

1.859
c̉iiqaaʔaƛ 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were chanting 
ɬuucsaamiiħʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the women 
ʔinxaaʔaƛquu 
ʔiinaxi 
get ready 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
as they were getting ready 
k̉ʷixaaw̉it̉as 
k̉ʷixaaw̉it̉as 
going to suck-dance 
go to do the suck-dance 
ʔaniyaqa 
ʔana 
only 
-(y)iya 
at ... time 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
when they are about to do 
wiikʕaƛp̉ičħ 
wikʕaƛ 
be silent 
-p̉ičħ 
do while ...-ing [L] 
being silent while doing 
č̉iiħwasʔap̉aƛquu 
č̉iiħwasʔap 
exorcise 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
exorcising ghosts 
. 

The women chanted as they were getting ready to do the suck dance, for they are silent only while they are driving out ghosts.

1.860
qʷaħituʔaƛ 
qʷaħituƛ 
paint the body red 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they painted their bodies red 
ħan̉aħiičiʔaƛquu 
ħan̉aħiičiƛ 
all get ready 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they are all ready 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
č̉uučqii 
č̉učqii 
topknot 
topknots 
k̉ʷaaɬukʔi 
k̉ʷaaɬuk 
branch 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the branches 
. 

They daubed their bodies with red paint when they were all ready; boughs were tied in a knot on the head.
pg. 90 begins below

1.861
čuuƛaa 
čuu1 
well! 
=ƛaa 
again 
now again 
ʕacaasʔaƛeʔic 
ʕacaas 
stiff 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you are stiff now 
waanak̉aƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-naˑkʷ 
COMPL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again said 
. 

"Now again, you have been stiff", someone says again.

1.862
ʕaa 
ʕaa 
'aa 
'aa 
+ 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
bababababababa 
waaʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they said again 
č̉uučkuu 
č̉uučk 
all 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
all together 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ʔuʔum̉acsk̉aƛ 
ʔuʔum̉acskʷ 
from time to time 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
at intervals 
qʷiiʕin 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ˀin3 
sound of [R] 
making sounds 
k̉ʷiixʕin 
k̉ʷiixʕin 
sucking sound 
sucking sound 
. 

"Aahaap haap hap haap bababa babababa," all the people utter sucking sounds at intervals.

1.863
ɬicsapipiʔaƛ 
ɬiicapipiƛ 
get behind a screen 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they get behind a screen 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
meʔiƛqacʔi 
meʔiƛqac 
boy 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the boys 
wikỷuuʔi 
wikỷuu 
not yet 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who are not yet 
ʔiiqħii 
ʔiiqħii 
still 
still 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛšiƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛšiƛ 
become a young man 
become young men 
. 

The young men get behind a screen but not the boys who had not yet become young men.

1.864
ʔaanasaƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-[L] 
L 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was only them 
ɬicsapipiƛ 
ɬiicapipiƛ 
get behind a screen 
they get behind a screen 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ħaw̉iiħaaƛ̉aƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were now young men 
. 

Only the grown up ones get behind the screen.

1.865
ƛuukʷaaniičiʔaƛ 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they then perform the Wolf Ritual 
. 

They become members of the Wolf Ritual.

1.866
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it is 
yayaqʷaqħʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what it means 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
wawaa 
wawaa 
say 
saying 
. 

They tell them what the Wolf Ritual means.

1.867
qʷisʔaƛ 
qʷis 
do thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they do thus 
waaqħukʔitq 
waa 
say 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-uk 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
they are telling them of 
ħiisħiisaqsuɬ 
ħiisħiisaqsuɬ 
bleed from the mouth 
bleed from the mouth 
wawaa 
wawaa 
say 
saying 
ʕimtʕimta 
ʕimtʕimta 
singing words 
singing the words 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
. 

They tell them the meaning of blood flowing from the mouth, in the song.

1.868
hayimħičiʔaƛ 
hayimħičiƛ 
become confused 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they become confused 
ƛuukʷaanasaqħ 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual member 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
even though being Wolf Ritual members 
qʷaam̉uweʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all those doing together 
č̉ičiʔaƛ 
č̉ičiƛ 
cut 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
cutting 
čimciiɬʔatʔi 
čimciiɬ 
right side 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the right side of theirs 
č̉up̉atʔi 
č̉up 
tongue 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their tongues 
. 

They become confused though they are Wolf Ritual members, all who cut the right side of their tongues.

1.869
č̉an̉iʕinʔaƛ 
č̉an̉iˑ 
not see 
-ˀin4 
treated as 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
no one sees them 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ɬiħsapiɬʔaƛqa 
ɬiħsapiɬ 
mat screen 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that they are behind a screen 
. 

No one sees it since they are behind a screen.

1.870
ƛuukʷaaniičiʔaƛ 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they perform the Wolf Ritual 
. 

They perform the Wolf Ritual.
pg. 91 begins below

1.871
ʔukɬaaʔaƛ 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it is called 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
qʷaaʔap 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
they do thus 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
k̉ʷixaaw̉it̉asʔaƛquu 
k̉ʷixaaw̉it̉as 
going to suck-dance 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that they do the suck-dance 
č̉an̉iiʔap 
č̉an̉iiʔap 
not allow to see 
not allowing to see 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all of the ones who are 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
. 

It is called Wolf Ritual because it is said the wolves do that before they do the suck dance without letting all the wolves see it.

1.872
ʔaanuusa 
ʔana 
only 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-sasa 
only [L] 
they only do together 
n̉aacsa 
n̉aacsa 
see 
see it 
qʷaam̉uuw̉it̉asʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all those who are going to do together 
k̉ʷixaa 
k̉ʷixaa 
be sucking 
sucking 
č̉ičiʔaƛquu 
č̉ičiƛ 
cut 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they cut  
č̉upm̉inħʔatʔi 
č̉up 
tongue 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their tongues 
. 

Only those who are going to do the suck dance see them cut their tongues.

1.873
ʔinxaaʔaƛ 
ʔiinaxi 
get ready 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they get ready 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
saan̉akʔaaqƛʔi 
saan̉akʷ 
crawl dance 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who will do the crawl dance 
. 

Those who are to do the crawl dance also get ready.

1.874
ʔinxaaʔaƛ 
ʔiinaxi 
get ready 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they get ready 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ʕaɬmaquuħin̉akw̉it̉asʔi 
ʕaɬmaquuħin̉akʷ 
Cedar Bark Ogre dance 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who are going to do the Cedar Bark Ogre dance 
. 

Those who are to do the Cedar Bark Ogre dance also get ready.

1.875
ʔinxaaʔaƛ 
ʔiinaxi 
get ready 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they get ready 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ʕayaqin̉akw̉it̉asʔi 
ʕayaqin̉akʷ1 
Rotten-fish dance 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
those who are going to do the Rotten-fish dance 
. 

Likewise, those who are to do the Rotten-fish dance also get ready.

1.876
k̉ʷaaɬiic̉aƛ 
k̉ʷaaɬiic 
branches around head 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they have cedar branches around their heads 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
k̉ʷaaɬw̉in 
k̉ʷaaɬw̉in 
branches around the waist 
branches around the waist 
ʕayaqin̉ak 
ʕayaqin̉akʷ1 
Rotten-fish dance 
Rotten-fish dance 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
name 
. 

The thing called Rotten-fish dance is done with boughs around the head and waist.

1.877
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
kiiɬnaqšiʔaƛ 
kiiɬnaqšiƛ 
shout 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they shouted 
ħaan̉aħiičiʔaƛquu 
ħan̉aħiičiƛ 
all get ready 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when all are getting ready 
ʔinxaa 
ʔiinaxi 
get ready 
they got ready 
. 

When they are ready, they shout a signal.

1.878
huuu 
huuu 
ho! 
hoo+! 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
c̉awaaʕaƛ 
c̉awaˑ 
one 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
one makes a sound 
čaani 
čaani 
at first 
first 
. 

First one person made the sound "Huu".

1.879
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ħaačatuuʔaƛ 
ħaačatuwa 
all together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all did together 
huu 
huu 
ho 
huu 
huu 
huu 
ho 
huu 
huu 
huu 
ho 
huu 
huu 
huu 
ho 
huu 
muup̉itʕaƛ 
muup̉it 
four times 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
calling four times 
. 

Then all together sound, "Huu huu huu huu", calling four times.

1.880
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʕaa 
ʕaa 
'aa 
'aa 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
. 

Then they say, "Aa".

1.881
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
pisatšiʔaƛ 
pisatšiƛ 
move around 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they start moving 
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going outside 
. 

Then they run outside.
pg. 92 begins below

1.882
suʔaɬʔaƛ̉at 
suʔaɬ 
hold onto 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they hold onto 
ħačatak 
ħačat 
all 
all 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
qʷaħitm̉inħ 
qʷaħ 
red 
-it1 
on the body 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
the ones with red on their bodies 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
young men 
. 

They hold on to all the young men, whose bodies are painted red.

1.883
ʔuuʔukʷaƛ̉atuk 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔukʷi 
at, on 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
they hold onto theirs 
k̉ʷaaɬqinuʔatʔi 
k̉ʷaaɬqiinawiƛ 
put branches on the head 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones with branches on their heads 
. 

The ones with branches on their heads hold on to their (head boughs).

1.884
ʔuušʔaƛ 
ʔuuš 
some 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
some are 
maqw̉in 
maqw̉in 
tie around the middle 
tied around the middle 
. 

Some are tied about the middle.

1.885
haɬaačyum̉inħʔaƛuk 
haɬaˑ 
pay 
-či2 
at 
-yuˑ 
...-ed 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
they have been paid already 
yaqyaaʕatʔitq 
DUP- 
PL 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who do so 
suʔaɬʔat 
suʔaɬ 
hold onto 
-ˀat 
PASS 
holding onto them 
k̉aħw̉aat 
k̉aħw̉aat 
half dollar 
half dollar 
ʔuuš 
ʔuuš 
some 
some 
n̉upqimɬuk 
n̉up 
one 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-uk 
POSS 
one 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chiefs 
. 

The ones who hold on to them have been paid in advance, some half a dollar and the chiefs, a dollar.

1.886
pukʷiʔaƛ 
pukʷiƛ 
run in group 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all run 
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going outside 
. 

They all run outside.

1.887
n̉aacsiičiʔaƛ 
n̉aacsiičiƛ 
start to see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they see 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
kʷaaxkʷaaxaqsuɬm̉inħ 
kʷaaxkʷaaxa 
be spraying 
-(ʔ)aqsuɬ 
at the mouth 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
the ones with it splashing out of their mouths 
caqiic 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
twenty 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
young men 
ħismis 
ħismis 
blood 
blood 
qʷaħitm̉inħ 
qʷaħ 
red 
-it1 
on the body 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
the ones with red on their bodies 
. 

The crowd now sees twenty young men with blood gushing from their mouths and their bodies daubed with red.

1.888
ħaabababababababa 
wawaa 
wawaa 
say 
they say 
ɬuuħwaħsuɬ 
ɬuuħwaħsuɬ 
flow out of 
flow out 
ħismis 
ħismis 
blood 
blood 
ɬuuħʕaʔatat 
ɬuuħʕaʔatu 
flow down 
-ˀat 
INAL 
flowing down their 
ʔamasħuɬ 
ʔamasħuɬ 
chest 
chests 
. 

"Haabababababa bababa", they say as blood flows from (their mouths) and down their chests.

1.889
ʔiiħʔaƛ 
ʔiiħʷ 
very 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was very much 
ʔuušmaqak 
ʔuušmaqakʷ 
terrible 
terrible 
ʔiiħʔaƛ 
ʔiiħʷ 
very 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were very much 
tuuħuk 
tuuħuk 
afraid 
afraid 
wiiwiiktaqyuʔi 
novice 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the uninitiated 
. 

It is very fearful and the uninitiated are very frightened.

1.890
hayaaʔak̉aƛ 
hayaaʔakʷ 
not know 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not know 
qʷaaqħii 
qʷaa 
thus 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
how they were thus 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
kʷaaxwaħsuɬʔi 
kʷaxwaħsuɬ 
spray out 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones with it spraying out  
ħismis 
ħismis 
blood 
blood 
. 

They do not understand the condition of those who are spraying blood out.

1.891
kakimtqšʔaƛ 
kakimtqš 
run at intervals 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they run at intervals now 
qʷaqʷaħitm̉inħʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
qʷaħit 
red on the body 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones with red on their bodies 
. 

The red-daubed young men run from time to time.
pg. 93 begins here

1.892
ɬaħɬaħšʔaƛ 
ɬaħɬaħš 
bend forward at intervals 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they bend their bodies forward now and then 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
k̉aššiʔaƛ 
k̉aššiƛ1 
bend backwards 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
bend backwards 
kʷayaqisʔaƛ 
kʷayaqis 
drop on backside on beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
then drop on their backsides on the beach 
. 

They bend forward now and then, then bend backwards, then drop on their backsides on the beach.

1.893
ʕaa 
ʕaa 
'aa 
'aa 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
bababababa 
waaqħʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
kʷayaqis 
kʷayaqis 
drop on backside on beach 
dropping on their backsides on the beach 
k̉aššiʔaƛ̉at 
k̉aššiƛ1 
bend backwards 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
bending theirs backwards 
kʷikʷinksum̉inħ 
kʷikʷinksu 
hand 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
hands 
. 

"Aa haap bababababa", they say as they drop on their backsides on the beach with their hands bent backwards.

1.894
qiiʔisck̉aana 
qii 
long time 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-ck̉in 
slightly 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
they do that for a little while 
qʷeʔis 
qʷaa 
thus 
-‘is 
on the beach 
thus on the beach 
ʔaħʔaaƛaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
=ƛaa 
again 
again that way 
huʔakʷisaƛƛaa 
huʔakʷis 
rise again 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they get up again 
kamitqšiƛ 
kamitqšiƛ 
run 
run 
. 

They stay like that for a short time, then again get up and run.

1.895
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛƛaa 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
=ƛaa 
again 
and then again 
k̉aššiʔaƛƛaa 
k̉aššiƛ1 
bend backwards 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they bend backwards 
kʷayaqisʔaƛƛaa 
kʷayaqis 
drop on backside on beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
sit on the beach again 
ʕaa 
ʕaa 
'aa 
'aa 
+ 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
bababababa 
waaqħʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
saying again 
. 

Then they bend backwards and sit as they say, "Aa haap bababababa".

1.896
ħatħaan̉aħqħʔaƛ 
ħan̉aħ 
naked.pl 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they are all naked 
qʷaħit̉aƛ 
qʷaħit 
red on the body 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
red on their bodies 
ʔaanaħaƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
only having 
k̉ʷaaɬw̉inm̉inħ 
k̉ʷaaɬw̉in 
branches around the waist 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
branches around the waist 
. 

They are all naked, daubed red on their bodies, and with only boughs round the waist.

1.897
ħayu 
ħayu 
ten 
ten 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
young men 
ɬačaaƛ̉inm̉inħ 
ɬačaaƛ̉in 
escape being captured 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
they were allowed to escape 
. 

Ten young men are allowed to escape.

1.898
susħtačiƛm̉inħ 
susħtačiƛ 
swim out to sea 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
they swim out  
ʔuukʷaỷiiħšiƛ 
ʔuukʷaỷiiħšiƛ 
look for 
looking for 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
those 
č̉amačištm̉inħʔi 
č̉am 
rounded vessel 
-ačišt 
on the sea 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones in canoes on the water 
wiiwiiktaqyum̉inħ 
DUP- 
PL 
wiktaqyu 
uninitiated 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
the novices 
. 

They swim out after the novices, who are in canoes.

1.899
hinaačiʔaƛ 
hinaačiƛ 
set off on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they set off on the water 
č̉aỷaapac 
č̉apac 
canoe.pl 
canoes 
muuc̉iqačiƛ 
muu 
four 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
-ˀaˑčiƛ 
go out to sea 
four going out to sea 
ʔeʔiiħsʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔiiħs1 
big vessel 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the big ones 
č̉aỷaapac 
č̉apac 
canoe.pl 
canoes 
. 

Then four big canoes set out to sea.

1.900
sukʷiƛ̉asʔaƛ̉at 
sukʷiƛ̉as 
go to get 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they go to get 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
susaačiƛm̉inħʔi 
susaačiƛ 
swim out to sea 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who swam out to sea 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
young men 
ħayu 
ħayu 
ten 
ten 
. 

They go to get the ten young men who swam out to sea.
pg. 94 begins below

1.901
ʔucačiƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
they go to 
čaani 
čaani 
at first 
first 
ʔam̉iiʔasʔaƛquu 
ʔam̉ii 
next day 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they first come out in the morning 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
hiisiiʔaaɬʔitq 
hiisiiʔaaɬ 
(sun)sets 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where the sun sets 
huupʔaaɬ 
huupʔaaɬ2 
sun sets 
sun sets 
hupaɬ 
hupaɬ 
sun 
sun 
. 

First they go toward where the sun sets in the water.

1.902
ħaciiỷiƛ 
ħaciiɬ 
go entire length 
-ˀiƛ 
invite [L] 
they go the entire length inviting 
qʷiiqʷiim̉aħinʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-m̉aˑ 
as far as 
-ħin1 
at the end [RL] 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one at the extreme end of 
maʔas 
maʔas 
house 
house 
. 

They go inviting the length of the village to the house at the extreme end.

1.903
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔuucaħtačiʔaƛ 
ʔucaħtačiƛ 
go toward 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they go toward 
hiisaakʷist̉uuɬʔitq 
hiisaakʷist̉uuɬ 
sun rises 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where the sun rises 
huupkʷist̉uuɬ 
huupkʷist̉uuɬ 
rise out of the rocks 
rise out of the rocks 
. 

Then they go toward where the sun rises out of the rocks.

1.904
ƛ̉isʔaaʔaqsawiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉isʔaaʔaqsawiƛ 
go towards the east 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they go towards the east 
ʔuucaħtačiʔaƛ 
ʔucaħtačiƛ 
go toward 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they go toward 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
suusšiƛ 
susšiƛ 
swim 
-[L] 
GRAD 
swimming 
. 

They swim toward the dawn (east).
35) ƛ̉isʔaaʔaqsuƛ - is to go in direction of east when the dawn of the morning starts.

1.905
numaakuk 
numaakʷ 
tabooed 
-uk 
POSS 
it has its taboo 
ʔucačiƛik 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
going toward 
hiisiiʔaaɬʔitq 
hiisiiʔaaɬ 
(sun)sets 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where the sun sets 
huupʔaaɬ 
huupʔaaɬ2 
sun sets 
sun sets 
hupaɬ 
hupaɬ 
sun 
sun 
. 

It is taboo for them to go toward where the sun goes down.

1.906
tiičmaʕiiqƛħ 
tiičmaʕiiqƛ 
want to live 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
wanting to live 
yaqʷinƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-aˑnaw̉iƛ 
because of ... 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
for that reason 
ʔucaħtačiƛ 
ʔucaħtačiƛ 
go toward 
they go toward 
susšiƛ 
susšiƛ 
swim 
swim 
hiisakʷist̉uuɬʔitq 
hiisaakʷist̉uuɬ 
sun rises 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where the sun rises 
hupaɬ 
hupaɬ 
sun 
sun 
. 

Since they want to live, they swim toward the sunrise.
36) the one who does not follow this way is liable to die because it is numaak to go contrary to it.

1.907
t̉iiqʷasusaʔaƛ 
t̉iiqʷasu 
sit in the water 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they sit in the water 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
wik 
wik 
not 
not 
susšiƛ 
susšiƛ 
swim 
swim 
. 

Then all of them sit in the water on the shore without swimming.

1.908
miɬtkħuusaʔaƛ 
miɬtk 
go in line 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-w̉isaˑ 
exit water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they are in a row in the water 
ʔaaʔaanaỷuučačišt̉aƛ 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔana 
only 
-ỷuuč 
extend out [L] 
-ačišt 
on the sea 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
only coming out of the water 
t̉uħc̉itim̉inħʔatʔi 
t̉uħc̉iti 
head 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their heads 
. 

They are in a row with only their heads above water.

1.909
kikimačišt̉aƛ 
DUP- 
PL 
kimačišt 
rest one's chin on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they rest their chins on the water 
č̉aʔakʔi 
č̉aʔakʷ 
water 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
water 
. 

They rested their chins on the water.

1.910
c̉ukʷiƛħʔaƛ 
c̉ukʷiƛ 
wash 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they wash at the same time 
hinaksuɬm̉inħʔatʔi 
hinaksuɬ 
mouth 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their mouths 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ʔamasħuɬm̉inħʔatʔi 
ʔamasħuɬ 
chest 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their chests 
qʷaqʷastukħʔaƛ 
DUP- 
SUF 
qʷaa 
thus 
-stukħ 
for ... reason [R] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it is for that reason 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
t̉iit̉iiqʷasuʔis 
DUP- 
PL 
t̉iiqʷasu 
sit in the water 
-‘is 
on the beach 
they sit in the water at the shore 
. 

At the same time they wash their lips and their chests; that is why they sit in the water near the shore.
pg. 95 begins here

1.911
qʷeʔisataƛ 
qʷaa 
thus 
-‘is 
on the beach 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they sit thus on the beach 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
ħiiqšiʔaƛ 
ħiiqšiƛ 
growl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they growl 
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
suuʔii 
suu 
hold 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were holding on 
. 

The ones who are holding on growl at them while they sit.

1.912
ʕħɔɔ 
ʕħɔɔ 
wawaaʔaƛ 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
ħaačatʕinʔaƛ 
DUP- 
SUF 
ħačat 
all 
-ˀin3 
sound of [R] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all making the sound together 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
suu 
suu 
hold 
holding 
. 

"Haw haw", all those who were holding say in unison.

1.913
ƛaaʔuukƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-uk 
IMPF 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they do so another 
ħiiqšiƛ 
ħiiqšiƛ 
growl 
growling 
. 

Again they growl.

1.914
ʕħɔɔ 
ʕħɔɔ 
waa 
waa 
say 
they say 
muup̉it 
muup̉it 
four times 
four times 
ħiiqšiƛ 
ħiiqšiƛ 
growl 
growling 
. 

They say, "Haw haw", four times while growling.

1.915
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they go 
hinusčisʔaƛ 
hinusčis 
up the beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
coming up the beach 
. 

Then they walk up the beach.

1.916
haa 
haa 
haa! 
def.art. 
bababababa 
haa 
haa 
haa! 
def.art. 
bababababa 
wawaaɬqčik̉aƛƛaa 
DUP- 
PL 
waaɬ 
say 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they say again while going along 
hinsčis 
hinusčis 
up the beach 
up the beach 
. 

"Haabababababa haabababababa", they say again while going along the beach.

1.917
čuupiqčik̉ap̉aƛ 
čuupiqčikʷ 
go along with bowed head 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they let them go along with bowed head 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
suum̉inħʔi 
suu 
hold 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones holding them 
. 

The ones holding them let them go along with bowed heads.

1.918
miɬtkħuuɬqčik̉aƛ 
miɬtkħawiɬ 
be abreast 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they go along abreast 
hinsčis 
hinusčis 
up the beach 
up the beach 
. 

They go along the beach in a line abreast.

1.919
hineeʔiƛ 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
they entered 
ħačatiiʔiƛ 
ħačatiiʔiƛ 
all enter house 
all enter house 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
. 

All go into the house.

1.920
hitasaʔaƛ 
hitasaʔaƛ 
come to shore 
they come to shore 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
those 
ƛiiħʔiƛitʔi 
ƛiiħʔiƛ 
paddle in pursuit 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who had paddled after them 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
refer to 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
susšiƛitʔi 
susšiƛ 
swim 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who had swum out 
. 

Then the ones who had paddled after those who had swum out landed.

1.921
qaħak̉aƛuk 
qaħakʷ 
numb 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
theirs were dead now 
ququušħim̉inħʔaƛ 
ququušħi 
have stiff limbs 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they had stiff limbs 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
susšiƛm̉inħitʔi 
susšiƛ 
swim 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who had swum out 
. 

The limbs of the ones who swam out were dead and stiff.

1.922
ʔaaƛuwičiiɬʔaƛ̉at 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-ičiiɬ 
INC.IT [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
two by two were done to 
hinusčisʔap̉at 
hinusčis 
up the beach 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
carried up the beach 
. 

Two by two they are carried up the beach.
pg. 96 begins below

1.923
ʔaapicsuuɬm̉inħʔaƛ̉at 
ʔaapicsuuɬ 
carry on the shoulder 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were carried on shoulders 
hinsčisʔap̉at 
hinsčisʔap 
carry up the beach 
-ˀat 
PASS 
carry up the beach 
. 

They carry them up the beach on their shoulders.

1.924
qatqaaħak̉aƛ 
CVt- 
PL 
qaħakʷ 
unconscious 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they are 'dead' 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
qʷam̉aamitʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all who did 
susšiƛm̉inħ 
susšiƛ 
swim 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
swum out 
. 

All who had swum out are 'dead'.

1.925
ʕacaa 
ʕacaa 
be cataleptic 
cataleptic 
ʔukɬaaʔaƛ 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it is called 
ʕacaaʔaƛ 
ʕacaa 
be cataleptic 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they are cataleptic 
. 

It is called atsaa (catalepsy).

1.926
ʔink̉ʷačiʔaƛ 
ʔink̉ʷačiƛ 
start to light up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it started to light up 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
muuqumɬʔaƛ 
muu 
four 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
four 
ʔeʔiiħ 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
big ones 
ʔink 
ʔinkʷ 
fire 
fires 
ʔink̉ʷačiƛ 
ʔink̉ʷačiƛ 
start to burn 
starting to burn 
. 

The house is lit up with four great fires.

1.927
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not 
taaɬsʔis 
taaɬsʔis 
warm o.s. 
warm themselves 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
meʔiƛqacħʔi 
meʔiƛqac 
boy 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
those boys who  
k̉ʷixaackʷi 
k̉ʷixaa 
be sucking 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
having done the Suck dance 
. 

Boys who have done the suck dance do not warm themselves by the fire.

1.928
hiɬst̉uʔiɬʔaƛ 
hiɬst̉uu2 
be sheltered from 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they are sheltered 
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
ʔuumaak̉aƛ 
ʔumaak 
fearing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
fearing that 
č̉iič̉iniikquu 
č̉iič̉iniikʷ 
given to feeling cold 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that they be sensitive to cold 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛšiʔiikquu 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛšiƛ 
become a young man 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they will become young men 
. 

They are sheltered from it lest they grow up sensitive to cold.
37) č̉iič̉iniik is one who gets cold in a short time in cold weather no matter how many clothes he may have on.

1.929
hiisiisaƛ 
hiisiisa 
strike repeatedly 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they keep striking 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ƛ̉imssac 
ƛ̉imssac 
cooking-box 
cooking-boxes 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
those 
ʕayaqin̉akʔi 
ʕayaqin̉akʷ1 
Rotten-fish dance 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Rotten-fish dancers 
. 

Those Rotten-fish dancers keep striking cooking boxes.
38) ƛ̉imssac is the wooden boxes they used to have for boiling purposes. By putting red hot stones into it the water boiled in a short time and cooked whatever they were cooking.

1.930
ħaaw 
haaw 
ħaw 
ħaw 
haw! 
shout in Wolf Ritual 
ħaw 
ħaw 
haw! 
shout in Wolf Ritual 
ħaw 
ħaw 
haw! 
shout in Wolf Ritual 
ħaw 
ħaw 
haw! 
shout in Wolf Ritual 
ħaw 
ħaw 
haw! 
shout in Wolf Ritual 
ħaw 
ħaw 
haw! 
shout in Wolf Ritual 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
paarrrr 
prrrr 
wawaaqčik̉aƛ 
wawaa 
say 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say while going along 
. 

They go along saying, "Haaw haw haw haw haw haw haw haap paarrrr".

1.931
kiiƛkiiƛaƛ 
kiiƛkiiƛa 
breaking up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they break up 
qʷiqʷiʔiɬʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
whatever was in the houses 
maamaħt̉iʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the houses 
. 

They break up everything in the houses.

1.932
hiineʔiiɬʔaƛ 
hiineʔiiɬ 
enter a house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they are then entering 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
maamaħt̉i 
maħt̉ii 
house.pl 
houses 
ħaciiỷiƛ 
ħaciiɬ 
go entire length 
-ˀiƛ 
invite [L] 
they go the entire length inviting 
ʔanač̉asʔitq 
ʔanač̉as 
all through the village/tribe 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all through the village 
maʔas 
maʔas 
village 
village 
. 

They enter each house right to the end of the village.
pg. 97 begins above

1.933
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
mačinuʔaƛ 
mačinawiƛ 
enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they enter the house 
hisaačiƛʔitq 
hisaačiƛ 
set out from 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
from where they were doing 
hiɬħʔiitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where they were doing 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

Then they go into the place they set out from, where the Wolf Ritual is going on.

1.934
miɬaaʔaƛ 
miɬ 
alike 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they do at the same time 
hinimʔas 
hina 
LOC 
-imʔas 
go about village 
going about the village 
ʕayaqin̉akʔi 
ʕayaqin̉akʷ1 
Rotten-fish dance 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Rotten-fish dancers 
yaa 
yaa1 
there 
there 
k̉ʷixeeʔi 
k̉ʷixaa 
be sucking 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were sucking 
. 

The Rotten-fish dancers go about the village at the same time as the suck dancers.

1.935
ƛawasʔaƛ 
ƛawas 
follow 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they follow close behind 
mačinƛ 
mačinawiƛ 
enter house 
entering the house 
mačinuʔaƛʔitq 
mačinawiƛ 
enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were entering 
k̉ʷixaamitʔi 
k̉ʷixaa 
be sucking 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who were sucking 
. 

They enter close behind them.

1.936
ʔanimyisinỷaƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-imyis 
on the shore 
-inỷu 
leave behind 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
only they are left behind moving around the beach 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
saan̉akʔi 
saan̉akʷ 
crawl dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the crawl dancers 
ʔaƛa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
two 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ỷuuqʷaaqa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they also do 
ħaaħaħinƛʔaaqƛ 
ħaaħaħin 
go length of the village 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
trying to go through the whole village 
ʔanačciỷasʔitq 
ʔanač 
that much 
-ciˑɬ 
on ... edge 
-ˀas3 
in the village 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the breadth of the village 
maʔas 
maʔas 
village 
village 
maačinuuɬ 
maačinuuɬ 
enter the house repeatedly 
entering houses repeatedly 
. 

Only the two crawl dancers are left going around the beach, for they also try to enter every house all the length of the village.

1.937
hiisimyissaƛ 
hisimyis 
move about on the shore 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they only move about on the beach 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
ʕaɬmaquuħʔi 
ʕaɬmaquuħ 
Cedar Bark Ogre 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Cedarbark Ogre 
hitinqisʔi 
hitinqis 
beach 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the beach 
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it does not 
maačinuuɬ 
maačinuuɬ 
enter the house repeatedly 
enter houses 
. 

The cedarbark ogre only goes about the beach but does not enter the houses.

1.938
ʔaniyaqa 
ʔana 
only 
-(y)iya 
at ... time 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they only do so when 
maačinuuɬ 
maačinuuɬ 
enter the house repeatedly 
enter the house 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʔaatħiỷaƛquu 
ʔatħii 
night 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it is night 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
hinimʔas 
hina 
LOC 
-imʔas 
go about village 
going about the village 
. 

He enters only when he goes about at night.

1.939
ʔuwiiʔapqa 
ʔuwiiʔap 
do first 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he first does 
ƛ̉ikapuƛ 
ƛ̉iikapuƛ 
put up hands 
put up the hand 
čimcaasʔatʔi 
čimcaas 
right hand 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his right hand 
. 

He first lifts his right hand up.

1.940
huu 
huu 
ho 
huu 
huhuhu 
huhuhuhuhu 
ʕħɔɔ 
. 

"Huu huhuhu huhuhuhuhu haw."

1.941
mInterlinšiʔaƛ 
mInterlinšiƛ 
turn around 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he turns around 
čimcačiƛ 
čimcačiƛ 
turn about counter-clockwise 
turning about counterclockwise 
čaani 
čaani 
at first 
first 
. 

First he turns about counter clockwise.
pg. 98 begins here

1.942
mInterlinšiƛ 
mInterlinšiƛ 
turn around 
he turns around 
ʕaačapiqčik 
ʕaačapi 
stretch out hand in air 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
going along with hand outstretched 
čimcaasʔatʔi 
čimcaas 
right hand 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his right hand 
kʷikʷinksu 
kʷikʷinksu 
hand 
hand 
. 

He turns around with his right hand outstretched.

1.943
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
qacʔiiqimɬʔaƛƛaa 
qacʔiiqimɬ 
go clockwise 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
he goes clockwise 
mInterlinšiƛ 
mInterlinšiƛ 
turn around 
turning around 
. 

Then he turns around clockwise.

1.944
ʕħu 
waaqħʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
he says again 
hišcaqimɬ 
hiš 
both 
-caqimɬ 
all about [L] 
going both ways 
mInterlinmInterlinš 
mInterlinmInterlinš 
turning at intervals 
turning at intervals 
. 

"Hu", he says as he turns each way.

1.945
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
kamitqšiʔaƛ 
kamitqšiƛ 
run 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he runs 
qʷaaʔap 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
do 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
hisimyis 
hisimyis 
move about on the shore 
moving about on the shore 
hitinqisʔi 
hitinqis 
beach 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the beach 
. 

Thus he runs about the beach.

1.946
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
qʷaaʔat 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀat 
PASS 
did thus 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
hinuuɬ 
hinuuɬ 
face 
face 
ʕaɬmaquuħč̉a 
ʕaɬmaquuħ 
Cedar Bark Ogre 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the Cedar Bark Ogre 
ƛ̉icuuɬquu 
ƛ̉ic 
white 
-(q)uˑɬʷ 
on the face 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that it has a white face 
yaqʷanuuʔaƛiiʔaaɬa 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-aˑnaw̉iƛ 
because of ... 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
that is why it is always so 
qʷaaʔaƛuk 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
its is thus 
ħuquuma 
ħuquuma 
mask 
mask 
. 

They say the ogre's face is as though powdered white; that is why its mask is so.

1.947
ƛ̉icuuɬʔaƛuk 
ƛ̉ic 
white 
-(q)uˑɬʷ 
on the face 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
its face is white 
yaquusi 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(w)uusi 
3.Rel.Dub 
the one who might be 
ʕaɬmaquuħin̉ak 
ʕaɬmaquuħin̉akʷ 
Cedar Bark Ogre dance 
Cedar Bark Ogre dance 
ʔuut̉iʔiɬak 
ʔuut̉iʔiɬa 
imitate 
-ˀak 
POSS 
imitating 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
. 

The ogre dancer has white on his face in imitation.

1.948
n̉ačcituɬʔapweʔinʔaaɬa 
n̉ačcituɬʔap 
show side of face 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
he shows the side of 
n̉ačuʔaɬʔap̉aƛquu 
n̉ačuʔaɬʔap 
make s.o. see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when he lets someone see 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʕaɬmaquuħč̉a 
ʕaɬmaquuħ 
Cedar Bark Ogre 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the Cedar Bark Ogre 
čamiiỷap̉aƛquu 
čamiiỷap 
allow s.o. to see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when he allows himself to be seen 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

It is said that the ogre shows the side of his face when he allows himself to be seen.
pg. 99 begins below

1.949
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
it is because 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
hiɬʔat 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ˀat 
INAL 
there is his 
qaħsỷi 
qaħsỷi 
lethal medicine 
deadly medicine 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
hinaʔaqasʔatʔi 
hinaʔaqas 
along the side of 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
at the side of his 
nic̉aatʔi 
nic̉a 
nose 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their noses 
hišcpaasʔat 
hišcpaas 
both cheeks 
-ˀat 
INAL 
at both sides of his nose 
yaaqsaaħiyiičʔaaɬa 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-saˑħi 
because of 
-yiič 
3.INDF.REL 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
by which one always does 
qaħšiƛ 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
dies 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
n̉ačcitawiʔaƛquu 
n̉ačcitawiƛ 
look at the side of s.o.'s face 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
looking at the side of his face 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

That is because he has a deadly medicine along both sides of his nose, by which a person would die upon looking at his face.

1.950
yaqʷaanuuʔaƛiičʔaaɬa 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-aˑnaw̉iƛ 
because of ... 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-yiič 
3.INDF.REL 
=ʔaaɬa 
=always 
that is why he always does 
n̉ačcituɬʔap̉aƛ 
n̉ačcituɬʔap 
show side of face 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
shows the side of his face 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
n̉ačuʔaɬʔap̉aƛquu 
n̉ačuʔaɬʔap 
make s.o. see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when he lets someone see 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

For this reason he shows only his profile when he lets someone see it.

1.951
weʔiiqqiqħweʔin 
weʔiiqqi 
headdress 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he has on a headdress 
čamiħta 
čamiħta 
really 
really 
c̉isat̉akƛi 
c̉isat̉akƛi 
hang at the back 
hanging at the back 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
like 
hisyuuquu 
hisyuu 
shredded cedar bark 
-quu1 
3.CND 
of what is shredded cedar bark 
. 

He has on a headdress hanging down at the rear like shredded cedar bark.

1.952
qʷaasasakƛaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
-sasa 
just [L] 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ƛaa 
again 
it is just like  
mucmuħaqukquu 
mucmuħaq 
bearskin 
-uk 
POSS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
what is a bearskin 
yaqʷʔičʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(č̉,k̉ʷ)ʔič 
clothed in... 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what he was wearing 
quʔacaq 
quuʔas 
man 
-aq 
big 
a big man 
. 

The blanket that the big person wears is just like a bearskin.

1.953
ƛukʷaqakaʕat 
ƛukʷaqakʷ 
large in girth 
-aq 
very 
-ˀat 
INAL 
his are very large in girth 
qaatỷapt̉a 
qaỷapt̉a 
leg.pl 
limbs 
. 

His limbs are very stout.

1.954
ʔuušmaqakweʔin 
ʔuušmaqakʷ 
terrible 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they say he is terrible 
. 

They say he is very fearful.

1.955
ʔuunuuƛma 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
for that reason they don't 
wikỷuuʔaƛ 
wikỷuu 
never 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
never do 
wiinapi 
wiinapi 
remain 
staying 
ƛawiičiƛ 
ƛawiičiƛ 
approach 
approaching 
ƛaaħaqsak 
ƛaaħaqsa 
present generation 
-ˀak 
POSS 
the present generation 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
hinuʔaɬʔaƛquu 
hinuʔaɬ 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they see him 
ʔeeʔeeʔišaƛ 
DUP- 
REP 
ʔaʔiˑš 
do quickly 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they quickly do 
šaw̉eʔii 
šaw̉aaʔa 
flee 
-ʔii 
go to 
run away 
. 

Therefore the present generation never stay or approach when they see him, but quickly run away.

1.956
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
it is because 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
very 
very 
ʔuušmaqʕin 
ʔuušmaqʕin 
make a fearful sound 
he makes a fearful sound 
hitaʕaƛ̉aƛquu 
hitaʕaƛ 
make a sound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when he cries out 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

It is because he makes a very fearful sound when he cries out.
pg. 100 begins below

1.957
ʔanimtweʔinʔaaɬa 
ʔana 
thus much 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
they used to always do thus much 
čamiħta 
čamiħta 
really 
really 
n̉aacsa 
n̉aacsa 
see 
watching 
yaaʔaɬ 
yaaʔaɬ 
look on 
looking on 
wik 
wik 
not 
not 
šaw̉eʔii 
šaw̉aaʔa 
flee 
-ʔii 
go to 
fleeing 
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
yaqwiimitič̉a 
yaqwiimit 
ancestor 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
our ancestors 
. 

The people of old used to observe him closely and did not run away.

1.958
yaqʷinƛii 
yaqʷaanaw̉iƛ 
it is for that reason 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
it is for that reason that 
čamiħta 
čamiħta 
really 
really 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ħamat̉ap 
ħamat̉ap 
be aware 
knew 
qʷaaqʷaašaħapiič 
DUP- 
SUF 
DUP- 
SUF 
-šaħap 
do to [L] 
-yiič 
3.INDF.REL 
how they would do 
qʷaaʔap̉aƛiiʔaaɬa 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
how he would do thus 
ʔuun̉ak̉aƛquu 
ʔuun̉akʷ 
dance 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
which they would imitate in dance 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

Hence they knew well all his different motions, which they imitated in the dance.

1.959
ʔuuʔuun̉ak̉ikitaħ 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔuun̉akʷ 
dance 
-ˀiˑkʷ2 
given to [L or R] 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I always imitated in dance 
saan̉ak 
saan̉akʷ 
crawl dance 
crawl dancing 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
k̉ʷixaaʔaƛquus 
k̉ʷixaa 
be sucking 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
when I was doing the suck dance 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

I always imitated crawling when I did the suck dance.

1.960
wik 
wik 
not 
I did not 
kʷistuupin̉akšiƛ 
kʷistuup 
different 
-iˑn̉akʷ 
imitate ... in dance 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
imitate something different 
. 

I did not imitate anything else.

1.961
seʔisħʔatma 
sa 
crawl on all fours 
-‘is 
on the beach 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
one does so in crawling position 
čaani 
čaani 
at that time 
at that time 
saan̉akw̉it̉asʔaƛ̉atquu 
saan̉akʷ 
crawl dance 
-w̉it̉as1 
about to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when about to do the crawl dance 
k̉ʷixaačiʔaɬʔat 
k̉ʷixaa 
be sucking 
-či2 
at 
-ʔaɬ1 
attached on 
-ˀat 
PASS 
during the sucking dance 
. 

When one is about to do the crawl dance during the suck dance, he gets down on all fours.

1.962
kiikiikiikiikii 
kiikiikikiki 
wawaaʔap̉at 
wawaaʔap 
make s.o. say s.t. 
-ˀat 
PASS 
making it say 
yaqc̉uqʷatʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-c̉uqʷa 
in the mouth 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one in his mouth 
kiikỷak 
kiikỷakʷ 
mouth whistle 
whistle 
. 

He makes the whistle in his mouth say, "Kiikiikiikiikii kiikiikiikiki".

1.963
n̉aƛn̉ašʔat 
CVƛdup- 
REP 
n̉aš 
go to see 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was looking back and forth 
kʷiƛkʷiscač̉ap̉aƛ 
kʷiƛkʷiscač̉ap 
do in different directions 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
doing in all directions 
n̉aƛn̉aš 
CVƛdup- 
REP 
n̉aš 
go to see 
looking back and forth 
. 

He looks back and forth in different directions.

1.964
kiikiikikikii 
. 

"Kiikiikikikii."

1.965
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ƛakišiʔaƛ 
ƛakišiƛ 
stand up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he stood up 
ħiiqšiʔaƛ 
ħiiqšiƛ 
growl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
growling 
. 

He stands up and growls.

1.966
ʕħaa 
ʕħaa 
'haa 
'Haa 
ʕħaa 
ʕħaa 
'haa 
'Haa 
wawaaqčik̉aƛ 
wawaa 
say 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said while going along 
kʷaacuʔukʷis 
kʷaacuʔuk 
move backwards 
-‘is 
on the beach 
he moves backwards on the beach 
ʕaʕaačapiqčik 
DUP- 
PL 
ʕaačapi 
stretch out hand in air 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
going along with hands stretched out in the air 
. 

He goes along backwards on the beach with hands outstretched in the air, saying, "haa haa" (growling).
pg. 101 begins here

1.967
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
mInterlinšiʔaƛ 
mInterlinšiƛ 
turn around 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he turns around 
kamitqšiʔaƛ 
kamitqšiƛ 
run 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he runs off 
. 

Then he turns about and runs.

1.968
kiika 
kiika 
kiika 
kiika 
kiika 
kiikaa 
kiika 
kiika 
wawaaʔap̉aƛ 
wawaaʔap 
make s.o. say s.t. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he makes it say 
yaqc̉uqʷeʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-c̉uqʷa 
in the mouth 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which is in his mouth 
kiikỷak 
kiikỷakʷ 
mouth whistle 
whistle 
. 

He makes the whistle in his mouth go, "Kiika kiika kiika kiika kiika kiika kiika kiika".

1.969
č̉ič̉iiɬn̉uk̉ʷaƛ 
č̉ič̉iiɬn̉uk 
lace on the hand 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he laces it on his hand 
ʕakỷak 
ʕakỷakʷ 
knife 
knife 
čimcaasʔi 
čimcaas 
right hand 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the right side 
kʷikʷinksu 
kʷikʷinksu 
hand 
hands 
. 

He has a knife laced on his right hand.

1.970
ʔiiħitaħʔaaɬa 
ʔiiħʷ 
very 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
I was always very much 
tuħʔin 
tuħʔin 
fear 
feared 
saan̉ak̉aƛquus 
saan̉akʷ 
crawl dance 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
when I did the crawl dance 
. 

I was much feared when I did the crawl dance.

1.971
ʔiiħitqacsaʔaaɬa 
Fulldup- 
SUF 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑcsa 
1s.DUB 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
I guess it was always very 
ʔuušmaqak 
ʔuušmaqakʷ 
terrible 
terrible 
. 

I think it was always very fearful.

1.972
ʔuupaaɬʔaƛquus 
ʔuupaaɬ2 
along with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
I used to be along with 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
. 

I used to be along with Big Joe.

1.973
hitinqsaʔaƛquus 
hitinqsaƛ 
go down to beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
I used to go down to the beach 
hinačištuƛ 
hinačištawiƛ 
go out to sea 
going out to sea 
hiniip̉aƛquus 
hiniip 
get 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
when I got one 
ʕiniiƛ 
ʕiniiƛ 
dog 
dog 
ʕapkʷaħuɬqčik 
ʕapkʷaħawiɬ 
hug to the chest 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
going along hugging it to the chest 
. 

When I had caught a dog, I would go down the beach and out into the water, hugging the dog to my breast,

1.974
ʕħaap 
'haap 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
ħaap 
ħaap 
haap 
haap 
wawaaqčik 
wawaa 
say 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
going along saying 
. 

going along saying, "Haap haap haap".

1.975
hinačištuʔaƛquus 
hinačištawiƛ 
go out to sea 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
I would go out to sea 
timqšiƛ 
timqšiƛ 
wade in 
wading in 
. 

I would go out to sea wading in.

1.976
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛquus 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-quus 
1s.CND 
then I would do 
čaaqʔatap̉aƛ 
čaqʔatap 
push down 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
pushing down 
ʕiniiƛʔi 
ʕiniiƛ 
dog 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the dog 
. 

I would shove the dog down (under the water).

1.977
hinasuqħʔap̉aƛquus 
hinasu 
submerge 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
I submerged it 
k̉aħsinqanup 
k̉aħsinqanawup 
split open the belly 
splitting open its belly 
. 

When I had submerged it, I would cut its belly open.
pg. 102 begins below

1.978
ɬapyuuqħʔap̉aƛquus 
ɬapyuu 
ripped open 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
I had ripped it open 
hinusčis 
hinusčis 
up the beach 
bringing up the beach 
. 

I brought it up the beach ripped open.

1.979
ʔapħtiisħʔaƛquus 
ʔapħtaakʷ 
half 
-iics 
go ... along 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
I would do halfway 
čiiwaħsuɬʔap̉aƛ 
čiiwaħsuɬʔap 
pull out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
pull out 
ƛim̉aaʕatʔi 
ƛim̉aˑq 
liver 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
its liver 
qʷiiqʷiiqƛʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ˀaqƛ1 
inside 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
whatever was inside of him 
ʕiniiƛ 
ʕiniiƛ 
dog 
dog 
c̉iyup̉atʔi 
c̉iyup 
intestines 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
its guts 
ʕusp̉at̉atʔi 
ʕusp̉at̉u 
stomach 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
its stomach 
. 

Halfway up, I would pull out the dog's liver, whatever was inside it, its guts and stomach.

1.980
ɬaʕaqƛn̉ukqħʔaƛquus 
ɬaqʷ 
mushy 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
I would do to the mushy mass in my hands 
t̉aačt̉aača 
t̉aačt̉aača 
be chewing 
chewing 
čiiskčiiska 
čiiskčiiska 
shaking the head from side to side 
turning head from side to side 
ʔuucapiqħ 
ʔuucaapi 
face towards 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
facing towards 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
yaaʔaɬ 
yaaʔaɬ 
look on 
looking on 
. 

I would chew at the soft mass in my hands turning my head from side to side and facing toward the crowd who were watching.

1.981
ʔuušʔaƛquu 
ʔuuš 
some 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
some would do 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
ʔaɬiičiƛ 
ʔaɬiičiƛ 
start to vomit 
start to vomit 
c̉ic̉iša 
c̉ic̉iša 
loathe 
loathing 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
since I 
p̉išʔiis 
p̉išʔiis 
eat s.t. bad 
eating something bad 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
. 

Some women would vomit from loathing, for I was eating something bad.

1.982
ʔatanišqɔɔ 
ʔataniš 
1p.CONTR 
=qʷa 
thus 
there are thus now 
ʔaanimɬʔaƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-maˑɬ 
survive [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
there are only surviving 
ʔaƛa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
two 
siỷa 
siỷa 
I 
I 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
yaaquumitiisʔaaɬa 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
with whom I always did so together 
ʕiɬč̉iis 
ʕiɬč̉iis 
eat dog 
eat dog 
. 

There are only two of us still alive, I and Big Joe, with whom I used to eat dog.

1.983
ħačatak̉aƛ 
ħačatakʷ 
all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all of them have done 
qaħkʷačiƛ 
qaaħakʷiƛ 
all die off 
died 
yaqitii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(m)it 
former 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
the ones who were 
ʔaya 
ʔaya 
many 
many 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
hiisčiiqstimtin 
hiisčiiqsta 
be among all 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we were among all of them 
. 

All of those among whom we were have all died.

1.984
wikħitaʔaaɬa 
wik 
not 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
he always didn't do 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
haʔukšiƛ 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
eating 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
ʔaanaħimtaʔaaɬa 
ʔaanaħi 
just 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
he just always did 
suu 
suu 
hold 
holding 
ʕiniiƛʔi 
ʕiniiƛ 
dog 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the dog 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
hayimħiqa 
hayimħi 
not know 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he did not know 
yaʕaqƛħʔatiiʔaaɬa 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀaqƛ1 
inside 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
that which one always has inside 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʕiɬč̉iisʔaƛ̉atquu 
ʕiɬč̉iis 
eat dog 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when one eats dog 
. 

Big Joe never did eat the dog but only held it, because he did not know what one has to have in (one's stomach) when one eats dog.
pg. 103 begins here

1.985
n̉up̉itaħ 
n̉up̉it 
once 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I did once 
yaaʔaɬʔat 
yaaʔaɬ 
look on 
-ˀat 
PASS 
was watched by 
nipniitqħʔat 
nipniit 
priest 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀat 
PASS 
by the missionary 
hiɬqħ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
it was there 
ƛukʷatquwis 
ƛukʷatquwis 
Coal Creek 
Coal Creek 
mista wima 
mista wima 
Mr. Wimmer 
Mr. Wimmer 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
named 
yaqitii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(m)it 
former 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
the one who was 
nipniit 
nipniit 
priest 
missionary 
. 

Once at Coal Creek, I was watched by a missionary, named Mr. Wimmer.

1.986
n̉iƛyaʕasʔaƛquu 
n̉iƛyaʕas 
fall on back on ground 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
he fell on his back on the ground 
sayaaqħ 
sayaˑ 
far off 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
being at a distance 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
tuuħuk 
tuuħuk 
afraid 
he was afraid 
saan̉aksi 
saan̉akʷ 
crawl dance 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I ws crawl dancing 
ʕiɬč̉iisʔaƛ 
ʕiɬč̉iis 
eat dog 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
eating dog 
. 

Though he was at a distance, he would fall on his back because he was afraid of my crawl dancing and dog-eating.

1.987
ƛ̉ačkʷačyaʕasʔaƛquu 
ƛ̉ačkʷačyu 
legs double under 
-ˀas3 
on ground 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
his legs would double under him 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
very 
very 
tuuħuk 
tuuħuk 
afraid 
afraid 
yaaɬsiiʔat 
yaaɬ 
there 
-ˀat 
PASS 
where he was to me 
sayaaʔat 
sayaˑ 
far off 
-ˀat 
PASS 
far off 
. 

His legs would double under him because he was greatly frightened even at a distance from me.

1.988
qaħšiƛʔaaqƛma 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he will die 
taam 
taam 
Tom 
Tom 
qaħakqħʔaaqƛma 
qaħakʷ 
dead 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he will die 
n̉aasik 
n̉aas 
day 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
today 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
p̉išʔiisqa 
p̉išʔiis 
eat s.t. bad 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he is eating something bad 
wawaaʔatweʔisi 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-waˑʔisi 
1s.QT 
as they said to me 
yaaɬsii 
yaaɬ 
there 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I did there 
našukuk 
našuk 
strong 
-uk 
POSS 
having strong 
ʕuỷi 
ʕuỷi 
medicine 
medicine 
ʔuunuuƛsi 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
therefore I was 
qʷaqʷaa 
DUP- 
SUF 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
. 

"Tom will die, he will die today because he is eating something bad", he said, as they told me, but I had a strong medicine and therefore could do it.

1.989
ħaayiiʔiʔaƛ 
ħaayiiʔiƛ 
all enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all now entered the house 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
k̉ʷixaamitʔi 
k̉ʷixaa 
be sucking 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who were doing the suck dance 
ʕayaqin̉akitʔi 
ʕayaqin̉akʷ1 
Rotten-fish dance 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones doing the Rotten-fish dance 
saan̉akitʔi 
saan̉akʷ 
crawl dance 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones doing the crawl dance 
ʕaɬmaquuħin̉akitʔi 
ʕaɬmaquuħin̉akʷ 
Cedar Bark Ogre dance 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones doing the Cedar Bark Ogre dance 
. 

Those who had been doing the suck dance, the Rotten-fish dance, the crawl dance and the ogre dance, all now entered.

1.990
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
kiiɬnaqšiʔaƛ 
kiiɬnaqšiƛ 
shout 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they shouted now 
huuywaa 
wey 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
waay 
waay 
say! 
say! 
huuy 
hu(u)y 
huuy 
huuy 
waay 
waay 
say! 
say! 
ʕhu 
ʕhu 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
kiiɬnaqšiƛ 
kiiɬnaqšiƛ 
shout 
shouting 
tiičaỷaʕasʔaƛ 
tiičaỷap 
revive 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
in order to revive them 
ʕaceeʔi 
ʕacaa 
unconscious 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the unconscious ones 
. 

They gave a shout, "Huuywaa wey huuy waay huhu", in order to revive the unconscious ones.

1.991
hihiiqiiʔiƛ 
DUP- 
SUF 
hiiqiiʔiƛ 
all enter the house 
they all entered the house 
k̉ʷixaackʷi 
k̉ʷixaa 
be sucking 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
having done the Suck dance 
yaqʷaanuuʔaƛʔitq 
yaqʷaanaw̉iƛ 
it is for that reason 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
and it was for that reason 
ħiiʕakƛinɬʔap̉aƛ 
ħiiʕakƛinɬʔap 
growl at the end 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
growl at the end 
. 

The suck dancers all entered and therefore they growled at the end each time.

1.992
muup̉it̉aƛ 
muu 
four 
-p̉it3 
... times 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did it four times 
qʷis 
qʷis 
do thus 
doing thus 
kiiɬnaqšiƛ 
kiiɬnaqšiƛ 
shout 
they shouted 
ħaačatuuʔaƛ 
ħaačatuwa 
all together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all did together 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
. 

All the men and women shouted four times.

1.993
t̉iqpiʔaƛ 
t̉iqpiƛ 
sit on floor 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they sat down 
tiičačiʔaƛ 
tiičačiƛ 
come to life 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
coming to life 
qaħakm̉inħitʔi 
qaħakʷ 
dead 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who had been 'dead' 
ʕacaamitʔi 
ʕacaa 
unconscious 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
those who had been unconscious 
muup̉itšiʔaƛʔitq 
muup̉it 
four times 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
after the fourth time 
kiiɬnaqšiƛ 
kiiɬnaqšiƛ 
shout 
shouting 
ƛakišiʔaƛ 
ƛakišiƛ 
stand up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they stood up 
. 

Then the ones who had been 'dead stiff' (unconscious) revived and sat up; they stood up after the fourth shout.

1.994
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then had done 
čučuukʷaʕinmeʔiƛnak̉aƛ 
čučuukʷaʕinmeʔiƛ 
go around inviting 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
had them go around inviting 
. 

I had people go about the village inviting.

1.995
huumaqƛ̉iʔaƛ 
huumaqƛ̉iƛ 
invite all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
One invited all 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual member 
Wolf Ritual members 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

They invited all the Tsishaa and Huupachas Wolf-Ritual members.

1.996
k̉ʷixp̉uƛʔaaqƛweʔincuk 
k̉ʷixp̉awiƛ 
pay for sucking 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-weˑʔincuk 
2s.QT 
you are going to come after sucking 
wawaaʔaƛ 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
čučuukʷaʕinmasʔi 
čučuukʷaʕinmas 
go about inviting 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones going about inviting 
. 

The inviters said "you are going to come in celebration of the suck dance".
39) k̉ʷixp̉uuƛ means to eat after k̉ʷixaa, the expression is also used in anything like if one was out talking and came home and using one invites one to eat with him, they would say kʷeʔiik ʔačỷaqp̉uuƛ.

1.997
kakakuupaƛ 
DUP- 
PL 
DUP- 
REP 
kaʔup 
mention by name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they mentioned them by name 
qʷaqʷam̉aqƛ̉asʔitq 
DUP- 
DIST 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-ˀaˑqƛ̉as 
in the house 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
everyone living in each house 
hiistaqšiƛ 
histaqšiƛ 
come from 
coming from 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said now 
ƛuukʷaaneʔi 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one giving the Wolf Ritual 
. 

They mentioned by name everyone living in each house, they said they came from the giver of the Wolf Ritual.

1.998
w̉aaqʔuqšiʔaƛ 
w̉aaqʔuqšiƛ 
go to a feast 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started coming to the feast 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
hiihiišmiiʔaƛ 
DUP- 
DIST 
hiš 
all 
-miˑɬ 
move about inside 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all being in each house 
. 

Everybody being in each house came to the feast.

1.999
siqyuuʔaƛuks 
siqyuu 
cooked 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-s 
1s.Ind 
mine was cooked 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
. 

My food was cooked.

1.1000
ʔayaaƛ 
ʔaya 
many 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
many were doing 
k̉ʷixp̉uuƛw̉it̉asʔaƛ 
k̉ʷixp̉awiƛ 
pay for sucking 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going to the suck dance 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual member 
the Wolf Ritual members 
. 

Many were going to the feast after the suck dance, all who were Wolf-Ritual members.

1.1001
ʔiiħw̉it̉asʔaƛ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were going to do big 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
. 

They were going to eat big.

1.1002
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all went 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ħačatiiʔiʔaƛ 
ħačatiiʔiƛ 
all enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all entering the house 
. 

All the people entered.

1.1003
siqaaʔaƛ 
siqaa 
cook 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were cooking now 
qaawac 
qaawac 
potato 
potatoes 
siqaaʔaƛ 
siqaa 
cook 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were cooking now 
wawac̉aqk̉uk 
wawac̉aqk̉uk 
beans 
beans 
siqaaʔaƛ 
siqaa 
cook 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was cooking now 
siisiick̉uk 
siisiick̉uk 
rice 
rice 
. 

Potatoes, beans and rice were cooking.

1.1004
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷam̉iismaaʔaƛ 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-ˀiˑs1 
eat 
-maaʔaƛ 
intend to... 
they were going to eat all 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eating 
k̉ʷixp̉uuƛ 
k̉ʷixp̉awiƛ 
pay for sucking 
as pay for sucking 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
caqiicqimɬ 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
twenty 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
box 
boxes 
χaχašk̉uk 
χaχašk̉uk 
crackers 
crackers 
. 

They were going to eat all that as pay for doing the suck dance and also twenty boxes of biscuits.

1.1005
muup̉itw̉it̉asʔapsi 
muup̉it 
four times 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I was going to have them do four times 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
k̉ʷixp̉uuƛ 
k̉ʷixp̉awiƛ 
pay for sucking 
as pay for sucking 
. 

I intended to have them eat four times as pay for sucking.

1.1006
ʔuʔiɬħuksi 
ʔu 
REF 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-uk 
POSS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had in the house 
yaqitii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(m)it 
former 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
that which was 
ʔeʔiiħ 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
big ones 
maƛapiiħ 
maƛimɬ 
barrel 
barrels 
šuukʷaa 
šuukʷaˑ 
sugar 
sugar 
ƛ̉isukʔi 
ƛ̉isuk 
white 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the white 
c̉uxʷapiiħ 
c̉uxʷapiiħ 
blocks 
blocks 
ʔuʔuc̉u 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔu 
REF 
-c̉uˑ1 
in container 
inside containers 
cacaqicqimỷaqƛ 
DUP- 
DIST 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ˀaqƛ2 
worth 
each worth twenty (dollars) 
. 

At the time I had big barrels of white lump sugar, each worth twenty dollars.

1.1007
caqiicqimỷisckʷaksi 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ˀiˑs1 
cost 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
it cost me twenty 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
yaaqčaʕisʔaƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-čuˑ 
having ...-ed 
-ˀiˑs1 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they had eaten 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eating 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

What the Tsishaa and Huupachas people were eating had cost me twenty dollars.

1.1008
ʔanicšiƛqas 
ʔanicšiƛ 
do thus 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I was doing thus 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
histaawaƛ 
histaawa 
go for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they got them at 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
tuyaawa 
tu 
handle 
-aˑwa 
take ... at intervals 
taking away in handfuls 
. 

All the time I was giving the Wolf Ritual they were taking it away in handfuls.
pg. 106 begins here

1.1009
kimaasʔaƛ 
kimaas 
rest chin on surface 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it rested its chin on 
hiin̉iiƛ̉aksuɬʔatʔi 
hiin̉iiƛ̉aksuɬ 
chin 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
its chin 
teeʔisim 
teeʔisim 
Beach-Pole 
Beach-Pole 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the much 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
. 

The chin of Beach-Pole (carved house post) rested on the great quantity of food.

1.1010
ʔuunuuʔaƛsi 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I did so because 
qʷaaʔap 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
do 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuħqaa 
ʔuħ 
is 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he was 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
ʔuuc 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
of the 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
. 

I had it that way because he is the chief of the house.

1.1011
qʷaaʔap̉aƛħakqɔɔʔaaɬa 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
=qʷa 
thus 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
do you do it thus always? 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
qʷaaʔamitʔaaɬa 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
always doing thus 
ʔiiħʔaƛquus 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
how I always show greatly 
ħaacħuuɬa 
ħaacħuuɬa 
display wealth 
displaying wealth 
. 

Do you do it that way now, the great manner I used to show off wealth?
40) Meaning you are whoever has the charge of teeʔisim now.

1.1012
ʔuunuuƛitsi 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I did so for this reason 
qʷapiqƛiɬʔap 
DUP- 
SUF 
-piqƛ 
in the centre 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
doing thus in the middle of the house 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
ʔiiħʔaanitqas 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
that mine was big 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
mind 
mind 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
ʔiiħit 
ʔiiħʷ 
very 
-(m)it 
PAST 
very 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
wealth 
wealthy 
wik 
wik 
not 
not 
wiicaqƛ 
wiicaqƛ 
be reticent about 
being reticent about it 
. 

The reason I had it there in the middle of the room was that my spirit was great, I was very wealthy and not afraid.

1.1013
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ħaw̉iɬcukqa 
ħaw̉iɬcuk 
need to be rich 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it needs to be rich 
teeʔisim 
teeʔisim 
Beach-Pole (housepost) 
Beach-Pole, the housepost 
ʔupiqƛiɬ 
ʔupiqƛiɬ 
be in the middle of the house 
be in middle of the house 
ƛapiqƛiɬ 
ƛapiqƛiɬ 
stand in middle of the house 
stand in middle of the house 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
. 

Beach-Pole has to be wealthy to be standing in the middle of the house.

1.1014
haʔuksap̉aƛsi 
haʔuksap 
feed 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I fed them 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

I fed the people.

1.1015
ʔuwiiħuuƛ 
ʔuwii 
be first 
-aħawiƛ 
in front of 
it was first put in front of them 
qaawac 
qaawac 
potato 
potatoes 
k̉uuɬšiƛ 
k̉uuɬšiƛ 
dip in 
dipped in 
ƛaqmis 
ƛaqmis 
oil 
oil 
. 

First they got potatoes dipped in oil.

1.1016
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hinaaħawiʔaƛ 
hinaħawiƛ 
serve 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was served 
siisiick̉uk 
siisiick̉uk 
rice 
rice 
č̉amaaħawiʔaƛ 
č̉amaaħawiƛ 
place vessel before s.o. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was then placed before them in vessels 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

Then rice in vessels was served to all the Tsishaa and Huupachas men and women.

1.1017
takink̉aƛ 
taakinkʷ2 
each has one piece 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
each of them had one piece 
č̉amaħuɬ 
č̉amaaħuɬ 
have vessel in front of 
had a vessel in front of them 
ɬuuʕa 
ɬuuʕa 
plate 
plate 
. 

Each had a plate before him.
pg. 107 begins here

1.1018
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finished 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
naayiỷis 
naayiỷis 
eat rice 
eating rice 
. 

They finished eating rice.

1.1019
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hinaaħawiʔaƛƛaa 
hinaħawiƛ 
serve 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they were served 
wawac̉aqk̉uk 
wawac̉aqk̉uk 
beans 
beans 
. 

Then beans were served.

1.1020
c̉iiqaaʔaƛ 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she was chanting 
ƛačit 
ƛačit 
Erect-on-Body 
Doctoring 
ʔukɬaamitʔi 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the one who was called 
. 

The one who was named Doctoring was singing a chant.
41) Yukum"s grandmother, his mother"s mother, now dead.

1.1021
tiič̉inħỷak 
tiič̉inħỷakʷ 
life-restoring chant 
life-restoring chants 
ʔukɬaaʔaƛuk 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
hers was called 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
yayaqʷiyaqħʔaƛʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iyaqħ 
sing ... song [R] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
which she was singing 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing secret chant 
. 

Her chant which she was singing was called a life-restorer.

1.1022
wikqħʔaƛ 
wik 
not 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it does not 
ʔuuc 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
belong to her 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
ʔaanaħaƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
but she did so 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
sing 
she sang 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuħqaa 
ʔuħ 
is 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
she was 
huħtak 
huħtakʷ 
know how 
know how 
. 

It did not belong to her, but she sang it because she knew how.

1.1023
|| 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
haaŋayuwee 
ʔahahaaŋayuwee 
ʔahahaaŋayuwee 
ʔahahaaŋayuwaa 
hiihyuwaʔaaŋayuwee 
ʔahahaaŋayuwaa 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
haaŋayuwee 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
part 
ʔahaheeŋayuwee 
siin̉akiiƛʔic 
ƛuukʷanuuhuwee 
ʔahahaheeŋayuwee 
yaaqiis 
ħaħeeʔiħtis 
ħaħeeʔiħtis 
go from one end of beach to other 
go around the beach 
hiniimyis 
ƛuukʷanuuhuwiiy 
||. 

it goes ...

1.1024
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔaaʔaanuqumɬa 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔanaħʷ 
size 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-a 
ABS? 
it goes that far 
. 

That is how far it goes on each repetition.
pg. 108 begins below

1.1025
ʔeʔimʔap̉aƛ 
ʔeʔim 
as soon as 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
as soon as they are 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
be silent 
be silent 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔaahaha 
heha 
ʔahaheha 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
miɬʕaƛ 
miɬʕaƛ 
shout in unison 
shouting in unison 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

As soon as the singer is silent, all the people in chorus say, "Aahahaheha ahaheha".

1.1026
ʔuwiiʕaƛ 
ʔuwii 
be first 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
they say first 
čaakupiiħʔi 
čakup 
man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the men 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ɬuucsaamiiħʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the women 
. 

First the men say it, then the women.

1.1027
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they also do 
miɬʕaƛ 
miɬʕaƛ 
shout in unison 
shouting in unison 
ʔaaƛp̉itʕin 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉it3 
... times 
-ˀin3 
sound of [R] 
making the sound twice 
. 

They also say it together, twice each time.

1.1028
tiič̉inħ 
tiič̉inħ 
restore life 
restoring life 
ʔukɬaaʔaƛ 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it is called 
qʷaaʔap̉aƛquu 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would do thus 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

This they call restoring life.
42) This tiič̉inħ c̉iiqaa song is supposed to bring the novices and the ones who swam out while k̉ʷixaa and came back ʕacaa pretending to be dead, back to their normal condition and get over the effect of the wolves. For that reason, it is called tiič̉inħ which practically stands for tiičč̉in asking to live and not die and this takes place after k̉ʷixaa while they are eating in order that the effects of the c̉iiqa may go on inside there along with the food they are eating and bring them back to life another time.

1.1029
ħaħačatiyaqħʔaaqƛ̉aƛ 
DUP- 
SUF 
ħačat 
all 
-iyaqħ 
sing ... song [R] 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were going to sing all their songs 
qʷaam̉aaʔakʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
which are all theirs 
tiič̉inħỷak 
tiič̉inħỷakʷ 
life-restoring chant 
life-restoring chants 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chants 
. 

They were going to sing all their life-restoring chants.

1.1030
ħaaħaaħinƛʔaaqƛ̉aƛ 
ħaaħaaħinƛ 
go through all 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were going through all 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
tiič̉inħỷaknak 
tiič̉inħỷakʷ 
life-restoring chant 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
having life-restoring chants 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chants 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

They were running through all the life-restoring chants that they had.

1.1031
ħaaʔuqħšiiɬʔaƛ 
ħaaʔuuqħšiiɬ 
take turns 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they took them up in turn 
n̉uup̉inʕipšiiɬʔaƛ 
n̉up 
one 
-p̉inq 
... times around 
-ʔiip 
give to 
-šiiɬ 
ITER [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
singing each song once 
ʔaanaħi 
ʔaanaħi 
just 
just 
c̉awaakqħ 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
one was 
ʔaaneʔitq 
ʔana 
thus much 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
thus much 
n̉aas 
n̉aas 
day 
day 
. 

They took them up in turn, each one once, but it took the whole day.

1.1032
ƛaʔuuʔaƛmaƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
=ƛaa 
again 
again there is another one 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
tiič̉inħỷak 
tiič̉inħỷakʷ 
life-restoring chant 
life-restoring chant 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
. 

This is another life-restoring chant.

1.1033
|| 
waayiiyaa 
hiyaayiyii 
haʔaayiyaa 
yiiyii 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
part 
waayiiyaahiyaa 
yiyii 
č̉aan̉iimaʔiičuwa 
yiyaayiyii 
yaaʕaatiisuu 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
yiyaayiyii 
ƛuukwaanap̉aayiyit 
waayiiyaa 
hiyaayiyii 
ʔaaniin̉ak̉uhaaʔicuwaayiya 
ƛ̉isuuħʔisʔaa 
yiyayiyii 
č̉ač̉aastamac 
yiyaayiyii 
||. 

pg. 109 begins below

1.1034
ʔaahahahahaha 
ʔahahahahaha 
waaʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they say again 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ħaačatuu 
ħačat 
all 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
all together 
. 

The people all together say again, "Aahahahahahah ahahahahaha"

1.1035
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔuʔakƛiʕaƛ̉aƛ 
ʔuʔakƛi 
last 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say finally 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
ħačatʕaƛ̉aƛƛaa 
ħačat 
all 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
all making the sound  
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
miɬʕaƛ 
miɬʕaƛ 
shout in unison 
shouting in unison 
. 

And then finally the women all say it again in unison.

1.1036
hapuuɬ 
hapuuɬ 
Boston Bob 
Boston Bob 
ʔuħʔaƛmaʔaaɬa 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
he always does so 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
sing 
singing 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
sing secret chant 
tiič̉inħʔaƛquu 
tiič̉inħ 
restore life 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they are restoring life 
ƛuukʷaananak̉aƛquu 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they are having a Wolf Ritual 
. 

Boston Bob always sings this chant when they are restoring life in a Wolf Ritual.

1.1037
ƛaʔuuʔaƛmaƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
=ƛaa 
again 
again there is another one 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
tiič̉inħỷak 
tiič̉inħỷakʷ 
life-restoring chant 
life-restoring chants 
. 

Again there is another life-restoring chant.

1.1038
|| 
hiiyaʔuweeha 
maatmaataʔuweeha 
hiiyaʔaweeha 
maatmaataʔuweeha 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
hiiyaʔuweeha 
ʔuyaaƛaħsaʔimš 
čaamat̉a 
čaamat̉a 
hereditary chief 
chief 
ƛuukʷahilaaha 
maatħsaʔaʔaƛqoos 
qʷaayiis 
qʷaa 
thus 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
how I am 
čaamat̉a 
čaamat̉a 
know how 
know how 
ƛuukʷahinii 
ƛaʔuuƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
=ƛaa 
again 
again another 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
ʔuyaaƛsaʔiimš 
čaamat̉a 
čaamat̉a 
hereditary chief 
chief 
t̉iiqcipuɬasʔaƛqoohus 
qʷqayiis 
čaamat̉a 
čaamat̉a 
hereditary chief 
chief 
ƛuukʷahiniiy 
Wolf Ritual 
||. 

"Hiiya'uweeha it is flying, hiiya'uweeha it is flying", go the words, "hiiya'uweeha I am outstanding in Wolf Ritual spirit, when I fly along the rocky shore, in my outstanding way".
43) čaamat̉a - is a hitinʕatuʔatħ word for to know hoe to give good appearance while dancing.
pg. 110 begins here

1.1039
ʔiqsiɬaƛƛaa 
ʔiqsiɬa 
do so 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they do so again 
qʷaaʔapʔitq 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they are doing 
hihixuqš 
hihixuqš 
shouting at intervals 
shouting at intervals 
ʔaaƛp̉itʕin 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉it3 
... times 
-ˀin3 
sound of [R] 
making the sound twice 
. 

They again yell twice each time.

1.1040
čeeksin 
čeeksin 
Jackson Dan 
Jackson 
ʔuuc̉aƛma 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it belongs to 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
tiič̉inħỷak 
tiič̉inħỷakʷ 
life-restoring chant 
life-restoring chants 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
. 

This life-restoring chant belongs to Jackson.

1.1041
quʔišitqiic̉aƛuk 
quʔišin 
raven 
-iic 
belong to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
it is of the raven 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
. 

It is a chant of the raven.

1.1042
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
ʔuuʔiƛʔaaqƛ̉aƛaħ 
ʔuuʔiƛ1 
go for 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am going to do 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
yaqukʷiis 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-uk 
POSS 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
the one which is my 
tiič̉inħỷak 
tiič̉inħỷakʷ 
life-restoring chant 
life-restoring chants 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
. 

Now, I am going to sing my life-restoring chant.

1.1043
|| 
siwiiƛaħ 
c̉iiqšaŋahaaƛ 
siwaheeŋa 
siwiiƛaaħ 
c̉iiqšaŋahaaƛ 
siwaʔeeŋa 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
part 
ʔanaaƛʔiim 
hayiimħičiƛ 
t̉aat̉aaqm̉uħaaŋaha 
qaħaakʷiɬʔaaqƛquuč 
quuʔaŋahaas 
||. 

"I will be first to chant, I will be first to chant", go the words, "you must only become aware of Taatakmuha when people are dead on the floor".
43a) t̉aat̉aaqm̉uħaa ??

1.1044
ʔiqsiɬaƛƛaa 
ʔiqsiɬa 
do so 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they do so again 
qʷaaʔapʔitq 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they were doing 
hixuqšiʔaƛƛaa 
hixuqšiƛ 
shout 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
shouting again 
ʔaaƛp̉it̉aƛ 
ʔaƛp̉it 
twice 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
doing twice 
. 

They do that which they were doing shouting again, doing it twice.

1.1045
miɬʕaƛ 
miɬʕaƛ 
shout in unison 
they sing in unison 
ʔuwiiʔaƛ 
ʔuwii 
be first 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they are first 
čaakupiiħʔi 
čakup 
man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the men 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
. 

They say it in chorus, first the men and then the women.
pg. 111 begins below

1.1046
ʔuuc̉aƛaħ 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
it belongs to me 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
tiič̉inħỷak 
tiič̉inħỷakʷ 
life-restoring chant 
life-restoring chants 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
. 

That life-restoring chant belongs to me.

1.1047
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
ʔuuc̉aƛma 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it belongs to 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
tiič̉inħỷak 
tiič̉inħỷakʷ 
life-restoring chant 
life-restoring chants 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
tayiiʕa 
tayiiʕa 
Long-Prong 
Long-Prong 
ʔucħi 
ʔucħi 
married to 
married to 
. 

This chant belongs to Mrs. Tayii'a.

1.1048
|| 
waykaaŋayaaŋayii 
wayikaaš 
ƛukʷaaŋayii 
waykaaŋa 
yaaŋayii 
wayiikaaš 
ƛukʷaanayii 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
n̉up̉it̉aaƛs 
7usiɬaaŋaỷii 
qʷiyaaŋayaaŋayiis 
qʷiyimtiis 
wa 
waa 
say 
say 
ʔaƛqaaŋaỷaaŋayii 
ʔaƛqimỷaakƛis 
maƛ̉aakƛy 
tukʷaaŋaʔuuk 
||. 

"Waykaanga yaangayii wayikaash Wolf Ritual, waykaanga yaangayii wayiikaash", go the words, "I did it once the time I towed two sea lions".

1.1049
haahahaha 
haahahaha 
waaʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they said again 
. 

And again they say, "Haahahaha".

1.1050
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔuum̉aanuʔaƛquu 
ʔuum̉aanawiƛ 
go so far 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would go so far 
qʷaaʔapʔitq 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they were doing 
. 

They would go that far doing what they were doing.

1.1051
k̉ʷaamaɬsinyuk 
k̉ʷaamaɬsinyuk 
Breaks-about-the-Head 
Breaks-about-the-Head 
ʔukɬaamitweʔin 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he was called 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
yaqitiič 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-yiič 
3.INDF.REL 
the one who did so 
ʔuuỷip 
ʔuuỷip 
find 
found 
nuukʔii 
nuuk 
song 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the song 
. 

They say this song was found by a man named Breaks-about-Head.

1.1052
ʔuukʷiiqstimtweʔin 
ʔuukʷiqsta 
be among 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
it was among 
nananiqsakitqas 
naniiqsu 
grandparent.pl 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my grandparents 
c̉ušukweʔin 
c̉ušuk 
new 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
it was new 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
nuukʔii 
nuuk 
song 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the song 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
. 

Among my grandparents this song was new.
pg. 112 begins below

1.1053
ʔaacšiʔaƛ 
ʔacšiƛ 
hunt on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was hunting on the water 
tuupšiƛʔi 
tuupšiƛ 
evening 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
evening 
hinaačiƛ 
hinaačiƛ 
set off on the water 
setting off on the water 
k̉ʷaamaɬsinyuk 
k̉ʷaamaɬsinyuk 
Breaks-about-the-Head 
Breaks-about-the-Head 
ƛukʷatqpaɬiya 
ƛukʷatqpaɬ 
Wolf Ritual season 
-(y)iya 
at ... time 
at the time of the Wolf Ritual season 
. 

Breaks-about-Head set out hunting food in the evening at the time of a Wolf Ritual.

1.1054
c̉axšiʔaƛ 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he speared 
tukuukʔi 
tukuuk 
sea lion 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the sea lion 
. 

He speared a sea lion.

1.1055
n̉apxtaaʔak 
n̉apxtaˑ 
die instantly 
-ˀak 
POSS 
his died instantly 
maaƛšiƛ 
maaƛšiƛ 
tow 
he towed it 
wiħiiʔup 
wiħiiʔup 
bring to dry land 
bringing it to dry land 
maƛ̉uup 
maƛ̉uup 
tie on rocks 
tying on the rocks 
. 

It died instantly and he towed it to the rocky shore, tying it on the rocks.

1.1056
huʔaačiƛƛaa 
huʔaačiƛ 
go back out to sea 
=ƛaa 
again 
he went back out to sea 
ƛaʔuun̉aħšiƛ 
ƛaʔuun̉aħšiƛ 
look for another 
looking for another 
. 

He set out after another.

1.1057
c̉axšiƛƛaa 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
=ƛaa 
again 
again he speared it 
n̉apxtaaʔakƛaa 
n̉apxtaˑ 
die instantly 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ƛaa 
again 
again his died instantly 
maaƛšiƛƛaa 
maaƛšiƛ 
tow 
=ƛaa 
again 
again he towed it 
. 

Again he speared it, again his died instantly and again he towed it to land.

1.1058
ʔucaỷap 
ʔucaỷap 
take to swh 
he took it to 
hiỷaaʔakʔitq 
hiỷaaʔa1 
rocky place 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where his were on the rocks 
ƛaʔuqumɬ 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
the other one 
. 

He took it to where the other one was on the rocks.

1.1059
maaƛšiʔaƛ 
maaƛšiƛ 
tow 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he started to tow 
ʔaƛqimỷakƛinuʔaƛ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ˀakƛi 
at rear 
-inawiƛ1 
GRD [L+S] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
towing behind two 
tukuuk 
tukuuk 
sea lion 
sea lions 
. 

Then he towed the two sea-lions behind him.

1.1060
waaɬšiƛšiʔaƛ 
waɬ 
go home 
-šiƛšiƛ 
GRAD.PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he started off for home 
hisaačiƛʔitq 
hisaačiƛ 
set out from 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where he came from 
. 

He started for home.

1.1061
hitasaƛ 
hitasaƛ 
land on beach 
he came to shore 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
wikʔaỷin 
wikʔaỷin 
not know 
not knowing 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
hitasaƛqa 
hitasaƛ 
land on beach 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
hitting the beach 
ħaaỷiʔi 
ħaaỷi 
low tide 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
low tide 
hiikʷis 
hiikʷis 
Equis 
Equis 
. 

He landed at night with no one knowing, hitting the beach at low tide at Equis.
44) hiikʷis is the name of a Tsishaath village down at Barkley Channel.

1.1062
ʔuʕiʔaƛ 
ʔuʕiƛ2 
find out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he found them 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
c̉iiqaaqa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they were chanting 
tiič̉inħqa 
tiič̉inħ 
restore life 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
restoring life 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
refer to 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
hinimʔasckʷiʔi 
hinimʔas 
go about in village 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones having gone about in the village 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dance 
. 

He found them chanting and restoring life to the ones who had gone about the village doing imitative dances.

1.1063
hišimyiɬʔaƛ 
hišimɬ 
assemble 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they gathered in the house 
humaqƛiɬʔaƛ 
humaqƛ 
all together 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all were together in the house now 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

All the people were gathered in the house.

1.1064
hineeʔiƛ 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
he entered 
k̉ʷaamaɬsinyuk 
k̉ʷaamaɬsinyuk 
Breaks-about-the-Head 
Breaks-about-the-Head 
hiiɬħʔiitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
there were it was 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

Breaks-about-Head went in where the Wolf Ritual was going on.

1.1065
kaaʔa 
kaaʔa 
hand over! 
hand over! 
ʔaħn̉ii 
ʔaħn̉ii 
that 
that 
kuxminʔi 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the rattle 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
refer to 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
kuxmatʕaqƛn̉ukʔi 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the one having a rattle in his hand 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
c̉iiqaackʷi 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
having sung secret chants 
. 

"Give me that rattle", he said to a person who had been chanting with a rattle in their hand.
pg. 113 begins above

1.1066
hiniiʔat 
hinii 
give 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was given 
k̉ʷaamaɬsinyuk 
k̉ʷaamaɬsinyuk 
Breaks-about-the-Head 
Breaks-about-the-Head 
kuxminʔi 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the rattle 
. 

He gave Breaks-about-the-Head the rattle.

1.1067
c̉iiqšiʔaƛ 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he started singing 
k̉ʷaamaɬsinyuk 
k̉ʷaamaɬsinyuk 
Breaks-about-the-Head 
Breaks-about-the-Head 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔuuʔiʔaƛ 
ʔuuʔiƛ1 
go for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going on  
hisiik̉aƛ 
hisiikʷ 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
while going along 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing secret chant 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
waaɬšiƛqħqa 
waɬšiƛ 
go home 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
while going home 
c̉iiqỷakʷiiɬ 
c̉iiqỷakʷiiɬ 
compose a chant 
making the chant 
. 

He took it and went on with this chant, for he had been making it up as he was coming home.

1.1068
ʔuħʔaƛma 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
she is  
ʔuckʷiiʔaƛ 
ʔuckʷii 
be descended from 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
descended from 
tayiiʕa 
tayiiʕa 
Long-Prong 
Long-Prong 
ʔucħi 
ʔucħi 
married to 
married to 
k̉ʷaamaɬsinyukʷič̉a 
k̉ʷaamaɬsinyuk 
Breaks-about-the-Head 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the famous Breaks-about-the-Head 
ʔuuʔuuʔup̉aƛ 
ʔuuʔuuʔup 
inherit from 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
inherited from 
ʔumʔiiqsakitʔi 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
her late mother 
. 

Mrs. Tayii'a is descended from the famous Breaks-about-the-Head inherited through her late mother.

1.1069
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛaħ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I also do 
hinaɬiic 
hinaɬ 
go along with 
-iic 
belong to 
it also belongs to 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
c̉iiqỷakʔi 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chant 
ʔuuʔuuʔup̉aƛ 
ʔuuʔuuʔup 
inherit from 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
inherited from 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ʔumʔiiqsakitqas 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
who is my mother 
. 

I also own this song inherited from my mother.

1.1070
ciqšiʔaƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he spoke now 
k̉ʷaamaɬsinyuk 
k̉ʷaamaɬsinyuk 
Breaks-about-the-Head 
Breaks-about-the-Head 
hawiiʔaƛʔitq 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when he had finished 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing the secret chant 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
sing 
singing 
. 

Breaks-about-Head spoke when he had finished chanting.

1.1071
ʔusiɬamaħ 
ʔusiɬa 
do 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I did it 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
since I am 
kʷiisaħi 
kʷiisaħi 
sea-mammal hunter 
sea-mammal hunter 
. 

"I did it because I am a sea-mammal hunter.

1.1072
n̉ačɔɔ 
n̉aačuu 
see here! 
see! 
naʔaataħʔičas 
naʔaataħ 
listen 
-ˀiˑčas 
2>1.IMP 
listen to me! 
ʔaƛqimɬiimaħ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-iiỷip 
obtain 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I caught two 
tukuuk 
tukuuk 
sea lion 
sea lions 
. 

Listen to me, I have caught two sea-lions.

1.1073
hiisʔaƛma 
his(t) 
LOC 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
they are there 
hitinqis 
hitinqis 
beach 
beach 
maƛis 
maƛ 
tie 
-‘is 
on the beach 
tied on the beach 
. 

They are tied up there on the beach.

1.1074
hičmačiiɬšiʔič 
hičmačiiɬšiƛ 
make a torch 
-ˀiˑč2 
2p>3.IMP 
make torches! 
č̉ičiʔaani 
č̉ičiƛ 
cut 
-ˀaani 
1p.PURP 
so that we may cut them up 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
speaking 
k̉ʷaamaɬsinyuk 
k̉ʷaamaɬsinyuk 
Breaks-about-the-Head 
Breaks-about-the-Head 
. 

Make torches so we may cut them up," said Breaks-about-the-Head.
pg. 114 begins here

1.1075
n̉iƛkʷaqšiʔaƛ 
n̉iƛkʷaqšiƛ 
be excited 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they became excited 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
hiičmačiiɬšiʔaƛ 
hičmačiiɬšiƛ 
make a torch 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
making torches 
ʔiiħukʷitqa 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that its was big 
n̉iƛkʷaʕacsỷi 
n̉iƛkʷaʕacsỷi 
excitement 
excitement 
haʔumiipnak̉aƛquu 
haʔumiipnakʷ 
obtain food 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
if someone obtained food 
ƛukʷatqpaɬiya 
ƛukʷatqpaɬ 
Wolf Ritual season 
-(y)iya 
at ... time 
at the time of the Wolf Ritual season 
. 

The Tsishaa made torches in great excitement, for it was a big thing if someone captured food in the time of a Wolf Ritual.

1.1076
t̉uuxmis 
t̉uuxmis 
Murdering-along-the-coast 
Bearhead Joe 
ʔumʔiiqsakitʔi 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his late mother 
ʔuuc̉aƛma 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it belongs to 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
tiič̉inħỷak 
tiič̉inħỷakʷ 
life-restoring chant 
life-restoring chant 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
. 

This life-restoring chant belongs to Bearhead Joe's late mother.

1.1077
|| 
yaaʔaŋa 
yaaʔaŋa 
hiiyaaʔaŋa 
yaaʔaŋa 
hayii 
hiiyaaʔaŋaa 
yaaʔaŋa 
hayii 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
čaaniʔiis 
naʔaataħšiƛ 
naʔaataħšiƛ 
listen to 
they listened 
yaaʔaŋee 
hiiyaaʔaŋa 
yaaʔaŋa 
hayii 
ʔiiqħukʔaqƛaaħ 
yaaʔaŋaa 
ʔuumutaqaa 
yaaʔaŋaa 
ʔeʔiimyiis 
hiniisuʔaat 
yaaʔaŋaa 
hiniisuʔaat 
yaaʔaŋaa 
ƛuukʷaaniỷap̉at 
hiyahayii 
||. 

"Ya'anga", go the words, "listen to me a moment, "ya'anga. I am going to tell about the first time I was carried off, was carried off and received the Wolf Ritual spirit".

1.1078
haahahaha 
haahahaha 
waaʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they say again 
ħaaħaaħanuʔaƛʔitq 
ħaaħaaħanawiƛ 
reach the end 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when they reached the end 
qʷaaʔapʔitq 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they were doing 
. 

And they said again, "haahahaha", when they had reached the end of what they were doing.

1.1079
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
ħeeč̉is 
ħeeč̉is 
Hachaa-Woman 
Mrs. Tom Sayachapis 
ʔuuc̉aƛma 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it belongs to 
hikuuɬʔatħiic̉aƛuk 
hikuuɬʔatħ 
Ecoole band 
-iic 
belong to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
belonging to the Hikohl band 
. 

Now (this one) belongs to Mrs. Tom Sayachapis from the Hikohl band.
pg. 115 begins here

1.1080
|| 
wiinaŋaayiya 
wiiktaqyuuqħsiš 
ƛuukʷanaayii 
wiinaŋeeyiya 
na 
wiiktaqyuuqħsiš 
ƛuukʷanaayiya 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
wa 
waa 
say 
say 
ʔuktaktaqatsiš 
wiinaŋaayiyaa 
ʔaanimtiiswa 
hiišsaħaayiyaap 
hiišsaħaapsiš 
ƛuukʷanaayii 
||. 

"Wiinangaayiya, I am doing the Wolf Ritual while a novice, wiinangeyiya, see, I am doing the Wolf Ritual while a novice", go the words, "they attack me for doing all sorts of things in the Wolf Ritual".

1.1081
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛƛaa 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
=ƛaa 
again 
and then again 
qʷaaʔapʔitq 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they were doing 
hixuqšiʔaƛƛaa 
hixuqšiƛ 
shout 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
shouting again 
hawiiʔaƛʔitq 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones had stopped 
ʕimtʕimta 
ʕimtʕimta 
singing words 
singing the words 
. 

They ones who had finished singing the words shout again.

1.1082
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷaqʷam̉iyaqħitaʔaaɬa 
DUP- 
SUF 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-iyaqħ 
sing ... song [R] 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
they always sing that many 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
sing secret chant 
tiič̉inħ 
tiič̉inħ 
restore life 
restoring life 
k̉ʷixp̉awiʔaƛquu 
k̉ʷixp̉awiƛ 
pay for sucking 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
after they were paid for sucking 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

That is how many life-restoring chants they always sang in a feast following the suck dance.

1.1083
haʔukqħʔaƛ 
haʔuk 
eat 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did while eating 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing secret chants 
ħaaʔuqħšiiɬʔaƛ 
ħaaʔuuqħšiiɬ 
take turns 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they took them up in turn 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
sing secret chants 
. 

They chanted while they were eating, taking up the chants one after another.

1.1084
tuuħuk̉ʷaƛquu 
tuuħuk 
afraid 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they used to be afraid 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ʔuuỷaħsnakʔi 
ʔuuš 
some 
-ˀaħs 
in vessel 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the one who had caught  
haʔumštup 
haʔumštup 
fish 
some kind of fish 
ʔaanuuquu 
ʔana 
only 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-quu1 
3.CND 
if only doing so with him 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
if 
if 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
yaʕaħsʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀaħs 
in vessel 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what he had in  
. 

They used to be afraid that the one who had caught some kind of fish might eat alone what he had caught.

1.1085
ʔuuʔumiiʔak̉aƛ 
ʔuuʔumiiʔak 
fear s.t. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were afraid that 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
haahaw̉aštaqatquu 
haahaw̉aštaqa 
punish s.o. for eating alone 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they might be punished for eating alone 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

They were afraid that when they might be punished for eating alone.
pg. 116 begins below

1.1086
ʔat̉aƛitaʔaaɬa 
ʔat 
even if 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
they would always do so in spite of that 
ʔatquu 
ʔat 
even if 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even though 
kam̉eeʔisuk 
kam̉aˑ_ʔis 
few 
-uk 
POSS 
his was small 
takaaʔaƛquu 
takaa 
nevertheless 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even so they would do so 
huumaqƛuučiƛ 
humaqƛ 
all together 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
all would do together 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
. 

They would always do so in spite of that even though theirs was small even so they would all eat it together.

1.1087
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔam̉iičiʔaƛʔitq 
ʔam̉iičiƛ 
be next morning 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when it was the next morning 
qʷiyiqas 
qʷiyii 
when 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
when I  
k̉ʷixaackʷap̉aƛ 
k̉ʷixaa 
be sucking 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
I had them do the suck dance 
. 

And then the next morning, I had them do the suck dance.

1.1088
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then did so 
hineeʔitap̉aƛƛaa 
hineeʔitap 
bring into house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again brought them into the house 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ƛaaʔuuk̉ʷaƛʔitq 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-uk 
IMPF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when it was the next 
ʔaatħšiƛ 
ʔaatħšiƛ 
become night 
being night 
. 

At nightfall the day after I put on the suck dance, I again brought the people into the house.

1.1089
haʔukšiʔaƛƛaa 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
=again 
again they started to eat 
χaχašk̉uk 
χaχašk̉uk 
crackers 
crackers 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
. 

Again the men, women and children started eating biscuits.

1.1090
suuʔaƛsi 
suu 
hold 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had 
muyiiqħtak 
muyiiq 
eighty 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
eighty sacks of 
sapnin 
sapnin 
flour 
flour 
. 

I had eighty sacks of flour.

1.1091
hist̉aapsi 
his(t) 
LOC 
-ˀaap2 
buy 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I bought them there at 
saantasit 
saantas 
Saunders 
-(m)it 
PAST 
the late Saunders 
makuɬukʷit 
makuɬ 
store 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
his former store 
. 

I had bought it at the late Saunders' store.

1.1092
huptaaqħʔap̉aƛsi 
huptaa 
be hiding 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I did so secretly 
ʔuʔiiʔiɬ 
ʔuʔii 
go to 
-‘iɬ3 
on the floor 
going to 
caqiicħtak 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
twenty  
hiɬinkʷiɬʔi 
hiiɬinkʷiɬ 
in the corner 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
in the corner 
hiiɬc̉aqiɬʔi 
hiiɬc̉aqiɬ 
rear of house 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
at the rear of the house 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
kʷisitc̉aqiɬʔi 
kʷisitc̉u 
opposite end 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the opposite corner of the house 
caqiicħtak̉apsiƛaa 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I did to twenty sacks 
ʔuʔiiʔiɬ 
ʔuʔii 
go to 
-‘iɬ3 
on the floor 
going to 
. 

I secretly placed twenty sacks in both rear corners of the house.

1.1093
weey 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
hiiɬsʔatuʔi 
hiiɬsʔatu 
at the door 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
at the door 
ʔuʔiiʔiɬʔapsiƛaa 
ʔuʔiiʔiɬʔap 
bring into house 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I also put in the house 
hiɬinkʷiɬʔi 
hiiɬinkʷiɬ 
in the corner 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
in the corner 
caqiicħtakƛaa 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
=ƛaa 
again 
twenty sacks 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
kʷiisitsʔatuʔi 
kʷiisitsʔatu 
corner opposite the door 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
corner opposite the door 
ʔuʔiiʔiɬʔapsi 
ʔuʔiiʔiɬʔap 
bring into house 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I put 
caqiicħtakƛaa 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
=ƛaa 
again 
twenty sacks 
. 

Furthermore, I put twenty sacks in the corner by the door and twenty sacks in the corner opposite the door.

1.1094
huptiɬʔaƛ 
hupt 
hide 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were hidden in the house 
. 

They were hidden in the house.
pg. 117 begins below

1.1095
hayaaʔak̉aƛ 
hayaaʔakʷ 
not know 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not know 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
hiiɬqaa 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it was there 
. 

The people did not know it was there.

1.1096
nuukʷiiɬšiʔaƛsi 
nuukʷiiɬšiƛ 
practise a song 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then practised a song 
. 

I then practised a song.

1.1097
ʔaanuwasaƛsi 
ʔana 
only 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I only did so with them 
qʷam̉aaštaqimɬqas 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-taqimɬ 
... group(s) 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
those who were in my family 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ħayu 
ħayu 
ten 
ten 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
young men 
. 

I did so with only my relatives and ten young men.

1.1098
suukʷitaw̉it̉asm̉inħʔatsuk 
suukʷita 
dance-helpers 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-suˑk 
2s.ABS 
they were going to be your dance-helpers 
ƛ̉icaʕukʷin̉ak 
ƛ̉icaʕukʷin̉akʷ 
Mouse or Rat dance 
Mouse dance 
. 

They were going to be your (Alex's) helpers in the Mouse dance.

1.1099
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then there were 
ʔaƛa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
two 
ʔumʔiiqsumaaʔaƛʔi 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
-maaʔaƛ 
intend to... 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones intending to be mothers  
ƛ̉iicaʕuk 
ƛ̉icaʕuk 
mouse 
mice 
. 

There were two who were going to be the mother mice.

1.1100
wikʔaɬʔap̉aƛsi 
wikʔaɬ 
not know 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I did not let them know 
qʷam̉aasčiʔatħqas 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-aˑsči 
in one group 
-ˀatħ2 
...tribe 
-qaˑs 
1s.REL 
the ones who were my fellow tribesmen 
. 

I did not let my fellow tribesmen know about it.

1.1101
ʔaanawasaƛsi 
ʔana 
only 
-waˑ 
say [R] 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I only said to them 
qʷam̉aštaqimɬqas 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-taqimɬ 
... band 
-qaˑs 
1s.REL 
the ones in my group 
. 

I only told my band.

1.1102
haw̉aataƛ 
haw̉aatu 
finish eating 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finished eating 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

The many people finished eating.

1.1103
hišimỷawiʔaƛuk 
hišimỷawiƛ 
assemble 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
they gathered together 
m̉aamutm̉inħukʔi 
m̉aamut 
leftovers 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their leftovers 
. 

They gathered together their leftover food.

1.1104
susuupiʔaƛ̉atuk 
DUP- 
SUF 
suupi 
hold up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
theirs was held by them 
ʔuħʔat 
ʔuħʔat 
by 
by 
ɬuucsaamiiħukʔi 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
wife 
-uk 
IMPF 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the wives 
. 

It was held by the wives.

1.1105
nuuʔiʔaƛsi 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I started singing 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
. 

I then took up a song.

1.1106
|| 
wahayiiya 
ʔahayiiya 
ʔahayiiyahiyee 
ɬuɬumɬapak̉aapsiš 
hicaakuk 
hicaakʷ 
platform 
-uk 
IMPF 
ħaw̉iħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chief 
wahayiiya 
ʔahayiiyahiyee 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
part 
ʔaktaawačip̉aaƛquus 
ħaw̉iiɬmis 
ħaw̉iħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chief 
ʔaktaawačip̉aaƛqus 
ƛ̉aqaaštuk 
ħaw̉iiħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chiefs 
ʔaktaawačip̉aƛqus 
kʷan̉iisc̉ak 
ħaw̉iiħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chiefs 
ʔaktaawačip̉aaƛqus 
ƛičc̉uuʔak 
ħaw̉iiħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chiefs 
||. 

"Waha yiiya. I let the bed platforms of the chiefs shake", go the words, "when I gnaw away the wealth of the chiefs, when I gnaw away the dried blubber of the chiefs, when I gnaw the bags of wild onions, when I gnaw the bags of clover root of the chiefs".
See R&S 40 (vii F 79). Mouse dance song, sung by Tom, Tsishaa. Accompanies mouse imitative dance in the wolf ritual; Hisaaw'stat tupaati, going back to Pii'iiH (later name of Saayaachapis) . I cause the floors of the chiefs to vibrate. I gnaw and carry away the wealth of the chiefs. I gnaw and carry away the clover-root of the chiefs. I gnaw and carry away the dried blubber of the chiefs. I gnaw and carry away the wild onions of the chiefs. The activity of the mouse is symbolic of the distribution of wealth by the powerful chief.
pg. 118 begins above

1.1107
hineeʔiʔaƛ 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they entered the house 
ħaatħaakʷaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman.pl 
young women 
čiisčiisšiʔaƛ 
čiisčiisšiƛ 
do sway-dancing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were doing sway-dancing 
. 

The young women then came in sway-dancing.

1.1108
ħaayiiʔiʔaƛ 
ħaayiiʔiƛ 
all enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all now entered the house 
qʷam̉aačinkʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all of them together 
ħaatħaakʷaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman.pl 
young women 
. 

All of the young women entered the house.

1.1109
wiksii 
wik 
not 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I did not 
čaani 
čaani 
at first 
at first 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
ʔaanaħisasi 
ʔaanaħi 
just 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I only did just 
čaani 
čaani 
at first 
first 
nuunuksa 
DUP- 
REP 
nuu 
sing 
-sasa 
only [L] 
sing burden syllables 
. 

I did not sing the words at first, I only sang burden syllables.

1.1110
čiisčiisšiʔaƛ 
čiisčiisšiƛ 
do sway-dancing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started to sway-dance 
ħaatħaakʷaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young women 
. 

The young women started to sway-dance.

1.1111
ciqsaap̉aƛaħ 
ciqsaap 
have s.o. speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I then had him speak 
kicaaħin 
kicaaħin 
Mr. Bill 
Mr. Bill 
. 

I then had Mr. Bill speak.

1.1112
p̉išaqukweʔin 
p̉išaq 
very bad 
-uk 
POSS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
its are bad 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʕimtỷak 
ʕimtỷak 
lyrics 
words 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
ħaw̉eeħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chiefs! 
ʔuuc̉ap̉atweʔincuk 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔincuk 
2s.QT 
it belongs to your 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
mind 
minds 
ƛuɬʔapquucsuu 
ƛuɬʔap 
think highly of 
-quu1 
3.CND 
=csuu 
go and ... [Pl.] 
if you approve of it 
ʕimtšiƛquu 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that one sings the words 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
wikquučƛaa 
wik 
not 
-quuč 
3.CND 
=ƛaa 
again 
or not do 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
. 

"The words of this song are bad, Chiefs, he leaves it up to you if it is all right to sing the words or not.

1.1113
ciiʕiʔap̉ataħ 
ciiʕiʔap 
have to ask permission 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I have to ask permission 
qʷaaʔatiicsuu 
qʷaa 
how 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
=csuu 
go and ... [Pl.] 
how might be yours 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
mind 
mind 
. 

I am required to ask your decision."

1.1114
ciqšiʔaƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he spoke now 
ʕimtšiʔat 
ʕimtšiʔat 
Mentioned-by-name 
Mentioned-by-name 
. 

Mentioned-by-Name spoke.

1.1115
he 
hee 
say! 
heh 
ʕimtsaap̉i 
ʕimtsaap 
let s.o. sing words 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
let them sing words 
wikqaas 
wik 
not 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I am not 
tuuħuk 
tuuħuk 
afraid 
afraid 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
spoke 
ʕimtšiʔat 
ʕimtšiʔat 
Mentioned-by-name 
Mentioned-by-name 
. 

"O, let them sing the words, I am not afraid because I have the Wolf Ritual spirit", said Mentioned-by-name.
pg. 119 begins above

1.1116
haa 
haa 
haa! 
def.art. 
hušeek 
tušaak 
rascal 
-ee 
VOC 
you rascal 
wik̉aƛħʔi 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
don't do! 
waawasa 
wawaa 
converse 
-sasa 
precisely [L] 
really say it 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
speaking 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
. 

"Hah, you fool, don't you really say it", said Big Joe.

1.1117
tuuħukʷaħ 
tuuħuk 
afraid 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am afraid 
siỷa 
siỷa 
I 
I 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
. 

"I, for my part, am afraid" he said.

1.1118
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
it is 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
speaking 
ʔuuʔukčima 
ʔuuʔukči 
side with 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he sided with him 
ʕimtšiʔat 
ʕimtšiʔat 
Tutuutsh 
Tutuutsh 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
ʕimtsaapmiħsa 
ʕimtsaap 
let s.o. sing words 
-miħsa 
want 
he wanted them to sing the words 
. 

Brings-ten-on-his-back spoke, siding with Tutuutsh; he wanted them to sing the words.

1.1119
ʔayaaƛ 
ʔaya 
many 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
there were many 
wikmiħsapʔi 
wik 
not 
-miħsa 
want 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who did not want it 
ʕimtšiƛquu 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that one sings the words 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʔuušʔaƛ 
ʔuuš 
some 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
but some did 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
ʕimtsaap̉i 
ʕimtsaap 
let s.o. sing words 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
let them sing words 
wikaaħ 
wik 
not 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am not 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
tuuħuk 
tuuħuk 
afraid 
afraid 
ƛuukʷaanamaħ 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual member 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am a Wolf Ritual member 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
wawaaɬyaƛ 
wawaaɬyu 
be saying (pl.) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were saying 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ʔuuš 
ʔuuš 
some 
some 
. 

Many did not want the words to be sung, but some, including women, said, "Let them sing the words, I am not afraid, I have Wolf Ritual spirit".

1.1120
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
and then I did 
nuuʔiʔaƛsi 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I started singing 
ʔiiqħʔiʔaƛ 
ʔiq 
same 
-ˀiƛ 
take [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
taking up the same one 
. 

Then I took up the same song.

1.1121
ʕimtšiƛ̉asʔaƛsi 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I am going to sing the words 
. 

I was going to sing the words.

1.1122
ʔeʔimʔap̉atin 
ʔeʔim 
as soon as 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we did so as soon as 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
be silent 
they were silent 
ʕimtʕimta 
ʕimtʕimta 
singing words 
singing the words 
. 

We did so just as soon as they were silent from singing the words.

1.1123
huu 
huu 
ho 
huu 
pisatšiʔaƛ 
pisatšiƛ 
move around 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they moved around 
. 

Huu, they got into motion.

1.1124
puuyiiʔiʔaƛ 
puuyiiʔiƛ 
rush into house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they rushed into the house 
ʔiʔiinaxiʔi 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔiinaxi 
dress up 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who were dressed up 
ƛ̉icaʕukʷin̉ak 
ƛ̉icaʕukʷin̉akʷ 
Mouse or Rat dance 
Mouse dance 
. 

Those who were dressed for the Mouse dance rushed into the house.

1.1125
suukʷitaƛ̉atsuk 
suukʷita 
dance-helpers 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-suˑk 
2s.ABS 
they were dance helpers to you 
. 

They were dance helpers to you (Alex).

1.1126
ʔuʔiħtiɬ 
ʔuʔiħta 
be in the lead 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
he was in the lead 
t̉uuxmis 
t̉uuxmis 
Murdering-along-the-coast 
Bearhead Joe 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
he was 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
mother 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
qʷiƛ̉iinim 
qʷiƛ̉iinim 
Dick 
Old Dick 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ɬapiʔiimit 
ɬaapinaanux 
Chinook Jack 
-(m)it 
former 
Chinook Jack 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
k̉ʷaasawin 
k̉ʷaasawin 
Big George 
Big George 
muuqumɬ 
muu 
four 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
four 
ʔumʔiiqsuqʷapuɬ 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
-(q)apuɬ 
represent 
they represented mothers 
. 

Bearhead Joe was leading as a mother mouse; also Dick, Chinook Jack and Big George - all four of them represented mothers.
pg. 120 begins above

1.1127
ħačatak 
ħačat 
all 
all did 
ʕaʕakỷak̉ʷaqƛn̉ukm̉inħ 
DUP- 
PL 
ʕakỷak̉ʷaqƛn̉uk 
hold knife in hand 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
they were holding knives in their hands 
muu 
muu 
four 
four 
. 

All four were holding knives in their hands.

1.1128
ʔuucsaqsuɬʔatma 
ʔuucsaqsuɬ 
take in the mouth 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
they were taken away in their (wolves?) mouths 
ʕimtšiƛmiħsimtʔi 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
-miħsa 
want 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who wanted the words sung 
ʕimtšiʔat 
ʕimtšiʔat 
Mentioned-by-name 
Mentioned-by-name 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
. 

Mentioned-by-Name and Brings-ten-on-his-back, the ones who wanted the words sung, were bitten away.

1.1129
čiχʷiisc̉upiʔat 
čiχʷisc̉upiƛ 
drag out to middle of floor 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were dragged to the middle of the room 
sitχkʷaʔap̉atuk 
sitχkʷaʔap 
tear to pieces 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
theirs were torn up 
yayaaqʷʔičʔitq 
DUP- 
PL 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(č̉,k̉ʷ)ʔič 
clothed in... 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they are clothed in 
ʔaktkʷaỷap̉atuk 
ʔaktkʷaỷap 
gnaw to pieces 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
IMPF 
gnaw to pieces 
. 

They were hooked and dragged to the centre of the room, their clothing was torn and gnawed to pieces.

1.1130
hiɬpiqƛiħʔap̉at 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-piqƛ 
in the centre 
-ħ1 
PL [Dur] 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they did so to them in the middle of the room 
tutušqpaɬšiƛm̉inħʔat 
tutušqpaɬšiƛ 
bunch together 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they bunched together 
. 

They bunched around them in the middle of the room.

1.1131
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
wiinappiʔaƛ 
wiinappiƛ 
remain in house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they stopped 
hišimyipiʔaƛ 
hišimyipiƛ 
assemble in a house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they gathered together in the house 
qʷam̉aačinkʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all together 
. 

They stopped and all gathered together in the house.

1.1132
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
wiinappiƛ 
wiinapi 
stop 
-‘ipiƛ 
in the house 
stop 
muuʔii 
muu 
four 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the four 
ʔuʔumʔiqsum̉inħ 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
mothers 
hiisimɬiicm̉inħʔaƛ 
hisimɬ 
go about 
-(w)iic 
along an edge [L] 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were going around  
yackaa 
yackaa 
stepping rapidly 
stepping rapidly 
. 

The four mothers did not stop, they danced round them in rapid steps.

1.1133
n̉aapsaħi 
n̉apsaˑ 
all in same way 
-ħiˑ 
IMPF 
all were alike 
maamaaƛiic 
maamaaƛiic 
wrap around the head 
wrapping around the head 
hisyuu 
hisyuu 
shredded cedar bark 
shredded cedar bark 
kaakaačʕaqƛsat̉a 
DUP- 
PL 
kaačʕaqƛsat̉a 
have hair in knot at the forehead 
all having their hair in a knot at the forehead 
. 

All alike had shredded cedar bark tied around the head and knots tied at the forehead.

1.1134
kakapaɬšiʔaƛ 
kakapaɬšiƛ 
stick out on sides 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they stuck in 
ʔaƛc̉iq 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
two 
ʕiyaaɬ 
ʕiyaaɬ 
feather 
feathers 
. 

Two feathers were stuck in.

1.1135
tuutmisuuħ 
tumisuɬ 
blacken the face.pl 
they blackened their faces 
n̉uupiquuħ 
n̉uupiquɬ 
all over the face.pl 
all over their faces 
. 

They blackened their faces all over.
pg. 121 begins below

1.1136
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
tasasiʔaƛ 
tasasiƛ 
rub on a surface 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they rub on 
ƛ̉icmis 
ƛ̉icmis 
white powder 
white powder 
ʔaanačan̉uʕiħteʔitq 
ʔaanačan̉uʕiħta 
all along the nose 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one all along the nose 
ƛ̉iican̉uʕiħtinƛ 
ƛ̉iican̉uʕiħtinƛ 
put white along the nose 
put white along the nose 
. 

White powder was rubbed all along the nose, making a white line.

1.1137
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔaʔamasʔi 
ʔaʔamas 
cheek 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
on the cheeks 
tasasiʔaƛ 
tasasiƛ 
rub on a surface 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they rub on 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ƛ̉icmis 
ƛ̉icmis 
white powder 
white powder 
t̉aaqyaak 
t̉aaqyaakʷ 
straight line 
straight line 
himtaapi 
himtaapi 
crosswise 
crosswise 
. 

And then they rub white powder in a straight line crosswise on the cheeks.

1.1138
takʷaaʔaƛ 
takʷa 
exclusively that 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they had exclusively that 
tupkaɬ 
tupkaaɬ 
black blanket 
black blankets 
ʔuʔuk̉ʷič 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔuk̉ʷič 
wearing 
wearing 
ƛ̉iƛ̉isʔič 
DUP- 
PL 
ƛ̉isuk 
white 
-(č̉,k̉ʷ)ʔič 
clothed in... 
wearing white 
ƛiƛiħʔaqƛ 
ƛiƛiħʔaqƛ 
shirt 
shirts 
. 

All had black blankets and a white shirt.

1.1139
ƛ̉isukƛaa 
ƛ̉isuk 
white 
=ƛaa 
also 
they also had white 
qaatỷapt̉eʔi 
qaỷapt̉a 
leg.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
legs 
ƛ̉iƛ̉isʔič 
DUP- 
PL 
ƛ̉isuk 
white 
-(č̉,k̉ʷ)ʔič 
clothed in... 
wearing white 
ƛišƛiqỷak 
ƛišƛiqỷakʷ 
pants 
pants 
. 

Their legs were clad in white pants.

1.1140
ʔuum̉aapaƛ 
ʔuum̉aap 
go so far 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went so far 
tupkaɬʔi 
tupkaaɬ 
black blanket 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the black blankets 
hitaakƛiʔi 
hitaakƛi 
rump 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
to their backsides 
ɬiicχmaɬapiʕakƛak 
ɬiicχmaɬapiʕakƛi 
flap at the backside 
-ˀak 
POSS 
flapping at the backside 
. 

Their black blankets extended to the backside, flapping about there.

1.1141
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
ʔiinaxi 
ʔiinaxi 
dress up 
they were dressed up 
n̉aapsaħi 
n̉apsaˑ 
all in same way 
-ħiˑ 
IMPF 
all were that way 
. 

Thus they were arrayed, all alike.

1.1142
ʔanaaƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was only 
muuʔii 
muu 
four 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the four 
ʔuʔumʔiqsu 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
mothers 
mucmuħaq 
mucmuħaq 
bearskin 
bearskin 
ʔuʔuk̉ʷič̉aƛ 
DUP- 
DIST 
ʔuk̉ʷič 
wearing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
each wearing 
ʕaʕakỷak̉ʷaqƛn̉uk̉ʷaƛ 
DUP- 
DIST 
ʕakỷak̉ʷaqƛn̉uk 
hold knife in hand 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
each holding a knife in the hand 
. 

But the four mothers wore bearskins and each held a knife.

1.1143
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
it was 
ʔiiħʔaƛ 
ʔiiħʷ 
very 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
very much 
ʔuutʔuušmaqak 
CVt- 
PL 
ʔuušmaqakʷ 
terrible 
fearful 
. 

They were very fearful.

1.1144
ʔaƛa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
two 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
ʔaktkʷaỷap̉atuk 
ʔaktkʷaỷap 
gnaw to pieces 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
IMPF 
theirs were gnawed to pieces 
mišɔɔn 
mišɔɔn 
shawl 
shawls 
yaqm̉inħitʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who did so 
ʕimtšiƛmiħsap 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
-miħsa 
want 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
they wanted the words sung 
. 

They also gnawed to bits the shawls of the two women who wanted the words sung.
pg. 122 begins here

1.1145
waawaawaawaa 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
. 

"Waa waa waa waa", they said.

1.1146
ƛakišiƛm̉inħʔaƛ 
ƛakišiƛ 
stand up 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all stood up 
kʷaačiʔaƛ 
kʷaačiƛ 
back up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they backed up 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were doing  
ƛ̉icaʕukʷin̉ak 
ƛ̉icaʕukʷin̉akʷ 
Mouse or Rat dance 
Mouse dance 
. 

All the mouse dancers then stood up and backed away.

1.1147
puuqƛpiʔaƛ 
puuqƛpiƛ 
rush into the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they rushed into 
ɬiicapiɬʔaƛʔi 
ɬiicsapi 
screen 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the screen 
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
hiiɬsʔatuʔi 
hiiɬsʔatu 
at the door 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
at the door 
. 

Then they rushed into the hanging screen at the door.

1.1148
ɬakšiʔič 
ɬakšiƛ 
pitiful 
-ˀiˑč2 
2p>3.IMP 
it serves you right! 
wikitħin 
wik 
not 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ħin3 
1p.INTERR 
didn't we say? 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
wik̉ap̉i 
wik 
not 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
don't let them do it 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the words 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
waawaaɬpaɬšiƛm̉inħʔaƛ̉at 
waawaaɬpaɬšiƛ 
say (Pl) to one 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said to them 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
those 
sitχkʷačyakʔičm̉inħʔaƛʔi 
sitχkʷačyu 
be torn up 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(č̉,k̉ʷ)ʔič 
clothed in... 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones whose clothes had been torn up 
. 

"Serves you right, didn't we say, 'don't let them sing the words'", they said to the ones whose clothes were torn to bits.

1.1149
t̉aqiiʔap̉aƛsi 
t̉aqiiʔap 
pay 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then paid him 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʕimtšiʔat 
ʕimtšiʔat 
Tutuutsh 
Tutuutsh 
ʔuyiiʔaƛsi 
ʔuyii 
give 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I gave him 
t̉aqink 
t̉aqinkʷ 
double blanket 
double blanket 
ƛ̉isaɬ 
ƛ̉isaˑɬ 
blanket 
blanket 
yaaɬʔat 
yaaɬ 
that 
-ˀat 
PASS 
though 
c̉awaač̉ičit 
c̉awaač̉ič 
single thickness cloth 
-it1 
on the body 
a single one 
wašaɬʔaƛukʷitƛaa 
wašaɬ 
worn-out blanket 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ƛaa 
also 
also his was a worn out blanket 
. 

Then I repaid Tutuutsh, I gave him a double blanket though his had been single and well worn.

1.1150
qʷissiiƛaa 
qʷis 
do thus 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I also did so 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
t̉aqinkʷayisiƛaa 
t̉aqinkʷ 
double blanket 
-ayiˑ 
give 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I also gave him a double blanket 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
there 
there 
ỷuuqʷaamit 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-(m)it 
PAST 
although 
c̉awaač̉ič 
c̉awaač̉ič 
single thickness cloth 
single thickness cloth 
. 

I also gave Brings-ten-on-his-back a double one though his had been single.

1.1151
qʷissiiƛaa 
qʷis 
do thus 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I also did so 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
refer to 
ɬuucsaamiiħʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the women 
ʔaƛa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
two 
ʔuʔuuyiisiƛaa 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔuyii 
give 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
also 
I also gave 
susuč̉aqimỷaqƛʔi 
DUP- 
DIST 
suč̉a 
five 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ˀaqƛ1 
inside 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones worth five (dollars) each 
mišɔɔn 
mišɔɔn 
shawl 
shawl 
c̉uỷuušuk 
c̉ušuk 
new 
new 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
there 
although 
wašaɬm̉inħʔaƛukʷit 
wašaɬ 
worn-out blanket 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
theirs were worn-out blankets 
ʔaʔaƛqimỷisckʷak 
DUP- 
DIST 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ˀiˑs1 
cost 
-ckʷiˑ 
remains of... 
-ˀak 
POSS 
each of theirs cost two (dollars) 
. 

To the two women I also gave new shawls, each worth five dollars, although their old, worn ones had cost two dollars.
pg. 123 begins above

1.1152
ʔunuuʔaƛsi 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I did because 
qʷis 
qʷis 
do thus 
do thus 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuħqaa 
ʔuħ 
is 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it is 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
tupaatiʔi 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the topati 
. 

I did that because that is how the ceremony goes.

1.1153
ʔiiħw̉aqƛ 
ʔiiħw̉aqƛ 
costly 
it is costly 
ʔuun̉ak̉at 
ʔuun̉akʷ 
dance 
-ˀat 
PASS 
do the dance 
yaaqcpaaʔak̉ap 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-cpaˑ2 
go over 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
which is far over 
huʔayii 
huʔayi 
give back 
pay back 
haɬaačiƛ 
haɬaačiƛ 
pay 
paying 
. 

It costs a lot to do that dance, one pays back far more than the value.

1.1154
wikʔaɬʔaƛ 
wikʔaɬ 
not know 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not know 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
qʷaaw̉it̉asʔitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-w̉it̉as1 
about to 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they would do 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ƛ̉iicaʕukʔi 
ƛ̉icaʕuk 
mouse 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
mice 
. 

The people had not known what the mice would do.

1.1155
nuuʔiʔaƛsiƛaa 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I sang again 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
. 

Again I sang.

1.1156
ħasiikniƛaa 
ħasiikʷ1 
finish 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
we finished again 
ʕimtʕimta 
ʕimtʕimta 
singing words 
singing the words 
. 

We finished singing the words again.

1.1157
pisatšiʔaƛƛaa 
pisatšiƛ 
move around 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they moved around 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ƛ̉iicaʕukʔi 
ƛ̉icaʕuk 
mouse 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
mice 
. 

Again the mice got into motion.

1.1158
nasqšiʔaƛƛaa 
nasqšiƛ 
beat time 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they started beating time again 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

The people started beating time again.

1.1159
kiikikikiki 
puuxpuuxšiʔaƛƛaa 
puuxpuuxšiƛ 
start blowing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they start blowing 
yaqc̉uqʷam̉inħʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-c̉uqʷa 
in the mouth 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they had in their mouths 
kiikỷakm̉inħ 
kiikỷakʷ 
mouth whistle 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
whistles 
. 

They started blowing the whistles they had in their mouths again, "Kiikikikiki".

1.1160
ħimqeeʔi 
ħimqaa 
look out 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
look out! 
wawaaɬyaƛ 
wawaaɬyu 
be saying (pl.) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were saying 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ħamatsap̉aƛ̉i 
ħamatsap 
realize 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
realise that it is so! 
ʔuušmaqakma 
ʔuušmaqakʷ 
terrible 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is terrible 
ƛuukʷaaneʔi 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

The people kept saying, "Dodge, can't you see the Wolf Ritual is fearsome?".

1.1161
hiiỷaaqstaƛ 
hiiỷaaqsta 
amongst 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she was among them 
suwaayukquuʔuƛ 
suwaayukquuʔuƛ 
Thundering-on-point-of-rock 
Mrs. Douglas 
ʔumʔi 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
mother 
. 

Mrs. Douglas, your mother, was among them.
Referrring to me (AT)
pg. 124 begins below

1.1162
ʔiqsuuqƛ̉atsuk 
ʔiqsuuqƛ 
still in womb 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-suˑk 
2s.ABS 
you were still in her womb 
yaaqt̉uuɬaqas 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-t̉uuɬa 
give a potlatch for ... [L] 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
for whom I was giving the potlatch 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
big 
ħaacħuuɬa 
ħaacħuuɬa 
display wealth 
display wealth 
n̉iƛaak̉ap 
n̉iƛaakʷ 
be excited 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
making them excited 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

Still in her womb were you, in whose honour I was displaying great wealth and had the Tsishaa and Huupachas all excited.

1.1163
kaaƛħsap̉aƛsi 
kaaƛħsap 
introduce 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I was introducing 
suw̉a 
suw̉a 
you (sg) 
you 
. 

I was introducing you.

1.1164
ʔucačiʔaƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it went to 
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
ƛ̉iicaʕuk 
ƛ̉icaʕuk 
mouse 
mouse 
ʔaminkʷiɬʔi 
ʔaaminkʷiɬ 
corner 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
in the corner 
. 

A mouse went to the corner.

1.1165
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
there 
there 
suu 
suu 
hold 
it held 
niisaak 
niisaˑkʷ 
sack 
sack 
sapnin 
sapnin 
flour 
flour 
ʕapkʷaħuɬ 
ʕapkʷaħawiɬ 
hug to the chest 
hugging to the chest 
. 

It held a sack of flour to its breast.

1.1166
ʔucačiƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
it went to 
ƛaʔuu 
ƛaʔuˑ 
other 
other 
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
ƛaʔuuʔi 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
another 
ʔaminkʷiɬ 
ʔaaminkʷiɬ 
corner 
corner 
yaaɬƛaa 
yaaɬ 
there 
=ƛaa 
again 
again there 
ʕapkʷaħuɬ 
ʕapkʷaħawiɬ 
hug to the chest 
hugging to the chest 
sapnin 
sapnin 
flour 
flour 
n̉upħtaak 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
one container 
. 

And there went another to another corner and held a sack of flour to its chest.

1.1167
pisatšiʔaƛ 
pisatšiƛ 
move around 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they moved around 
ƛ̉iicaʕuk 
ƛ̉icaʕuk 
mouse 
mice 
ʔaktaawiičiʔaƛ 
ʔaktaawiičiƛ 
begin to gnaw at 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began gnawing away at 
sapnin 
sapnin 
flour 
flour 
. 

The mice got moving, gnawing away the flour.

1.1168
ʔuuʔiiħuʔiɬʔap̉aƛ 
ʔuuʔiiħuʔiɬʔap 
place before 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they placed it before 
hinaħuʔiɬʔi 
hinaħawiɬ 
front 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
at the front 
ƛameʔi 
ƛama 
housepost 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
housepost 
teeʔisim 
teeʔisim 
Beach-Pole (housepost) 
Beach-Pole 
. 

They were placing it in front of Beach-Pole, the house-post.

1.1169
ʔaaktc̉upiƛšiʔaƛ 
ʔaaktc̉upiƛšiƛ 
gnaw in the middle of the room 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were gnawing it in the middle of the room  
ƛ̉iƛ̉ick̉uk 
ƛ̉iƛ̉ick̉uk 
flour 
flour 
. 

They were gnawing the flour to the middle of the room.

1.1170
n̉iƛstiiɬ 
n̉iƛstiiɬ 
fall backwards on bed 
they fell backwards on bed 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
w̉aaʔakšiƛ 
w̉aaʔakšiƛ 
be ashamed 
being ashamed 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the great amount of 
sapnin 
sapnin 
flour 
flour 
hiitac̉upiƛ 
hitac̉upiƛ 
bring to centre of room 
brought to the centre of the room 
ỷimħšiƛ 
ỷimħšiƛ 
be ashamed 
being ashamed 
. 

People fell backwards on the bed platforms, shamed by the great amount of flour brought to the centre of the room.

1.1171
ʔaƛiiqħtac̉upitap 
ʔaƛiiq 
forty 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-c̉uˑ1 
in container 
-‘ipitap 
in the house 
they took forty containers onto the floor 
niisaak 
niisaˑkʷ 
sack 
sack 
sapnin 
sapnin 
flour 
flour 
. 

They took out forty sacks of flour.

1.1172
waawaawaa 
waaʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they said again 
. 

"Waa waa waa", they said again.

1.1173
puʔakʷačiʔaƛƛaa 
puuʔakʷačiƛ 
run away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again ran away 
pukst̉iinuʔaƛƛaa 
pukst̉iinawiƛ 
run behind a screen (Pl) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
running behind the wall 
ɬicapiɬʔi 
ɬiicsapi 
screen 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the screen 
ƛ̉iicaʕukʔi 
ƛ̉icaʕuk 
mouse 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
mice 
. 

The mice again rushed behind the screen.
pg. 125 begins here

1.1174
ʔaƛiiqħtac̉upiƛma 
ʔaƛiiq 
forty 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-c̉upiƛ1 
do in the middle of the floor 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
forty containers had now come out in the middle of the floor 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
niisaak 
niisaˑkʷ 
sack 
sacks 
. 

Forty sacks had now come out.

1.1175
hukseeʔim 
huksaa 
be counting 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
keep count of it! 
waaʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
he said again 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
speaking 
kicaaħin 
kicaaħin 
Mr. Bill 
Mr. Bill 
. 

Mr. Bill spoke again and said, "Keep count of it".

1.1176
nuuʔiƛsiƛaa 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I started singing 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that 
. 

Then I started singing.

1.1177
ʕimtʕimtšiƛniƛaa 
ʕimtʕimtšiƛ 
begin singing words 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
again we began singing the words 
. 

We sang the words again.

1.1178
ʔeeʔimsap̉aƛ̉atniƛaa 
ʔeʔim 
as soon as 
-sap 
GRD.CAUS [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
as soon as we do so 
ħaaħaaħinƛ 
ħaaħaaħinƛ 
go through all 
go through all of them 
ʔanaakʔitq 
ʔana 
thus much 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
thus many of them 
ʕimtʕimtaỷak 
ʕimtʕimtaỷakʷ 
lyrics/words of song 
words of the song 
pisatšiʔaƛƛaa 
pisatšiƛ 
move around 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they moved around 
ƛ̉iicaʕuk 
ƛ̉icaʕuk 
mouse 
mice 
. 

As soon as we got to the end of the words, the mice got into motion again.

1.1179
naỷiiʔak̉aƛ 
naỷii 
at once 
-akʷ 
IMPF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
immediately they did 
puc̉uupiƛ 
puc̉uupiƛ 
run in a group to the centre of the room 
running to the centre of the room 
kikikikikikikiki 
wawaaqčik 
wawaa 
say 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
going along saying 
. 

From the start they ran to the middle of the room saying, "Kikikikikikiki".

1.1180
ʔucačiʔaƛƛaa 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
ʔaƛa 
two 
=ƛaa 
=again 
again they went to 
hiyiiɬʔitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where there was in the room 
ʔayaƛaa 
ʔaya 
many 
=ƛaa 
again 
again much 
sapnin 
sapnin 
flour 
flour 
yaaɬƛaa 
yaaɬ 
there 
=ƛaa 
again 
again there 
ʕaʕapkʷaħuuħ 
DUP- 
DIST 
ʕapkʷaħawiɬ 
hug to the chest.pl 
each hugged to the chest 
takčiiħuɬ 
takʷ 
each 
-či2 
at 
-aˑħawiɬ 
at the breast 
each holding at the breast 
n̉upħtaak 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
one container 
sapnin 
sapnin 
flour 
flour 
. 

Again they went to where the quantity of flour was and each held a sack to his breast.

1.1181
nasqaaʔaƛ 
nasqaa 
beating 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were beating time 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

The people were beating time.

1.1182
ʔaƛiiqc̉upitapƛaa 
ʔaƛiiq 
forty 
-c̉uˑ1 
in container 
-‘ipitap 
in the house 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they brought out forty  
niisaak 
niisaˑkʷ 
sack 
sacks 
sapnin 
sapnin 
flour 
flour 
. 

Again they brought out forty sacks of flour.

1.1183
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
waawaawaawaa 
waaʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they said again 
puʔakʷačiʔaƛƛaa 
puuʔakʷačiƛ 
run away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again ran away 
ƛ̉iicaʕukʔi 
ƛ̉icaʕuk 
mouse 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
mice 
. 

Then the mice said, "Waa waa waa waa", and ran away.

1.1184
ʔaʔayak̉ukšiʔaƛ 
ʔaʔayak̉ukšiƛ 
look like a lot 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it now looked like a lot 
sapninʔi 
sapnin 
flour 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the flour 
muyiiqħtak 
muyiiq 
eighty 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
eighty sacks of 
ʔinštisyaqiɬ 
ʔinštis 
no matter 
-yuˑ 
...-ed 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
there were on the floor everywhere 
tuʔiɬ 
tuʔiɬ 
strew about the floor 
strewn on the floor 
. 

The flour now looked like a great amount, eighty sacks strewn helter-skelter on the floor.
pg. 126 begins here

1.1185
ʔaʔayak̉ukšiʔaƛ 
ʔaʔayak̉ukšiƛ 
look like a lot 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it now looked like a lot 
tuʔiɬʔi 
tuʔiɬ 
strew about the floor 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
that which was strewn about the floor 
sapnin 
sapnin 
flour 
flour 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔayaqa 
ʔaya 
many 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that were many 
muyiiqħtak 
muyiiq 
eighty 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
eighty sacks of 
niisaak 
niisaˑkʷ 
sack 
sacks 
. 

The flour that was strewn about on the floor looked like a lot because it was, eighty sacks of it.

1.1186
wikʕaƛimỷawiʔaƛ 
wikʕaƛimỷawiƛ 
become silent 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they then became silent 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
ỷimħšiʔaƛ 
ỷimħšiƛ 
be ashamed 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were ashamed 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
wikỷuunakqa 
wikỷuu 
not yet 
-naˑkʷ 
COMPL 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that they had not yet done so 
qʷaaʔap 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
do 
. 

The Tsishaa were silent, ashamed, because none of them had ever done such a thing.

1.1187
kamat̉ap̉aƛħasuu 
kamat̉ap 
know 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑsuu 
2p.INTERR 
do you all know? 
qʷam̉iiqħtakii 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-iiq(ʷ)2 
... score 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
how many scores of sacks there were 
hiiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
niisaak 
niisaˑkʷ 
sack 
sacks 
haʔumʔi 
haʔum 
food 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the food 
wikitħasuu 
wik 
not 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ħaˑsuu 
2p.INTERR 
didn't you do? 
huksaa 
huksaa 
be counting 
counting 
waaʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
he said again 
kicaaħin 
kicaaħin 
Mr. Bill 
Mr. Bill 
. 

"Do you know how many sacks of food there are there, did you not count it?", said Mr. Bill.

1.1188
hayuxʷawiʔatin 
hayuxʷawiƛ 
be confused 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
ours are confused 
qasii 
qasii 
eye 
eyes 
qʷaamin 
qʷaa 
thus 
-(m)in 
1p IND 
we are as though 
mInterlinšiʔatqun 
mInterlinšiƛ 
turn around 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
that ours were rolling around 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔaayuusimtqa 
ʔaya 
many 
-(y)uus1 
in residence 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that there were many there 
suuƛsuuya 
suuƛsuuya 
be holding 
holding 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔayasaqa 
ʔaya 
many 
-sasa 
precisely [L] 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that there were many 
wawaaɬyuučiʔaƛ 
wawaaɬyuučiƛ 
begin saying 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began saying 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

The people said, "Our eyes were confused, as though rolling around because there were too many taking it.

1.1189
ʔuunuuƛin 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
so we did 
hukskʷačiƛ 
hukskʷačiƛ 
lose count of 
lost count 
wik 
wik 
not 
not 
ħamat̉ap 
ħamat̉ap 
be aware 
know 
qʷam̉aayii 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
how many there might be 
. 

So we lost count and do not know how many there are.

1.1190
muyiiqħtakma 
muyiiq 
eighty 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
there are eighty containers 
hiiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
ʔaktckʷiiʔi 
ʔaktckʷii 
gnawings 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
gnawings 
waaʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
he said again 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
speaking 
kuukuupat 
kaakuupat 
Tommy Bill 
Mr. Bill 
. 

Mr. Bill responded, "Those gnawings there are eighty sacks".
pg. 127 begins below

1.1191
ʔuun̉ak̉ap̉im 
ʔuun̉akʷ 
dance 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
you must have the dance 
ƛ̉iicaʕuk 
ƛ̉icaʕuk 
mouse 
mice 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʔaayeʔinɬquuk 
ʔaayeʔinɬ 
feast with much 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
when you feast with much 
qʷaamitaħʔaaɬa 
qʷaa 
thus 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
for I always do so 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʔaayeʔinɬʔaƛquus 
ʔaayeʔinɬ 
feast with much 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
when you feast with much 
waaʔatweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said to them 
ʔuħʔat 
ʔuħʔat 
by 
by 
yaqckʷiiyiič 
yaqckʷiiʔitq 
ancestor 
-yiič 
3.INDF.REL 
who was his ancestor 
saayaač̉apisič̉a 
saayaač̉apis 
High-on-the-Beach 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the famous High-on-the-Beach 
hisaawist̉atħ 
hisaawist̉atħ 
Esowista people 
Esowista people 
waaʔap̉aƛsiƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I had him say 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
speaking 
kicaaħin 
kicaaħin 
Mr. Bill 
Mr. Bill 
. 

I also had Mr. Bill speak and say, "He was told by his Esowista ancestor, High- Above -Beach, 'You must have the mouse dance when you feast with a great amount of things, for I always did so when I was feasting big.

1.1192
c̉ac̉aħw̉aqƛiɬʔaƛukquus 
DUP- 
PL 
c̉aħw̉a 
litter 
-ˀaqƛ1 
inside 
-‘iɬ3 
on the floor 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
-quus 
1s.CND 
I used to have litters of them under 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
hicaakukqas 
hicaakʷ 
bed 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my bed 
ƛ̉iicaʕuk 
ƛ̉icaʕuk 
mouse 
mice 
. 

I used to have mice with litters under my bed.

1.1193
kikišħiɬʔaƛukquus 
DUP- 
PL 
kiš 
tremble 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-quus 
1s.CND 
mine used to be trembling 
w̉aqʔuqʷiɬ 
w̉aqʔuˑ 
go to feast 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
those who were seated at feast 
. 

My guests who were seated at feast used to tremble.

1.1194
ʔiqsuuqƛħʔap̉im 
ʔiqsuuqƛ 
still in womb 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
you do so while still in the womb 
ʕimtnaakšiƛ 
ʕimtnaakšiƛ 
receive a name 
receive a name 
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ħaw̉iɬqħʔaaqƛ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
will do so while being chief 
kaaʔucnakšiƛ 
kaaʔucnakšiƛ 
have a grandchild 
get to have a grandchild 
waaʔatweʔinƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
=ƛaa 
also 
he was being told 
. 

You receive a name while still in the womb that you will get to have a grandchild while being chief he was being told.

1.1195
waaʔap̉aƛsiƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I had him say 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
speaking 
kicaaħin 
kicaaħin 
Mr. Bill 
Mr. Bill 
ʔukɬaaʔap̉im 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
name him! 
nanasqmiɬ 
nanasqimɬ 
Always-beating-time 
Beats-Time 
. 

I also had Mr. Bill say: "name him Beats-Time."

1.1196
naasqnaasqap̉aƛsuk 
naasqnaasqa 
be beating time 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-suˑk 
2s.ABS 
you let them beat time with sticks 
qʷam̉aayuʔaɬʔitqak 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-(y)uʔaɬ 
see 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
all who you see 
wiina 
wiina 
canoe party 
canoe parties 
waaʔatweʔin 
waa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he said to them 
waaʔapsiƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I also had him told 
kicaaħin 
kicaaħin 
Mr. Bill 
Mr. Bill 
. 

Mr. Bill was also told, 'let all the dance parties you see in the house beat time with sticks'.

1.1197
wikaɬma 
wik 
not 
-aɬ2 
go along 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
they did not go along 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
hitac̉upiƛ 
hitac̉upiƛ 
bring to centre of room 
going to the centre of the room 
huksyuu 
huksyuu 
having counted 
being counted 
ħayuħtak 
ħayu 
ten 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
ten sacks 
niisaak 
niisaˑkʷ 
sack 
sacks 
sapnin 
sapnin 
flour 
flour 
yaqʷiɬinỷakii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-inỷu 
leave behind 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
that which remains behind 
yaʕiisʔaaqƛ̉aƛukʷii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀiˑs1 
eat 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
that which is to be eaten 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
hiinimɬuk̉ʷiikquu 
hiinuumaɬ 
be born 
-uk 
POSS 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when his will be born 
kaaʔuuc 
kaaʔuˑc 
grandchild 
grandchild 
waaʔap̉aƛsiƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I had him say 
kicaaħin 
kicaaħin 
Mr. Bill 
Mr. Bill 
. 

"There are ten sacks of flour that did not go along to the centre of the floor and get counted, that remains to be eaten when his grandchild is born" I had Mr. Bill say.
pg. 128 begins above

1.1198
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then 
n̉uššiʔaƛ 
n̉uššiƛ 
distribute property 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
handed out 
. 

Then I distributed it.

1.1199
ʔaktckʷee 
ʔaktckʷii 
gnawings 
-ee 
VOC 
it is gnawings 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he said now 
muun̉akin 
muun̉akin 
Watty Shewish 
Watty Shewish 
. 

"It is gnawings," Watty Shewish said now.

1.1200
n̉upħtayaƛ̉at 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-ayiˑ 
give 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was given one container full 
sapnin 
sapnin 
flour 
flour 
. 

He was given one sack of flour.

1.1201
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ɬuučm̉uumitʔi 
ɬuučm̉uup 
sister 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his late sister 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
n̉upħtayat 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-ayiˑ 
give 
-ˀat 
PASS 
she was given one container full 
niisaak 
niisaˑkʷ 
sack 
sack 
sapnin 
sapnin 
flour 
flour 
. 

And his late sister was also given one sack.

1.1202
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
n̉upħtaak 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
one container 
čučuuʔup 
čučuuʔup 
Shewish 
Shewish 
. 

And Shewish one sack.

1.1203
ʔaktckʷee 
ʔaktckʷii 
gnawings 
-ee 
VOC 
it is gnawings 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said now 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ʔaktckʷiiʔak 
ʔaktckʷii 
gnawings 
-ˀak 
POSS 
it is gnawings of 
nanasqmiɬ 
nanasqimɬ 
Always-beating-time 
Beats-Time 
waaʔaƛ̉atsuk 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-suˑk 
2s.ABS 
they said to you 
. 

"It is gnawings", they said, "it is the gnawings of Beats-Time" they said referring to you (Alex).
Referring to me (AT).

1.1204
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
ʔaktckʷee 
ʔaktckʷii 
gnawings 
-ee 
VOC 
it is gnawings 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was told now 
n̉uw̉iiqsimtʔi 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the late father 
ħaayuupinuuɬit 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
-(m)it 
former 
the late Brings-ten-on-his-back 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
n̉upħtanakšiƛ 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
he received one sack 
. 

Also the late father of Brings-ten-on-back was told, "it is gnawings", and he also received one sack.

1.1205
muuħtapiƛ 
muu 
four 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-‘ipiƛ 
in the house 
they got four sacks 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
maʔasʔi 
maʔas 
tribe 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the band 
. 

That family received four sacks.

1.1206
ʔaktckʷee 
ʔaktckʷii 
gnawings 
-ee 
VOC 
it is gnawings 
yackʷiseemɬ 
yackʷiseemɬ 
Jimmie Santo 
Jimmie Santo 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said now 
ʔaktckʷiiʔak 
ʔaktckʷii 
gnawings 
-ˀak 
POSS 
it is gnawings of 
nanasqmiɬ 
nanasqimɬ 
Always-beating-time 
Beats-Time 
. 

"Gnawings, Jimmy Santo, gnawings of Beats-Time", they said.

1.1207
ʔaktckʷii 
ʔaktckʷii 
gnawings 
gnawings 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said now to 
santu 
santu 
Santo 
Santo 
. 

"Gnawings", they said to Santo.

1.1208
n̉upħtaak 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
one container 
ʔaktckʷii 
ʔaktckʷii 
gnawings 
gnawings 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they told now 
taayiiʔakit 
taayii 
older brother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
the late older brother of 
ʕiʕičħta 
ʕiʕičħta 
Rotten-feet 
Peter Kiishkisha 
. 

"One sack of gnawings", they told the late older brother of Peter Kiishkisha.
pg. 129 begins above

1.1209
n̉upħtaak 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
one container 
ʔaktckʷii 
ʔaktckʷii 
gnawings 
gnawings 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said now to 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
. 

"One sack of gnawings", they said to Big Joe.

1.1210
n̉upħtaak 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
one container 
ʔaktckʷii 
ʔaktckʷii 
gnawings 
gnawings 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said now to 
ʕiʕičħta 
ʕiʕičħta 
Rotten-feet 
Peter Kiishkisha 
miɬak 
miɬakʷ 
alike 
and likewise 
ħaakʷaaƛukʷitʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his late daughter 
. 

"One container of gnawings," they said now to Peter Kiishkisha and likewise to his late daughter.

1.1211
n̉un̉upħtakuk̉ʷap̉at 
DUP- 
SUF 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-uk 
IMPF 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they gave one sack each 
ʔaktckʷii 
ʔaktckʷii 
gnawings 
gnawings 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he said now 
ʕimtšiʔat 
ʕimtšiʔat 
Mentioned-by-name 
Mentioned-by-name 
. 

"They were given one sack each of gnawings," Mentioned-by-name said now.

1.1212
ʔaktckʷii 
ʔaktckʷii 
gnawings 
gnawings 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they said now to 
kʷaacaapi 
kʷaacaapi 
Facing-back 
Captain Bill 
miɬak 
miɬakʷ 
alike 
and likewise 
ħaakʷaaƛukʷitʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his late daughter 
huupač̉asʔaqsupỷukšiƛ 
huupač̉asʔaqsupỷukšiƛ 
be born of a Huupachas woman 
be born of a Huupachas woman 
. 

"Gnawings", they said to Captain Bill and likewise to his late daughter, born of a Huupachas woman,

1.1213
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
qaɬaatikitʔi 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his late younger brother 
ƛ̉iỷiiħa 
ƛ̉iỷiiħa 
be shot to death 
who was shot to death 
miɬak 
miɬakʷ 
alike 
and likewise 
ħaakʷaaƛukʷitʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his late daughter 
ƛaħsawiʔaƛʔi 
ƛaħsawiƛ 
die recently 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who died recently 
kʷiyaactin 
kʷiyaactin 
Tommy Tutuutsh 
Tommy Tutuutsh 
yaqcħimtʔitq 
yaqcħi 
spouse 
-(m)it 
former 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the late spouse 
. 

Furthermore, his late younger brother who was shot to death, and likewise his late daughter, who was married to Tommy Tutuutsh and who died recently.

1.1214
ỷuuqʷaaʔaɬ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
=ʔaɬ 
PL 
they also did 
n̉un̉upħtakuk 
DUP- 
DIST 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-uk 
POSS 
one container each 
. 

They, too, received one sack each.

1.1215
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ɬaapħiitamit 
ɬaapħiitap 
Flap-wings-in-house 
-(m)it 
former 
the late Hlaaphiitap 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
t̉eeỷis 
t̉eeỷis 
Ambush-Trail 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
tayiiʕa 
tayiiʕa 
Long-Prong 
Long-Prong 
miɬakʔaɬ 
miɬakʷ 
alike 
=ʔaɬ 
PL 
they likewise did 
qačc̉a 
qacc̉a 
three 
three 
n̉un̉upħtakšiƛuk 
DUP- 
DIST 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-uk 
POSS 
each got one container full 
. 

Then the late Hlaaphiitap (Long-Prong's father) and Ambush-Trail and Long-Prong likewise all three got one sack each.

1.1216
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then there was 
tiipanit 
tiipat 
David 
-(m)it 
PAST 
the late David 
miɬak 
miɬakʷ 
alike 
and likewise 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
t̉an̉ackʷaƛʔi 
t̉an̉a 
child 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his daughter 
ỷuuqʷaaʔaɬ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
=ʔaɬ 
PL 
they also did 
n̉un̉upħtakšiƛuk 
DUP- 
DIST 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-uk 
POSS 
each got one container full 
. 

Then there was the late David and likewise his daughter, they also got one sack each.
pg. 130 begins here

1.1217
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
k̉upaaʔat 
k̉upaaʔat 
Tyee Bob 
Tyee Bob 
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he also did now 
ʔaƛħtaakšiƛuk 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-uk 
POSS 
he received two containers full 
miɬak̉aƛ 
miɬakʷ 
alike 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
and likewise 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ħaakʷaaƛukʷitʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his late daughter 
. 

Tyee Bob also received two sacks and likewise his late daughter.

1.1218
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
qʷaan̉itux 
qʷaan̉itux 
Tutuutsh 
Tutuutsh 
miɬak̉aƛ 
miɬakʷ 
alike 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
and likewise 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
t̉an̉aak 
t̉an̉a 
child 
-ˀak 
POSS 
his child 
kʷiyaactin 
kʷiyaactin 
Tommy Tutuutsh 
Tommy Tutuutsh 
n̉un̉upħtakšiʔaƛuk 
DUP- 
DIST 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
they each received one container full 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
. 

Kwaanituh (Tutuutsh) and his child Jimmy each received one sack.

1.1219
hiɬʕiʔat 
hiɬʕiƛ 
find to be present 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was found to be present 
taamsin 
taamsin 
Thompson 
Thomson 
yuuɬuʔiɬʔatħʔi 
yuuɬuʔiɬʔatħ 
Ucluelet people 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
the Ucluelet people 
ʔeʔim 
ʔeʔim 
at first 
at first 
qaqiiʔakšiƛ 
qaqiiʔakšiƛ 
be orphaned 
be orphaned 
. 

Thomson, the Ucluelet, who had just been orphaned was found present.

1.1220
ỷuuqʷaaʔapsi 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had him also do 
n̉upħtiis 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-ˀiˑs1 
consume 
take one container full 
. 

I had him take one sack.

1.1221
n̉uššiʔaƛ 
n̉uššiƛ 
distribute property 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was handed out 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
muyiiqčinƛ 
muyiiq 
eighty 
-či2 
at 
-inawiƛ1 
GRD [L+S] 
it went to eighty 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
. 

Then I distributed it to all the Tsishaa and Huupachas people, it went to eighty men.

1.1222
ħaaħuuƛ 
ħaaħawiƛ 
place all before 
all were placed before them 
muyiiqitʔi 
muyiiq 
eighty 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the eighty 
niisaak 
niisaˑkʷ 
sack 
sacks 
sapnin 
sapnin 
flour 
flour 
. 

All the eighty sacks of flour were placed before them.

1.1223
ƛaħʔaƛ 
ƛaħʷ 
at present 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
now it was 
ʔuušc̉aɬħaƛ 
ʔuušc̉aɬħi 
awe-inspiring 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
be awe-inspiring now 
hinaħuʔiɬ 
hinaħawiɬ 
front 
setting in front 
sapnin 
sapnin 
flour 
flour 
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
minkaa 
minkaa 
be all around 
it was all around 
ʔanaħʔitq 
ʔanaħʷ 
size 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
which was the size of 
maʔas 
maʔas 
house 
house 
ʔiiħukʷitqas 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my former big one 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
takčiiħuʔiɬ 
takʷ 
each 
-či2 
at 
-aˑħawiɬ 
in front of 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
placing in front of each 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

Now the distributed flour was impressive, set before each of the many people all around my former big house.
pg. 131 begins above

1.1224
ʕatiqšiʔaƛ 
ʕatiqšiƛ 
thank 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he thanked 
tiipat 
tiipat 
David 
David 
. 

David expressed his thanks.

1.1225
ỷuwaap̉aƛeʔic 
ỷuwaaʔap 
make s.o. thankful 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you have made us thankful 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
. 

"You have made us grateful, O chief", he said.

1.1226
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
ħaacħuuɬaƛħak 
ħaacħuuɬa 
display wealth 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
are you now showing off wealth? 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
ʔaasmacaqaƛħak 
ʔasma 
highborn child 
-caˑqa2 
pay attention 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
are you doing in honour of the highborn child? 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
. 

"Are you indeed displaying wealth in honour of a high-born person, O chief? he said.

1.1227
ʔeʔiičaʕinỷakʔaaqƛ̉aƛħak 
ʔiʔiičaʕinỷakʷ 
legend 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
will you be a legend? 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
. 

You will indeed be a legend.

1.1228
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
wikỷuu 
wikỷuu 
never 
never 
qʷaan̉ak̉uħ 
qʷaan̉ak̉uħ 
see the like of 
see the like of 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
. 

I have never seen the like of it.

1.1229
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
ʔiič̉imʔaƛ 
ʔiič̉im 
elder 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
am an old man 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔayapaɬukʷit 
ʔaya 
many 
-paɬ 
season of... 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
they gave many 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
yaqwiiʔitq 
yaqwii 
first 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were first 
ħaw̉iiħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chiefs 
. 

I am an old man, and the chiefs of old gave many Wolf Rituals.

1.1230
takeeʔis 
takaa 
nevertheless 
-ˀiˑs2 
2s>1.IMP 
nevertheless keep doing to me 
ʔiič̉iissinħap 
ʔič̉a 
lift up 
-‘is 
on the beach 
-sinħi 
try to ... [L] 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
try to keep us lifted up on the beach 
maʔas 
maʔas 
tribe 
tribe 
. 

Nevertheless keep trying to keep the tribe lifted up on the beach.

1.1231
qʷaasasama 
qʷaa 
thus 
-sasa 
precisely [L] 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is thus 
c̉aweeʔiħtinƛʔaaɬa 
c̉aweeʔiħtinƛ 
be one in the lead 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
there is always one in the lead 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
. 

It is always so, there is always one in the lead of the tribes.

1.1232
ʔiič̉aapap̉aƛeʔicas 
ʔiič̉aapap 
lift up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-eʔicas 
2p>1s.PRP 
you have lifted me up 
. 

You have lifted me up.
Still you elevate my tribe.

1.1233
č̉uučkiɬʔap̉aƛeʔicas 
č̉uučk 
all 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-eʔicas 
2p>1s.PRP 
you have made me do to all 
n̉ačiičʔis 
n̉ačiičʔis 
look down on 
look down on 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
yaqiis 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
I who am  
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
. 

You have made me, who is a Tsishaa tribesman, look down on all the tribes.

1.1234
t̉ikỷiiħiɬʔaƛħas 
t̉ikỷiiħa 
choke 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑs 
1s. INTERR 
am I choking now 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
hiɬaaħuʔiɬ 
hiɬaaħawiɬ 
in front of 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
in front of 
ħaw̉iɬmisʔi 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
wealth 
. 

Am I not choked with all this wealth before me?

1.1235
ʔani 
ʔana 
only 
only 
wik 
wik 
not 
it is not 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
hiiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
haʔumʔi 
haʔum 
food 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the food 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ħaw̉iɬmisqa 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it is wealth 
. 

This is not food but wealth.

1.1236
tuuħuuʔiɬʔaƛħas 
tuuħuuɬ 
scatter in front of 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑs 
1s. INTERR 
is it strewn in front of me? 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
. 

Isn't this money strewn before me!
pg. 132 begins here

1.1237
ʔačaqʔaaqƛ̉atħak 
ʔača 
who? 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
who of them will do so to you? 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
. 

Who among the tribes will do so to you?

1.1238
ỷuuqʷaamitaħ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I also have done so 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷaaʔap 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
do thus 
. 

I also have done so.

1.1239
waaʔat 
waa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it is said 
ħaw̉iiħukʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chiefs of 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
č̉uučktqasaʔaƛ 
č̉uučk 
all 
-(š,k)tqa 
underneath 
-sasa 
just [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
put underneath 
ħaw̉iiħukʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chiefs of 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
. 

It is said by the chiefs of the various tribes that you have placed all their chiefs under you.

1.1240
ƛ̉eekɔɔ 
ƛ̉eekuu 
thanks! 
thanks! 
ƛ̉eekɔɔ 
ƛ̉eekuu 
thanks! 
thanks! 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
. 

Thank you, thank you, Chief."

1.1241
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
ʔaaʔaanawama 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔana 
thus much 
-waˑ 
say [R] 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he spoke that length 
ʕatiqšiƛ 
ʕatiqšiƛ 
thank 
thanking 
tiipanit 
tiipat 
David 
-(m)it 
PAST 
the late David 
. 

Thus much the late David said in his thanking speech.

1.1242
ciqšiʔaƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he spoke now 
ʕimtšiʔat 
ʕimtšiʔat 
Tutuutsh 
Tutuutsh 
. 

Then Tutuutsh spoke.

1.1243
n̉aacsaaƛaħ 
n̉aacsa 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I now see it 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
ʔuušp̉aɬaƛaħ 
ʔuušp̉aɬa 
marvel at 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I marvel at this 
. 

"I now see, O Chief, I am looking on with admiration.

1.1244
ħaacħuuɬaƛħak 
ħaacħuuɬa 
display wealth 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
are you now showing off wealth? 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
. 

Are you not displaying wealth!

1.1245
kaaʔuccawinyuk̉ʷaƛħak 
kaaʔuˑc 
grandchild 
-cawinyuk 
do in honour of ... [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
are you doing in honour of your grandchild? 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
. 

Aren't you doing it in honour of your grandchild!

1.1246
ħaw̉iɬmaaʔaƛ̉aƛħak 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-maaʔaƛ 
intend to... 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
are you going to do while still being a chief? 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
kaaʔucnakšiƛ 
kaaʔucnakšiƛ 
have a grandchild 
get to have a grandchild 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔanimtħwaaỷin 
ʔana 
thus much 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
only they did so as is said 
. 

Aren't you going to have a grandchild while still a chief.

1.1247
huuʔaksimč̉a 
huuʔakʷ 
early 
-sim2 
lack 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
only very long ago they did 
ħaw̉iiħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chiefs 
ʔeʔiičaʕinỷak 
ʔiʔiičaʕinỷakʷ 
legend 
legend 
ʔiqsuuqƛħukʷič̉aʔaaɬa 
ʔiqsuuqƛ 
still in womb 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
they always did while he was still in the womb 
ʔuut̉uuɬa 
ʔuut̉uuɬa 
give a potlatch for ... 
giving a potlatch 
kaaʔuccawinyuk 
kaaʔuˑc 
grandchild 
-cawinyuk 
do in honour of ... [L] 
doing in honour of a grandchild 
. 

It is said that only very long ago did the chiefs of legend give feasts in honour of a grandchild still in the womb.

1.1248
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ƛaħʔaƛ 
ƛaħʷ 
at present 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
now have 
hiniip̉aƛ 
hiniip 
get 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
got now 
suutaqsakqħʔaƛ 
sut 
you [sg] 
-(y/w)aqsa(q) 
in ... generation [L] 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
you of this generation 
ʔaniyimč̉aʔaaɬa 
ʔana 
only 
-(y)iya 
at ... time 
-im1 
ABS 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
only when they would do 
qʷis 
qʷis 
do thus 
do thus 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
wikas 
wik 
not 
-as1 
reach 
not reach 
ʔaniičiʔaƛquuč 
ʔana 
only 
-iičiƛ 
INC 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quuč 
3.CND 
only when they would do 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
wealth 
chief 
. 

You have now attained in this generation what they would do only when they became wealthy beyond every one's reach.
pg. 133 begins below

1.1249
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛquuweʔin 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
and then they did 
ʔiqsuuqƛtip̉aƛ 
ʔiqsuuqƛ 
still in womb 
-(š)tiˑp 
do to while... 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
do while still in the womb 
ʕimtnaaksap̉aƛ 
ʕimtnaaksap 
give s.o. a name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
give a name to 
kaaʔucnakšiƛ̉asʔaƛquu 
kaaʔucnakšiƛ 
have a grandchild 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they were going to have a grandchild 
ʔaħn̉ii 
ʔaħn̉ii 
that 
that 
qʷisʔaƛʔitqak 
qʷis 
do thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
as you have done  
. 

They would then give a name to a future grandchild still in the womb, as you have done.

1.1250
wikħaak 
wik 
not 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
have you not done? 
ʕimtnaaksap̉aƛ 
ʕimtnaaksap 
give s.o. a name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
give a name to 
ʔiqsuuqƛtip̉aƛ 
ʔiqsuuqƛ 
still in womb 
-(š)tiˑp 
do to while... 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
do while still in the womb 
kaaʔuucšiƛ̉asukʔitqak 
kaaʔuucšiƛ 
become a grandchild 
-ˀas4 
about to 
-uk 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
the one who is about to be your grandchild 
. 

Have you not given your grandchild-to-be a name while still in the womb?

1.1251
nii 
nii 
see! 
see! 
ħayučiɬšiƛ̉asʔaƛaħ 
ħayu 
ten 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I have been doing for ten days 
haʔukčip 
haʔuk 
eat 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
eating  
suutiɬ 
suutiɬ 
you 
your 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
ħaaħaaʔaaɬʔap 
DUP- 
SUF 
ħa 
complete 
-ʔaaɬ2 
each 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
doing so all day each time 
. 

Look! I have been eating your food all day long for ten days.

1.1252
ʕuuyuukšiʔaƛma 
ʕuuyuukšiƛ 
be abundant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is now flooded with 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
nism̉eʔi 
nism̉a 
land 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the land 
hiʔiisqas 
hiʔiis1 
on the ground 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
where I am 
haw̉ackʷi 
haw̉ackʷi 
leftover food 
leftover food 
. 

This place where I am is flooded with left-over food.

1.1253
wikỷuusi 
wikỷuu 
never 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had never done 
ʕaxpitap 
ʕaxpitap 
make a pile grow smaller 
made a pile grow smaller 
yaayiɬ 
yaayiɬ 
there in house 
there in house 
yaaqʷiɬqas 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iɬ1 
refer to 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
that is what I did to 
n̉ašỷaaħuʔiɬ 
n̉ašỷaaħuʔiɬ 
confront 
confront 
ʔaya 
ʔaya 
much 
much 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
qʷačiisiʔaƛʔitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-či2 
at 
-aˑs1 
on a surface 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
to which it has got onto 
hiɬaħuʔiɬʔaƛʔi 
hiɬaaħawiɬ 
in front of 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
in front of 
. 

I have never reduced the amount of things, which I face like a wall of much food on which this stuff before me has been piled.

1.1254
hitapaƛeʔic 
hitapa 
surpass 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you have now surpassed them 
ʔutʔuumiikħič̉aʔaaɬa 
CVt- 
PL 
ʔuumiikʷ 
whaler 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
the whalers of old 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
yaqwiimit 
yaqwiimit 
ancestor 
ancestors 
. 

You have now surpassed the whale hunters of our ancestors who gave a Wolf Ritual.

1.1255
ʕimatʕisʔaƛħas 
ʕimatʕis 
eat navel cord 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑs 
1s. INTERR 
am I eating umbilical cord? 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
. 

Am I not eating navel (partaking of a birth feast)?
46) When a chief gets a baby home he gives a feast for the honour of the occasion and the food he gives is talked of as being ʕimin 'belly button'. Therefore, those eating at the feast are said to be eating ʕimin.

1.1256
ʕiimatʕinɬʔaƛquuweʔin 
ʕiimatʕinɬ 
navel cord feast 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they would give navel feasts 
yaqwiimit 
yaqwiimit 
ancestor 
ancestors 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
big 
ƛ̉iiʔiɬ 
ƛ̉iiʔiɬ 
feast 
feasts 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ħaw̉iɬħʔaƛquu 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
the one being a chief 
t̉an̉anakšiƛ 
t̉an̉anakšiƛ 
have children 
get a child 
. 

The people of old gave big navel feasts, when a chief got a child.

1.1257
ʔaanimč̉akš 
ʔana 
only 
-im1 
... thing 
-č̉akš1 
2s.INF 
you really must have 
naʔaataħ 
naʔaataħ 
listen 
listened 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
refer to 
nananiqsu 
naniiqsu 
grandparent.pl 
grandparents 
hisiik̉aanituusik 
hisiikʷ 
go along 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(w)uusik 
2s.Rel.Dub 
in which way they had done to you 
ħaaħuupat 
ħaaħuupa 
advising 
-ˀat 
PASS 
instructing 
. 

You really must have listened to your grandparents as they instructed you.
pg. 134 begins here

1.1258
takeeʔi 
takaa 
nevertheless 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
do so nevertheless 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ʔaayaħw̉aɬ 
ʔaayaħw̉aɬ 
make use of many 
making use of many 
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ʔayaak 
ʔaya 
many 
-ˀak 
POSS 
have many 
nananiqsu 
naniiqsu 
grandparent.pl 
grandparents 
. 

Continue thus, making use of your many ancestors.

1.1259
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
naʔaataħʔaƛ 
naʔaataħ 
listen 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
listened 
ʔaħn̉ii 
ʔaħn̉ii 
that 
that 
waweeʔitqak 
wawaa 
say 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
that which your are saying 
. 

I listen to what you say.

1.1260
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ʔuuħw̉aɬʔaƛ 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
use 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
are using 
saayaač̉apis 
saayaač̉apis 
High-on-the-Beach 
High-on-the-Beach 
. 

You are employing High-above-Beach.

1.1261
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ʔuuħw̉aɬʔaƛ 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
use 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
using 
wiiwimtaʕiik 
wiiwimtaʕikʷ 
Always-Potlatching 
Always-Potlatching 
k̉inaxumʔasʔatħʔi 
k̉inaxumʔasʔatħ 
Kinahumas band 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
Kinahumas tribe 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
. 

You are employing Fond-of-Potlatching, chief of the Kinahumas Tribe.

1.1262
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ʔuuħw̉aɬʔaƛ 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
use 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
using 
waakiitama 
waakiitama 
Purple-One 
Purple-One 
hitac̉uʔatħiicʔi 
hitac̉uʔatħ 
Ucluelet Arm people 
-iic 
belong to 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
who belongs to the Ucluelet Arm tribe 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
yaqckʷiiʔitqak 
yaqckʷiiʔitq 
ancestor 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
who are your ancestors 
. 

You are employing Purple-One, the Ucluelet Arm chief, who are your ancestors.

1.1263
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ʔuuħw̉aɬʔaƛ 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
use 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
are using 
c̉aakʷiistisiis 
c̉aakʷistisiis 
Flows-from-Beach 
Flows-from-Beach 
c̉akʷistisʔatħiicʔi 
c̉akʷistisʔatħ 
Tsakwistis band 
-iic 
belong to 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who belongs to the Tsakwistis Band 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
yaqckʷiiʔitqak 
yaqckʷiiʔitq 
ancestor 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
who are your ancestors 
. 

You are employing Flows-from-Beach, the Tsakwistis chief, who are your ancestors.

1.1264
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ʔuuħw̉aɬʔaƛ 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
use 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
are using 
ƛaƛaaquk̉ʷap 
ƛaƛaaquk̉ʷap 
Makes-Oily 
Makes-Oily 
c̉išaaʔatħiicʔi 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
-iic 
belong to 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who belongs to the Tsishaa people 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
yaqckʷiiʔitqak 
yaqckʷiiʔitq 
ancestor 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
who are your ancestors 
ʔuunuuƛʔi 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
that is 
wawaaʔak 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀak 
POSS 
the words of the 
ʕimtii 
ʕimtii 
name 
name 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ƛaƛaaqukukqa 
DUP- 
SUF 
ƛaaquk 
greasy 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
his is greasy all over 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
great 
ʔuumiik 
ʔuumiikʷ 
whaler 
whaler 
. 

You are employing Makes-oily-all-Around, the Tsishaa chief, from whom you are descended, the one whose name says that his house has grease all over it because he was a great whaler.

1.1265
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
use 
are using 
naaweeʔiik 
naaweeʔiik 
Naweik 
Naweik 
ħaayimkʔi 
ħayu 
ten 
-miikʷ 
... getter [L] 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the getter of ten 
ʔiiħtuup 
ʔiiħtuup 
whale 
whale 
ʔuuqʷaatisʔatħiicʔi 
ʔuuqʷaatisʔatħ 
Dutch Harbour band 
-iic 
belong to 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the one belonging to the Dutch Harbour band 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
yaqckʷiiʔitqakƛaa 
yaqckʷiiʔitq 
ancestor 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
=ƛaa 
again 
who are your ancestors 
. 

You are employing Naawe'ik, the getter of ten whales, chief of the Uukwaatis Tribe, who are your ancestors.
pg. 135 begins here

1.1266
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
use 
are using 
n̉uun̉up̉itšmiik 
n̉uun̉up̉itšmiikʷ 
Hunts-One-timers 
Hunts-One-timers 
ħuučuqƛisʔatħiicʔi 
ħuučuqƛisʔatħ 
Uchucklesaht people 
-iic 
belong to 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one belonging to the Uchucklesaht 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
yaqckʷiiʔitqak 
yaqckʷiiʔitq 
ancestor 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
who are your ancestors 
. 

You are employing Hunts-One-Timers, the Uchucklesaht chief, who are your ancestors.

1.1267
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ʔuuħw̉ink 
ʔuuħw̉inkʷ 
using 
are using 
huuħinkʷap 
huuħinkʷap 
Slopes-Together 
Slopes-Together 
waninʔatħiicʔi 
waninʔatħ 
Wanin people 
-iic 
belong to 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who belongs to the Wanin people 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
ʔuumiik 
ʔuumiikʷ 
whaler 
whaler 
ʔiiħtuup 
ʔiiħtuup 
whale 
whales 
yaqckʷiiʔitqak 
yaqckʷiiʔitq 
ancestor 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
who is your ancestor 
. 

You are employing Slopes-Together, the Wanin chief, the whaler, your ancestor.

1.1268
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
use 
are using 
ħaħayuʔiiħ 
ħaħayuʔiiħ 
Hunts-Ten 
Hunts-Ten 
maakƛʕiiʔatħiicʔi 
maakƛʕiiʔatħ 
Wouwer Island band 
-iic 
belong to 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the one who belongs to the Storm Island band 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
ʔuumiik 
ʔuumiikʷ 
whaler 
whaler 
yaqckʷiiʔitqak 
yaqckʷiiʔitq 
ancestor 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
who is your ancestor 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔuwaaʔak 
ʔuwaa 
say 
-ˀak 
POSS 
his says 
ʕimtii 
ʕimtii 
name 
name 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ħaħaayuʔiiħqa 
DUP- 
SUF 
ħayu 
ten 
-ˀiiħ2 
hunt [R] 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that he would hunt ten 
ʔiiħtuup 
ʔiiħtuup 
whale 
whales 
maaʔak 
maaʔakʷ 
California gray whale 
California whales 
. 

You are employing Hunts-Ten, the Storm Island chief, the whaler, your ancestor; such was his name because he would try to get ten whales.

1.1269
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
use 
are using 
ʔanimyis 
ʔanimyis 
Alone-about-Beach 
Alone-about-Beach 
naʔuw̉aʔatħiicʔi 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
Na'uwa'a people 
-iic 
belong to 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the one belonging to the Na'uuwa 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
yaqckʷiiʔitqak 
yaqckʷiiʔitq 
ancestor 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
who is your ancestor 
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
use 
are using 
k̉ʷanisic 
k̉ʷalsic 
Kwalisits 
Kwalisits 
ħatħaayimkʔi 
CVt- 
PL 
ħayu 
ten 
-miikʷ 
... getter [L] 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the getters of ten 
ʔiiħtuup 
ʔiiħtuup 
whale 
whales 
. 

You are employing Alone-about-Beach, the Na'uwa'a chief, from whom you are descended, and of Kwanisits, both of them getters of ten whales.

1.1270
nii 
nii 
see! 
see! 
n̉ašiʔaƛ̉i 
n̉aššiƛ 
go to see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
see now 
qʷaam̉aħw̉inkiik 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ħw̉inkʷ 
use [L] 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
how many you are using 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chiefs 
qʷam̉aackʷiyiik 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ckʷiˑ 
remains of... 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
how many you might be from 
. 

Look! see how many chiefs you are making use of, how many you are descended from.

1.1271
waačqɔɔ 
waačquu 
isn't it true? 
-ee 
VOC 
isn't it true? 
. 

Isn't it true, everybody!

1.1272
t̉aqusaħima 
t̉aquqƛ 
accurate 
-saˑħi 
because of 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he can't be other than 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
hiyiiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
wik̉iit 
wik 
not 
-ˀat 
PASS 
there was no one 
qʷam̉ackʷi 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ckʷiˑ 
remains of... 
as many as they are descended from 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
ħaw̉iiħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chiefs 
ʔanačsỷaħuʔisʔitq 
ʔanač 
that much 
-sỷaˑħawi(ɬ) 
on the face of a cliff 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the whole length of the coast 
hiis 
hiyiis 
there on beach 
on the beach 
. 

He cannot be other than a wealthy chief among those in the house, for no one else is descended from as many chiefs as he, the whole length of the coast.
pg. 136 begins above

1.1273
sickʷiiqħsukqɔɔƛaa 
siỷa 
I 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-suˑk 
2s.ABS 
=qʷa 
thus 
=ƛaa 
also 
you are descended from me also 
yaqiis 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
I who am  
tutuutš 
tutuutš 
Thundering-now-and-then 
Thundering-now-and-then 
ħaw̉iɬuk 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-uk 
POSS 
chief of 
ħač̉aaʔatħ 
ħač̉aaʔatħ 
Hachaa people 
Hachaa people 
. 

Indeed are you descended from me too, I who am Thundering-now-and-then, chief of the Hachaa Tribe.

1.1274
wik̉iitqač̉a 
wik̉iit 
eliminate 
-qaˑč̉a 
3.DUB 
I doubt there is no one 
qʷam̉aackʷi 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
thus many 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔanačsỷaħuʔisʔitq 
ʔanač 
that much 
-sỷaˑħawi(ɬ) 
on the face of a cliff 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the whole length of the coast 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
ħaw̉iiħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chiefs 
. 

I doubt there is anyone else with so many connections all along the coast among the tribes and chiefs.

1.1275
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ħaaħaceʔiik 
ħaaħaceʔiikʷ 
be bold by nature 
you are bold 
ħaaʔuqsak̉aƛquuk 
ħaaʔuqsakʷ 
next generation 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
as you enter the next generation 
ɬučħaa 
ɬučħaa 
pay bride price 
pay brideprice 
ʔeeʔeeʔiša 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔaʔiˑš 
do quickly 
doing quickly 
ħakʷaƛnakšiʔaƛquu 
ħakʷaƛnakšiƛ 
have a daughter 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they have a daughter 
ʔuušħ 
ʔuuš 
some 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
some one 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
. 

You are bold when you arrange marriages quickly, generation after generation, as some chief gets a daughter.

1.1276
n̉aacsaaƛqač̉a 
n̉aacsa 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑč̉a 
3.DUB 
he probably now sees 
hiiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
. 

I think the chief here (Tyee Bob) now sees it.
47) Referring to Tyee Bob, Mrs. Douglas' uncle.

1.1277
ƛuɬʔaƛ̉atqač̉a 
ƛuɬ 
happy 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-qaˑč̉a 
3.DUB 
I think his is happy now 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
hiiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
mind 
mind 
qʷaaʔaƛqin 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qin 
1p.REL 
that we are thus 
n̉iƛaak̉aƛ 
n̉iƛaakʷ 
be excited 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
being excited 
yaaqʷiɬʔitqak 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
to whom you did 
ƛaħ 
ƛaħʷ 
recently 
recently 
čiiħin 
čiiħin 
pull away from 
pull away from him 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
daughter 
hiiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
huupač̉asʔatħiic 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
-iic 
belong to 
of the Huupachas 
. 

I think his heart is glad at our elevation, he, the Huupachas chief, whose daughter you took.

1.1278
ƛuɬʔaƛ̉atqač̉a 
ƛuɬ 
happy 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-qaˑč̉a 
3.DUB 
I think he is happy 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
mind 
mind 
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
qʷaaʔaƛʔitqak 
qʷaa 
how 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
how you are now 
ʔuucawinyukčip 
ʔuucawinyuk 
give potlatch for 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
feasting  
ħaakʷaaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
daughter 
ʔuucawinyuk 
ʔu 
REF 
-cawinyuk 
do on account of ... [L] 
doing in honour of  
kaaʔuucšiƛʔaaqƛukʔi 
kaaʔuucšiƛ 
become a grandchild 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-uk 
IMPF 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who will be his grandchild 
. 

I think he is happy at the way you are feasting in honour of his daughter, and his future grandchild.
pg. 137 begins below

1.1279
piħaaʔaƛaħ 
piħaa 
notice 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I notice that 
ʕuc̉uuʔaƛukʷeʔic 
ʕuc̉uu 
have water inside 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
yours is flooded with 
ƛaqmis 
ƛaqmis 
oil 
oil 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
maħt̉iiʔakʔitqak 
maħt̉ii 
house 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
your house 
. 

I notice that this house of yours is now flooded with oil.

1.1280
timqsitmiɬʔaƛaħ 
timqsitmiɬ 
wade about in 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am wading about in 
ƛaqmis 
ƛaqmis 
oil 
oil 
ƛaħʔuyi 
ƛaħʔuyi 
recently 
recently 
. 

I am wading about in oil just now.

1.1281
piħaaʔaƛaħ 
observe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I observe that 
qʷeʔinʔaƛeʔic 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀin4 
treated as 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you are now treated thus 
ħayuqumyiɬukquuk 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-uk 
POSS 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
as though you had ten in the house 
čuʔiɬ 
ču1 
face down 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
facing down in the house 
čakʷaasi 
čakʷaasi 
dorsal fin 
dorsal fins 
qʷackʷiiʔitqak 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ckʷiˑ 
remains of... 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
it is like yours 
minkaaʔakič̉aʔaaɬa 
minkaa 
be all around 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
whose was always all around 
huhupan̉uuħ 
DUP- 
DIST 
hup 
roundish object 
along ... [L] 
have all over in bladders 
niityuu 
niityuu 
house beam 
house beam 
ƛaqmis 
ƛaqmis 
oil 
oil 
naaweeʔiikič̉a 
naaweeʔiik 
Naweik 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the famous Naweik 
yaqckʷiiʔitqak 
yaqckʷiiʔitq 
ancestor 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
who is your ancestor 
. 

I observe that you are now as though with ten dorsal fins (of whale) in place in the house, like your ancestor Naawe'iik, who had bladders of oil all along the house beams.

1.1282
n̉aacsaaƛqas 
n̉aacsa 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I see now 
yaayiɬ 
yaayiɬ 
there in house 
there in house 
ƛaqc̉uuʔaƛʔi 
ƛaqc̉uu 
container of oil 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
container of oil 
caqiicqimỷisckʷaƛʔi 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-‘is 
on the beach 
-ckʷiˑ 
remains of... 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the one which costs twenty (dollars) 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
yaayiɬ 
yaayiɬ 
there in house 
there in house 
šuukʷeeʔi 
šuukʷaˑ 
sugar 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
sugar 
qʷeʔinʔaƛʔi 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀin4 
treated as 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
which is as though it were 
ƛaqc̉uuquu 
ƛaqc̉uu 
container of oil 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that it were oil 
. 

I see now that container of oil, the sugar worth twenty dollars, which is as valuable as though it were oil.

1.1283
hiniismisʔaƛeʔic 
hiniismis 
take along the beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you are now taking along the beach 
niiħiɬ 
niiħiɬ 
us 
us 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
. 

You are taking us along the beach, O chief.

1.1284
hiiɬapap̉aƛeʔic 
hiiɬapap 
put up above 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you have put up above 
niiħiɬ 
niiħiɬ 
us 
us 
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
. 

You have put us way up there.

1.1285
n̉ačiičʔisʔap̉aƛeʔic 
n̉ačiičʔis 
look down on 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you make us look down 
niiħiɬ 
niiħiɬ 
us 
us 
ƛaƛuuʔi 
another 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the others 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
. 

You let us look down on the other tribes.

1.1286
ỷuuwaaʔap̉aƛeʔic 
yuwaaʔap 
make s.o. grateful 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you make us very grateful 
yaqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
that we are 
ʔeʔiič̉im 
ʔiič̉im 
elder.pl 
old people 
yaqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
that we are 
ħisʔap̉aaħʔaƛ 
ħisʔap̉aaħ 
be unable 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
are unable to 
hiniipik 
hiniip 
get 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
to get 
hiiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
haʔumʔi 
haʔum 
food 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the food 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuušcukqa 
ʔuušcuk 
be difficult 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it would be difficult 
hiniip̉at 
hiniip 
get 
-ˀat 
PASS 
catching 
hiiɬʔaƛʔi 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
there 
haʔumʔi 
haʔum 
food 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the food 
. 

You make us old people grateful, we who are unable to get such food, for it is difficult for us to get food.
pg. 138 begins above

1.1287
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
qʷaaʔaƛ 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
are like 
qʷeeʔiitqʔaaɬa 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
=ʔaaɬa 
=always 
that which it is like 
c̉awaak̉aƛquu 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
one would do 
ʔiiħiisim 
ʔiiħiisim 
a big one 
a big one 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
tušqaʔaqiɬʔaƛquu 
tušq 
bunched 
-(w)aʔaq1 
alongside 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that the bunch together beside 
ʔeʔinħʔisʔi 
small 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the little ones 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
. 

You are like a big fellow among children whom the little ones who bunch together beside.

1.1288
k̉ʷaačim̉inħʔisqaqa 
k̉ʷaači_ʔis 
poor fellow 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-qaqa 
VOC?? 
you dear little ones! 
ču 
čuu1 
well! 
well! 
kʷaaƛ̉ičak 
kʷeeʔičak 
come! (pl) 
come! 
haʔuk̉ʷeeʔicuu 
haʔuk 
eat 
-(m)eˑʔicuu 
2p.IND 
you eat! 
waaʔaƛquu 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would say 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷaaʔap̉aƛeʔic 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you do thus 
hiyiiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
ʔayiiɬʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the many in the house 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

You treat the multitude here as though saying, 'Dear little ones, come along and eat'.

1.1289
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
ʔuʔaaɬuk̉ʷaƛħak 
ʔuuʔaaɬuk 
take care of 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
are you looking after ? 
niiħiɬ 
niiħiɬ 
us 
us 
. 

Say, are you looking after us?

1.1290
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
waamaaħ 
waa 
say 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am saying so 
ʕatiqšiƛ 
ʕatiqšiƛ 
thank 
thank you 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
. 

Right, right, right, I say that, and thank you, Chief.

1.1291
ciqšiʔaƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he spoke now 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
qʷaan̉itux 
qʷaan̉itux 
Kwaanituh 
Kwaanituh 
. 

Then Kwaanituh also spoke.

1.1292
n̉aacsaaƛaħ 
n̉aacsa 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I see it 
taayee 
taayii 
older brother 
-ee 
VOC 
Oh, older brother 
qʷaaʔaƛiik 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(y)iik 
2s.INDF.REL 
how you are 
. 

"I now see what you are like, older brother.

1.1293
piħaaʔaƛaħ 
piħaa 
notice 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am observing 
. 

I am observing.

1.1294
ʔaanaaƛeʔic 
ʔaana 
really 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you are really 
ħaw̉iɬʔaƛ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
a chief 
. 

You are indeed a chief.

1.1295
ʔapsčiikma 
ʔapsčiikʷ 
right 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is right 
yaayiɬ 
yaayiɬ 
there in house 
there in house 
weeʔiitq 
waa 
say 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what has been said 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
. 

The chief's words here are right.

1.1296
ʔaanaaƛqač̉a 
ʔaana 
really 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑč̉a 
3.DUB 
I think he is really so 
ƛuɬʔaƛ̉atqač̉a 
ƛuɬ 
happy 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-qaˑč̉a 
3.DUB 
he is happy 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
mind 
mind 
hiiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
ħaw̉iɬukqas 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my chief 
. 

I think my chief is really happy there.
pg. 139 begins below

1.1297
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ʔuuʔiƛckʷi 
ʔuuʔiƛ1 
go for 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
have taken it 
t̉apatšiƛ 
t̉apatšiƛ 
deliberate 
thinking 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔuč̉akukʔitqakƛaa 
ʔuč̉akʷ 
instrument 
-uk 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
=ƛaa 
again 
yours is for this purpose 
. 

You have taken that one and thought that it is for this purpose also.

1.1298
siic̉imʔak̉aƛħak 
siỷa 
I 
-c̉imʔak 
do on account of [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
are you now doing for me? 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
n̉iƛaak 
n̉iƛaakʷ 
be excited 
in an uproar 
maʔasqas 
maʔas 
tribe 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
our tribes 
. 

Are you, our tribes, now in an uproar for me?

1.1299
siimaɬsnaʕaaɬʔaƛħak 
siỷa 
I 
-maɬ 
move about 
-(c,k)snaˑʕaɬ 
play with [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
are you playing with me? 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
c̉aapmaɬsnaʕaaɬ 
c̉aapmaɬsnaʕaaɬ 
bounce on knee 
bouncing me on your knee 
yaqiis 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
I who am  
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

Are you bouncing me, the Huupachas Tribe, on your knee?

1.1300
n̉iƛaak̉aƛħak 
n̉iƛaakʷ 
be excited 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
are you excited? 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
c̉išaaʔeetħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
-ee 
VOC 
O Tsishaa people 
. 

Aren't you all excited, you Tsishaa people!

1.1301
siicawinyuk̉ʷaƛħak 
siỷa 
I 
-cawinyuk 
do on account of ... [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
are you doing on my behalf? 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
kaaʔuccawinyuk 
kaaʔuˑc 
grandchild 
-cawinyuk 
do in honour of ... [L] 
doing in honour of a grandchild 
siỷa 
siỷa 
I 
I 
yaqiis 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
I who am  
maʔas 
maʔas 
tribe 
tribe 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

Aren't you honouring me, who is the Huupachas Tribe, when you feast in honour of a grandchild!

1.1302
n̉aacsaaƛaħ 
n̉aacsa 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I see it 
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
ʕuuyuuk̉ʷaƛʔi 
ʕuuyuuk 
abundant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the abundance 
haʔumckʷi 
haʔumckʷi 
leftover food 
leftover food 
mamaʔuuʔi 
mamaʔuu 
village site 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
at the village site 
. 

I see the abundance of leftover food in the village.

1.1303
ʔucpaa 
ʔucpaa 
pass over 
it passed over  
yiiɬ 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
huuʔak̉aƛ 
huuʔakʷ 
long ago 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was long ago 
hitapa 
hitapa 
go through 
go through 
ɬučħaamis 
ɬučħaamis 
marriage ceremony 
marriage ceremony 
. 

Long ago the marriage ceremony went by that way.

1.1304
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
t̉ikỷiiħiɬʔaƛ 
t̉ikỷiiħa 
choke 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
am choked 
. 

I am still choked.

1.1305
ʔuušataaqƛsaʕaš 
ʔuuš 
some 
-aˑta 
direct action at 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-saˑʕaš 
1s.INF 
it seems I will do so to someone 
kaaʔɔɔc 
kaaʔuˑc 
grandchild 
-ee 
VOC 
O grandchild 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
. 

It seems I will say, O grandchild, to someone.

1.1306
wikʔaaqƛč̉aʕaš 
wik 
not 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-č̉aˑʕaš 
3.INFER 
it seems he will be 
waap̉ičħ 
waa 
say 
-p̉ičħ 
do while ...-ing [L] 
say while doing so 
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
ħaw̉iɬukqas 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my chief 
kaaʔɔɔc 
kaaʔuˑc 
grandchild 
-ee 
VOC 
O grandchild 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
. 

So I won't be (ashamed) to say, O grandchild, to my chief.

1.1307
ħasʕaƛʔaaqƛsaʕašʔaaɬa 
ħasʕaƛ 
make a loud noise 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-saˑʕaš 
1s.INF 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
I will say it out loud 
kaaʔɔɔc 
kaaʔuˑc 
grandchild 
-ee 
VOC 
O grandchild 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
. 

So, I will say it out loud, O grandchild.

1.1308
ħaacħuuɬaƛħak 
ħaacħuuɬa 
display wealth 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
are you now showing off wealth? 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
. 

Are you now displaying wealth!

1.1309
kaaʔuccawinyuk̉ʷaƛħak 
kaaʔuˑc 
grandchild 
-cawinyuk 
do in honour of ... [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
are you doing in honour of your grandchild? 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
ʔanaħʔaƛiik 
ʔanaħʷ 
size 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(y)iik 
2s.INDF.REL 
and to which extent 
siicawinyuk 
siỷa 
I 
-cawinyuk 
do on account of ... [L] 
doing in my honour 
. 

Aren't you feasting in honour of your grandchild and to that extent you are feasting in my honour.
pg. 140 begins here

1.1310
hiiɬapap̉aƛeʔic 
hiiɬapap 
put up above 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you have put up above 
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
yaqiis 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
I who am  
maʔas 
maʔas 
tribe 
tribe 
. 

You place my tribe on high.

1.1311
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
wikỷuu 
wikỷuu 
not yet 
not yet 
ʕaxsaap 
ʕaxsaap 
decrease 
decreased 
yaayiɬ 
yaayiɬ 
there in house 
there in house 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
hiyiiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
yaaquwaƛqasʔat 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-[L] 
L 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
-ˀat 
PASS 
that which we have together 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
. 

With all the many people eating, we hardly decreased the great amount of food before us.

1.1312
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
ʔuum̉inƛma 
ʔuum̉aa 
thus far 
-inawiƛ1 
PRF.CAUS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he went thus far 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
qʷaan̉itux 
qʷaan̉itux 
Kwaanituh 
Kwaanituh 
ciiqciiqa 
ciiqciiqa 
speaking 
speaking 
. 

That far Kwaanituh went in speaking.

1.1313
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went off 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ɬiiʔaacitšiʔaƛʔitq 
ɬiiʔaacitšiƛ 
go past 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when it had passed (midnight) 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
. 

When it had passed midnight, the people went.

1.1314
w̉aqʔuqʔataƛ 
w̉aqʔuˑ 
go to feast 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they left the feast 
ʔapiicsuʔaƛ 
ʔapiicsawiƛ 
carry on shoulder 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
carrying on their shoulders 
sapnin 
sapnin 
flour 
flour 
. 

They left the feast carrying flour on their shoulders.

1.1315
ƛ̉iiw̉aqiičiʔaƛquu 
ƛ̉iiw̉aqiičiƛ 
be gleeful 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they were gleeful 
ʔuuc̉is 
ʔuuc̉us 
laugh at 
laughing at 
qʷeeʔiitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what is a 
ʔuušc̉aɬħi 
ʔuušc̉aɬħi 
awe-inspiring 
awe-inspiring 
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
ʔeeʔincskʔis 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔanacskʷ 
thus far apart 
-ʔis 
DIM 
they were so close together 
ʔapiics 
ʔapiics 
carry on shoulder 
carrying on shoulder 
sapnin 
sapnin 
flour 
flour 
ʔaya 
ʔaya 
many 
many 
. 

They were gleeful, laughing over the inspiring spectacle of so many (people) crowded together carrying flour on their shoulders.

1.1316
ʔuħteeʔičʔaaɬa 
ʔuħtaa 
towards 
-ˀiˑč2 
2p>3.IMP 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
always start out towards 
yaacšiƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
go 
ƛ̉iʕaƛ̉aƛquu 
ƛ̉iʕaƛ 
fire a weapon 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when the (weapon) fires 
saasaqi 
saasaqi 
cannon 
cannons 
waaʔaƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I said now 
. 

"Start out when the cannon fires", I said.

1.1317
ƛ̉isaaʔap̉aƛquus 
ƛ̉isaa 
dawn 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
I would do at dawn 
ƛ̉iʕaƛ̉ap̉aƛ 
ƛ̉iʕaƛ̉ap 
shoot off 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
shoot off 
saasaqi 
saasaqi 
cannon 
cannon 
ʔaƛp̉itʕaƛ 
ʔaƛp̉it 
twice 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
making it sound twice 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔaƛp̉itʕin 
ʔaƛp̉it 
twice 
-ˀin3 
sound of [R] 
sounding twice 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔaaƛsatħawiiqščiiɬ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ˀatħ2 
...tribe 
-awiiqš 
call for [L+S] 
-ičiiɬ 
INC.IT [L] 
it was calling for two tribes 
čučuukʷaʕinmas 
čučuukʷaʕinmas 
go about inviting 
going about inviting 
. 

I would shoot it off at dawn, doing it twice because it was inviting two tribes.
pg. 141 begins below

1.1318
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛquu 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-quu1 
3.CND 
then 
ʔaanaaƛ 
ʔaana 
really 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it really was 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ʔeʔimʔap̉aƛ 
ʔeʔim 
as soon as 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
as soon as it did 
kuʔiičiƛ 
kuʔiičiƛ 
become daylight 
it became daylight 
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went off 
w̉aaqʔuqšiʔaƛ 
w̉aaqʔuqšiƛ 
go to a feast 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started coming to the feast 
ʔuucħa 
ʔuucħa 
go in connection with 
go in connection with 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
hiiɬasaqħʔaaqƛqaƛaa 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-sasa 
precisely [L] 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
=ƛaa 
again 
they would do so right there 
ʔaatħšiƛ 
ʔaatħšiƛ 
become night 
it become night 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
. 

They started right out for the feast as soon as morning came and continued eating till night.

1.1319
hiiniiʔasšiiɬʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-šiiɬ 
ITER [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were going out at intervals 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dances 
qʷam̉aac̉uɬʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-c̉uˑɬ 
... initiate in Wolf Ritual 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all who were novices 
. 

The novices were constantly going out of the house to do imitative dances.

1.1320
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
hiiniiʔasčiiɬʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ičiiɬ 
INC.IT [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
each went out at intervals 
ʔuun̉ak̉aƛ 
ʔuun̉akʷ 
dance 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
doing a dance 
qʷiiqʷin̉akʔitq 
DUP- 
DIST 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-iˑn̉akʷ 
imitate ... in dance 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what they each imitated 
. 

Each went out to do his dance.

1.1321
pukmisin̉akʔi 
pukmisin̉akʷ 
Wild-man dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones doing the Wild-man dance 
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
hiniiʔas 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
they went outside 
huɬmisin̉akʔi 
huɬmisin̉akʷ 
Dance-spirit dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones doing the Dance-spirit dance 
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
hiniiʔas 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
going outside 
. 

The Wild-man dancers went out, the dance-spirit dancers went out.

1.1322
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went out 
t̉iin̉akʔi 
t̉iin̉akʷ 
Throw dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones doing the Throw dance 
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went out 
ʕasicin̉akʔi 
ʕasicin̉akʷ 
Bee dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones doing the Bee dance 
. 

The throw dancers went out, the ones doing the Bee dance went out.
the somersault dancers, the sea-snipe dancers went out.

1.1323
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went out 
tiiɬiin̉akʔi 
tiiɬiin̉akʷ 
Octopus dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones doing the Devilfish dance 
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went out 
c̉ixʷatin̉akʔi 
c̉ixʷatinqin̉akʷ 
Eagle dance 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones doing the Eagle dance 
. 

The ones doing the Devilfish dance went out, the ones doing the Eagle dance went out.

1.1324
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went out 
ƛ̉iħmaqin̉akʔi 
ƛ̉iħmaqin̉akʷ 
Woodpecker dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the Woodpecker dancers 
. 

The Woodpecker dancers went out.

1.1325
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went outside 
k̉ayuupqin̉akʔi 
k̉ayuupqin̉akʷ 
imitate a cougar 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one imitating a panther 
. 

The ones imitating a panther went out.

1.1326
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went out 
ʕaɬmaquuħin̉akʔi 
ʕaɬmaquuħin̉akʷ 
Cedar Bark Ogre dance 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones doing the Cedar Bark Ogre dance 
. 

The ones doing the Cedar Bark Ogre dance went out.

1.1327
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went out 
saan̉akʔi 
saan̉akʷ 
crawl dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones doing the crawl dance 
qʷayacin̉ak 
qʷayacin̉akʷ 
Wolf dance 
Wolf dance 
c̉aħw̉iisʔaƛuk 
c̉aħw̉a 
litter 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
they had their young ones 
ʔaƛqimɬuk 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-uk 
POSS 
there are two of them 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
qʷayac̉iikm̉inħʔisuk 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-uk 
IMPF 
of the little wolves 
. 

The ones doing the crawl dance or Wolf dance had their two young wolf pups there.

1.1328
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went outside 
ƛapisaqin̉akʔi 
ƛapisaqin̉akʷ 
Raccoon dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
those doing the Raccoon dance 
. 

those doing the Raccoon dance went out.

1.1329
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they left the house 
caciisk̉uqin̉akʔi 
caciisk̉uqʷin̉akʷ 
Tsatsiskomts dancer 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones doing the Tsatsiskomts dance 
. 

The ones doing the Tsatsiskomts dance went out.
pg. 142

1.1330
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went outside 
c̉ipt̉axʷin̉akʔi 
c̉ipt̉axʷin̉akʷ 
somersault dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones doing the Somersault dance 
. 

The ones doing the Somersault dance went out.

1.1331
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went outside 
huuʔuɬin̉akʔi 
huuʔuɬin̉akʷ 
bird-flock dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones doing a Bird-flock dance 
. 

The ones doing a Bird-flock dance went out.

1.1332
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷam̉aa 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
thus many 
hiniiʔas 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
go outside 
. 

That is how many went out.

1.1333
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finished 
ħačatwiiʔasʔaƛʔitq 
ħačat 
all 
-wiiʔas 
go outside 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when all had gone outside 
. 

Then they finished when all had gone outside.

1.1334
haʔukšiƛ̉asʔaƛ 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
go to eat 
. 

They were going to eat.

1.1335
tuupšiʔaƛ 
tuupšiƛ 
evening 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was evening 
. 

It was evening.

1.1336
tuupšiƛšiʔaƛ 
tuupšiƛšiƛ 
get dark 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was getting dark 
siqaaʔaƛ 
siqaa 
cook 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was cooking now 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
. 

It was becoming dark and food was cooking.

1.1337
ƛ̉uum̉aħsiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉uum̉aħsiƛ 
heat up liquid 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
heat up liquid 
tii 
tii1 
tea 
tea 
. 

Tea was heating.

1.1338
ʔaaneʔisqa 
ʔana 
thus much 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it was short 
n̉aas 
n̉aas 
day 
day 
c̉uʔičħ 
c̉uʔičħ 
winter 
winter 
. 

It was a short winter day.

1.1339
tutupw̉isa 
tutupw̉isa 
get dark 
it got dark 
hinʔas 
hina 
LOC 
-ˀas5 
go to 
before going to 
ħaačatwiiʔasʔaaqƛ 
ħačat 
all 
-wiiʔas 
go outside 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
all went outside 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dances 
. 

Dark came on them before all the imitative dancers had had their turn.

1.1340
haʔukšiʔaƛ 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began to eat 
čaani 
čaani 
for a while 
for a while 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

The people ate for a while.

1.1341
ʔiinaxiičiʔaƛ 
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
get ready 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they got ready 
ƛ̉iixʷiin̉akʔi 
ƛ̉iixʷiin̉akʷ 
Laugh dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the Laugh dancers 
. 

The laugh dancers got ready.

1.1342
mačiiɬħcukukma 
mačiiɬ 
be in house 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-cuk 
require 
-uk 
IMPF 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it must be done in the house 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
ƛ̉iixʷiin̉akʔi 
ƛ̉iixʷiin̉akʷ 
Laugh dance 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Laugh dance 
. 

The laugh dance must be done indoors.

1.1343
kiiɬnaqšiʔaƛ 
kiiɬnaqšiƛ 
shout 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they shouted 
čaani 
čaani 
at first 
first 
ʔuwiiʔap 
ʔuwii 
be first 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
first they do 
k̉ʷaaɬiic 
k̉ʷaaɬiic 
branches around head 
branches around the head 
n̉aapsaħi 
n̉apsaˑ 
all in same way 
-ħiˑ 
IMPF 
all were that way 
. 

First they let out a shout, all of them alike with branches round the head.

1.1344
huu 
huu 
ho 
huu 
huu 
huu 
ho 
huu 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
čaani 
čaani 
at first 
first 
hixuqšiƛ 
hixuqšiƛ 
shout 
shouting 
č̉uučkuu 
č̉uučk 
all 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
all together 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

"Huu huu", shouted all the people together.

1.1345
hitacsuħtiɬʔaƛ 
hitacsuħta 
come out of the woods 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they come out  
yackaa 
yackaa 
stepping rapidly 
stepping rapidly 
ħacʔiiqimɬ 
ħacʔiiqimɬ 
make complete circuit 
making a complete circuit 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
yackaa 
yackaa 
stepping rapidly 
stepping rapidly 
t̉aakƛiɬ 
t̉aakƛ 
in a row 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
in single file 
. 

Then they came out from behind the screen rapidly going around to the right of the room in single file.

1.1346
k̉iitqʕaƛ̉aƛuk 
k̉iitqʕaƛ 
scream 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
they make a screaming sound 
kiikỷak 
kiikỷakʷ 
mouth whistle 
whistles 
. 

Then their whistles make a screaming sound.
pg. 143 begins below

1.1347
kiik 
kiik 
+ 
waaʔaƛuk 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
it says 
yayaqc̉uqʷeʔitq 
DUP- 
PL 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-c̉uqʷa 
in the mouth 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones in their mouths 
. 

"Kii+k", say (the whistles) in their mouths.

1.1348
ħimčiʔaƛ 
ħimčiƛ 
show 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they show 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
there 
there 
ħiin̉aak 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
-ˀak 
POSS 
their quartzes 
kaƛħšiƛ 
kaƛħšiƛ 
appear 
coming into view 
. 

They display their quartzes.

1.1349
kiik 
kii+k 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
. 

"kii+k" they say.

1.1350
ʔuħtaaʔaƛ 
ʔuħtaa 
towards 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they do so to it 
ʔeʔimʔaƛukquu 
ʔeʔim 
at first 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when theirs is first 
ʔič̉ačiƛ 
ʔiič̉ačiƛ 
lift up 
it was lifted up 
ħiin̉a 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
quartzes 
. 

They do so to it when their quartzes are first lifted up.

1.1351
ƛ̉iixšiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉iixšiƛ 
laugh 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they laugh 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

Then the many people laugh.

1.1352
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
ƛ̉iixšiƛ 
ƛ̉iixšiƛ 
laugh 
laugh 
yaqʔiitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who do 
ƛ̉iixʷiin̉ak 
ƛ̉iixʷiin̉akʷ 
Laugh dance 
Laugh-dance 
. 

But the laugh dancers do not laugh.

1.1353
ƛ̉iixšiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉iixšiƛ 
laugh 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they laugh 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
. 

The crowd of men and women laugh.

1.1354
puc̉uupiʔaƛ 
puc̉uupiƛ 
run in a group to the centre of the room 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they run to the centre of the room 
ƛ̉iixšiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉iixšiƛ 
laugh 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they laugh 
ʔuuš 
ʔuuš 
some 
some 
t̉inkʷaa 
t̉inkʷaa 
be rolling 
rolling 
hiitac̉upiƛ 
hitac̉upiƛ 
bring to centre of room 
brought to the centre of the room 
ʔuʔukʷink 
ʔuʔukʷinkʷ3 
be together with 
contend with 
ƛ̉iixʷaa 
ƛ̉iixʷaa 
laughing 
laughing 
yaqčiqħʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-či1 
along with 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones with  
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

Then some of them run out to the middle of the room and laugh, rolling and laughing with their fellows.

1.1355
ʕaʕačkink 
ʕaʕačkinkʷ 
link arms 
they link arms 
ʔuuš 
ʔuuš 
some 
some 
ƛ̉iixʷaa 
ƛ̉iixʷaa 
laughing 
laughing 
. 

Some link arms while laughing.

1.1356
ʔum̉eʔiiʔaƛ 
ʔum̉aʔii 
go in time 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they do for a while 
qiiʔaƛquu 
qii 
long time 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
do for a long time 
ƛ̉iixʷaa 
ƛ̉iixʷaa 
laughing 
laughing 
weewee 
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
. 

After laughing a long time, they say, "Wewewewe".

1.1357
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
č̉uučkuu 
č̉uučk 
all 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
all together 
hixuqšiƛ 
hixuqšiƛ 
shout 
they shout 
čamiiquuƛỷak̉aƛuk 
sober 
-ỷakʷ 
use 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
to sober up  
. 

Then all together yell out so as to sober up (get over their laughing fits).

1.1358
ƛakišiʔaƛ 
ƛakišiƛ 
stand up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they stood up 
č̉uučk 
č̉uučk 
all 
all 
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they stopped 
ƛ̉iixʷaa 
ƛ̉iixʷaa 
laughing 
laughing 
. 

All stand up and stop laughing.

1.1359
ʔanic 
ʔanic 
thus 
thus 
wikʕaƛ 
wikʕaƛ 
be silent 
they were silent 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
kiiɬnaqšiʔaƛƛaa 
kiiɬnaqšiƛ 
shout 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
he lets out a shout 
ʔuqħsiiʔi 
ʔuqħsii 
leader 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
leader 
. 

For a moment they are silent, then the leader lets out a shout.
pg. 144 begins here

1.1360
kaƛħšiʔaƛƛaa 
kaƛħšiƛ 
appear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they appear again 
ƛ̉iixʷiin̉akʔi 
ƛ̉iixʷiin̉akʷ 
Laugh dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the Laugh dancers 
. 

The laugh dancers appear again.

1.1361
yackaaʔaƛƛaa 
yackaa 
stepping rapidly 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they step rapidly 
ʔeʔimqħʔaƛƛaa 
ʔeʔim 
at first 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
at first  
hinasiƛ 
hinasiƛ 
arrive 
they go to 
hiiɬc̉aqiɬʔi 
hiiɬc̉aqiɬ 
rear of house 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
be at the rear of the house 
. 

Again they go rapidly, first to the rear of the room.

1.1362
kaƛħsaap̉aƛƛaa 
kaaƛħsap 
take out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they take out 
ħiin̉aakʔi 
ħiin̉a 
quartz 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their quartzes 
. 

Again they show their quartzes.

1.1363
kiik 
kiik 
waaʔaƛukƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
=ƛaa 
again 
again theirs say 
kiikỷak 
kiikỷakʷ 
mouth whistle 
whistles 
. 

"Kiik", again their whistles say.

1.1364
ƛ̉iixšiʔaƛƛaa 
ƛ̉iixšiƛ 
laugh 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again laugh 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ʔiqsiɬaƛƛaa 
ʔiqsiɬa 
do so 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they do so again 
qʷaaʔapʔitq 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they were doing 
c̉ic̉iimaɬinkqčik 
c̉ic̉iimaɬinkʷ 
wag heads to each other 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
going along wagging their heads  
ʔaʔaaƛačink 
DUP- 
DIST 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
two together 
qaqaqaačc̉ačink 
DUP- 
DIST 
DUP- 
DIST 
qacc̉a 
three 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
three together 
hiitac̉upiƛ 
hitac̉upiƛ 
go to the centre of the room 
going to the centre of the room 
. 

The people laugh and again do as before, wagging their heads at one another, in twos and in threes going to the middle of the room.

1.1365
ʔuʔumħiỷapƛaa 
ʔuʔumħiỷap 
be appropriate 
=ƛaa 
again 
they complete properly 
ʔanicšiƛ 
ʔanicšiƛ 
do thus 
they do thus 
ƛ̉iixʷaa 
ƛ̉iixʷaa 
laughing 
laughing 
weeweeweewee 
waaʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they say again 
. 

Again they complete their spell of laughing and say, "Wewewewe".

1.1366
čamiiqawiʔaƛƛaa 
čamiiqawiƛ 
sober up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they sober up 
ƛakišiʔaƛ 
ƛakišiƛ 
stand up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they stood up 
hawiiʔaƛƛaa 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
stop 
ƛ̉iixʷaa 
ƛ̉iixʷaa 
laughing 
laughing 
. 

They sober up and arise without laughing.

1.1367
ħap̉it 
ħa 
complete 
-p̉it3 
... times 
they did the full number of times 
muup̉it 
muup̉it 
four times 
four times 
ƛ̉iixšiƛ 
ƛ̉iixšiƛ 
laugh 
laughing 
ħačatak 
ħačat 
all 
all 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finished 
. 

Full four times all the people laugh and then they finished.

1.1368
ħačiiɬšiƛ 
ħačiiɬšiƛ 
complete a full cycle 
they completed a full cycle 
muučiiɬšiƛ 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
they did for four days 
hiiniiʔasčiiɬ 
hiiniiʔasčiiɬ 
go in and out of the house 
go in and out of the house 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dance 
. 

They reached the full four days of going in and out doing imitative dances.

1.1369
mačiiɬħʔaƛitaʔaaɬa 
mačiiɬ 
be in house 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-a 
ABS? 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
they always did so inside the house 
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
maħt̉iiʔakitqas 
maħt̉ii 
house 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
which was my house 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dances 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔiiħitqa 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that it was big 
. 

They did the dances inside the house I owned, because it was big.

1.1370
wik̉aƛitaʔaaɬa 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
they did not do 
hinimʔas 
hina 
LOC 
-imʔas 
go about village 
going about the village 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dances 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
since 
humaqƛiɬitqaʔaaɬa 
humaqƛ 
all together 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
all of them were in the house 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
hiiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
. 

They did not dance about the village because all the people were there in the house.
pg. 145 begins above

1.1371
wik̉aƛquu 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they did not 
waɬkʷačiƛ 
waɬkʷačiƛ 
go right home 
go right home 
. 

They did not go home.

1.1372
hiiɬħʔaƛquu 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would be there 
hiitac̉upiƛ 
hitac̉upiƛ 
go to the centre of the room 
going to the centre of the room 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dances 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
ʔaaneʔitq 
ʔana 
thus much 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
thus much 
. 

All night the imitative dancers would be going to the middle of the room.

1.1373
haʔukšiʔaƛquu 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would eat 
čaani 
čaani 
at first 
first 
ʔapw̉anuʔaƛquu 
ʔapw̉inƛ 
midday 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it was midnight 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
. 

They would eat a bit at midnight.

1.1374
hiyisik̉ʷaqƛasc̉a 
hisiikʷ 
go along 
-ˀaqƛ1 
inside 
-aˑsc̉a 
on a roof 
they went along throught the roof 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
niityuuʔi 
niityuu 
house beam 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house beams 
ƛapisaqin̉akʔi 
ƛapisaqin̉akʷ 
Raccoon dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
those doing the Raccoon dance 
timskaa 
timskaa 
trilling 
trilling 
ƛapisaqin̉akʔi 
ƛapisaqin̉akʷ 
Raccoon dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
those doing the Raccoon dance 
ʔaya 
ʔaya 
many 
many 
suukʷita 
suukʷita 
dance-helpers 
dance-helpers 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
natnaašuk 
našuk 
strong.pl 
strong 
. 

The raccoon dancers came down from the roof thru the beams, the many dance helpers, strong young men, made a trilling sound.

1.1375
ʔuucuksi 
ʔuucuk 
belong to 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
mine belonged to 
mista kinɔɔnit 
mista kinɔɔnit 
Mr. Guillod 
Mr. Guillod 
c̉istuup 
c̉istuˑp 
rope 
rope 
ỷaaq 
ỷaˑq 
long 
long 
ƛukʷiit 
ƛukʷiit 
thick 
thick 
šipʔatħckʷi 
šip 
ship 
-ˀatħ1 
live at 
-ckʷiˑ 
remains of... 
had belonged to a ship 
. 

I had a long stout rope from a ship that had belonged to Mr. Guillod.

1.1376
c̉isšiʔaƛquu 
c̉isšiƛ 
form a single file 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
it formed a line 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔucačiƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
going to 
hinaayiɬʔi 
hinaayiɬ 
roof 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the roof 
c̉istuupʔi 
c̉istuˑp 
rope 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the rope 
. 

It stretched up to the roof.

1.1377
hiisiikʷan̉awiʔaƛquu 
hiisiikʷan̉awiƛ 
go along s.t. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would go along s.t. 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ƛapisaqin̉akʔi 
ƛapisaqin̉akʷ 
Raccoon dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
those doing the Raccoon dance 
saan̉uuƛ 
saan̉awiƛ 
crawl along 
crawling along it 
. 

The raccoon dancers would go crawling along it.

1.1378
c̉iiqaaʔaƛ 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were chanting 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
. 

The men and women chanted.

1.1379
c̉iiʕakƛimʔaƛ 
c̉iiʕakƛim 
trailing chanter 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
the trailing chanters did 
ʔuʔuyaqħʔaƛ 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
sing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they sang 
ʔuuỷaksam̉inħukʔi 
ʔuỷakʷ 
used for 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
theirs for doing it 
c̉iiʕakƛimỷakuk 
c̉iiʕakƛimỷakʷ 
trailing chant 
-uk 
IMPF 
trailing chant 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
. 

The trailing chanters sang their trailing chant.
pg. 146 begins below

1.1380
ʔaħkuuʔakħ 
ʔaħkuu 
here 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
here is mine 
c̉iiʕakƛimỷak 
c̉iiʕakƛimỷakʷ 
trailing chant 
trailing chant 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
yayaqʷiyaqħitiis 
DUP- 
SUF 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iyaqħ 
sing ... song [R] 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
the one which I sang 
c̉iiʕakƛim 
c̉iiʕakƛim 
trailing chanter 
trailing chanters 
qʷiyiik 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-(y)iik 
2s.INDF.REL 
when you did 
ƛ̉icaʕukʷin̉ak 
ƛ̉icaʕukʷin̉akʷ 
Mouse or Rat dance 
Mouse dance 
ʔiqsuuqƛħʔat 
ʔiqsuuqƛ 
still in womb 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀat 
PASS 
while still being in the womb 
. 

Here is my chant for trailing chanters, the one I used the time you were doing the mouse dance while still in your mother's womb.

1.1381
|| 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
moo 
ƛukwanaa 
ʔahiyaa 
haŋaa 
hiiyihiyaa 
ʔahee 
woowohowaa 
ʔahiyaahaaŋa 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
moo 
ƛukwanaa 
ʔahiyaa 
haaŋa 
hiiyihiyee 
ʔahee 
moowohowaa 
ʔahiya 
haqaa 
, 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
part 
, 
ħawiiɬħukʷeʔiic 
ƛukwanee 
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
yaawaa 
ƛukʷaanee 
ʔahiyee 
hiiyihiyee 
ʔahee 
hoowahowaa 
ʔahiiyaa 
haaŋaa 
haw̉iqƛukʷeʔiic 
ƛukʷanee 
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
||. 

"Yaa wuu Wolf Ritual ahiyaa Wolf Ritual", go the words, "you have a chief who is a Wolf Ritual member, yii yaawuu Wolf Ritual, your Wolf Ritual is hungry".

1.1382
ʔuwaaqħʔaƛ 
ʔuwaa 
say 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it means  
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔayaakqa 
ʔaya 
many 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that he has much 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
. 

That means he has much food.

1.1383
ʔuunuuƛʔaaqƛ̉aƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
for that reason he will do 
haʔuk̉ʷap 
haʔuk̉ʷap 
feed s.o. 
feed those 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

Therefore he will feast the multitude.

1.1384
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
it is because 
waaʔak 
waa 
say 
-ˀak 
POSS 
it says in its 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔayaakqaʔaaɬa 
ʔaya 
much 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
one always gets much 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
ʔuun̉ak̉aƛquu 
ʔuun̉akʷ 
dance 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they would imitate in dance 
ƛ̉iicaʕuk 
ƛ̉icaʕuk 
mouse 
mice 
. 

The words go thus because one always has much food when one imitates mice in dance.
pg. 147 begins here

1.1385
muučiiɬšiʔaƛ 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it took four days 
. 

It took four days (to end).

1.1386
qʷaaʔaƛuk 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
its was thus 
qʷeeʔiitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what is a 
muuneeʔi 
muunaˑ 
mill 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
mill 
huħhuħšukʔi 
huħhuħš 
howl at intervals 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones howling at intervals 
. 

It was like blasts of a factory whistle;

1.1387
qʷaaʔaƛ 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was just as 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔaƛp̉iiɬʔi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉iˑɬʷ2 
...songs 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the two 
saasaqi 
saasaqi 
cannon 
cannons 
ƛ̉iiʕin 
ƛ̉iiʕin 
sound of shooting 
sound of shooting 
ƛ̉iisšiʔaƛquu 
ƛ̉isšiƛ 
dawn 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it is dawn 
ʔaaƛp̉itʕin 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉it3 
... times 
-ˀin3 
sound of [R] 
making the sound twice 
. 

that was what the two cannons were like, shooting off twice when dawn came.

1.1388
muučiiɬšiʔaƛ 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was four days 
qiic̉uukʷiiɬʔap 
qiic̉uukʷiiɬ 
do late at night 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
doing so late at night 
yaciɬ 
yac 
step 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
staying in the house 
ʔaaƛp̉iiɬʔap 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉iˑɬʷ1 
... long objects 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
do until two 
waač 
waač 
o'clock 
o'clock 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
. 

There had been four days of staying in the house till as late as two o'clock in the night.

1.1389
yackʷačiʔaƛ 
yackʷačiƛ 
disperse 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they dispersed 
. 

Then they dispersed.

1.1390
haw̉aqstuʔaƛ 
haw̉aqstawiƛ 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they had eaten 
čaani 
čaani 
for a while 
for a while 
ʔapw̉anuʔaƛquu 
ʔapw̉inƛ 
midday 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
midnight 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
. 

They had eaten a bit at midnight.

1.1391
n̉upup̉iɬčaƛquu 
n̉upu 
six 
-p̉iˑɬʷ1 
... long objects 
-či2 
at 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it was six (o'clock) 
kuʔaɬ 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
in the morning 
ʔuušiin̉akšiƛƛaa 
ʔuušiin̉akšiƛ 
perform imitative dance 
=ƛaa 
again 
they started doing imitative dances 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dances 
. 

At six in the morning the many dancers resumed the imitative dances.

1.1392
kaaƛħšiƛšiƛƛaa 
kaaƛħšiƛšiƛ 
begin to appear 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they began to appear 
. 

Again they began to appear.

1.1393
hinasiƛƛaa 
hinasiƛ 
reach 
=ƛaa 
again 
it again reached 
ʔapw̉in n̉aas 
ʔapw̉in n̉aas 
midday 
midday 
. 

It again reached midday.

1.1394
ʔaħʔaaƛaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
=ƛaa 
again 
again that way 
haʔukšiƛƛaa 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
=ƛaa 
again 
they ate again 
čaani 
čaani 
for a while 
for a while 
. 

Again they ate a while.

1.1395
hiitac̉upiƛšiƛƛaa 
hiitac̉upiƛšiƛ 
begin to come out onto floor 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again began coming out onto the floor 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dances 
hawiiʔaƛquu 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it had finished 
ʔapw̉in 
ʔapw̉in 
middle 
midday 
. 

They again began coming out onto the floor doing imitative dances when it had passed midday.

1.1396
hinasiƛƛaa 
hinasiƛ 
reach 
=ƛaa 
again 
it again reached 
hiitac̉upiƛ 
hitac̉upiƛ 
go to the centre of the room 
they went to the centre of the room 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dances 
n̉upup̉iɬčinƛ 
n̉upu 
six 
-p̉iˑɬʷ1 
... long objects 
-činawiƛ 
put into container 
until six (o'clock) 
tuupšiƛ 
tuupšiƛ 
evening 
in the evening 
. 

After mid-day they continued the performance, till six o'clock in the evening.

1.1397
ʔaħʔaaƛaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
=ƛaa 
again 
again that way 
huʔaasƛaa 
huʔaas 
once again 
=ƛaa 
again 
they did once again 
haʔukšiƛ 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
eating 
ʔuušiin̉akšiƛƛaa 
ʔuušiin̉akšiƛ 
perform imitative dance 
=ƛaa 
again 
they started doing imitative dances 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
hiitac̉upiƛšiƛƛaa 
hiitac̉upiƛšiƛ 
begin to come out onto floor 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again began coming out onto the floor 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dances 
hawiiʔaƛquu 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they finished 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eating 
. 

Again they ate and resumed doing the imitative dances after they finished the meal.
pg. 148 begins above

1.1398
hinasiƛƛaa 
hinasiƛ 
reach 
=ƛaa 
again 
it again reached 
ʔapw̉in ʔatħii 
ʔapw̉in ʔatħii 
midnight 
midnight 
hiitac̉upiiɬ 
hiitac̉upiiɬ 
in the middle of the floor 
doing in the middle of the floor 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dances 
. 

They went on till midnight doing dance after dance.

1.1399
ƛaħʔaƛ 
ƛaħʷ 
at present 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
now they did 
ʔiiħʔaƛ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
big 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
meal 
ʔaaƛtaqšiʔaƛ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-taqšiƛ1 
before ...ing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did twice 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
ʔapw̉inʔaƛquu 
ʔapw̉in 
middle 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it was the middle  
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
. 

This time they had two big meals after midnight.

1.1400
hiinaasiiɬʔap̉aƛƛaa 
hiinaasiiɬʔap 
continue until 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they continued until 
ʔaƛp̉iiɬči 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉iˑɬʷ1 
... long objects 
-či2 
at 
at two (o'clock) 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
. 

They went on until two o'clock at night.

1.1401
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ħaaħaaħanuʔaƛ 
ħaaħaaħanawiƛ 
reach the end 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they reached the end 
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finished 
waɬkʷačiʔaƛ 
waɬkʷačiƛ 
go right home 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went right home 
. 

They reached the end, finished and dispersed to their homes.

1.1402
ʔuʔustukħʔaƛ 
ʔustukħ 
for that reason 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did for that reason 
ʔiiħʔaƛ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
big 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
naỷiiʔakʔaaqƛ̉aƛ 
naỷii 
at once 
-akʷ 
IMPF 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they would do right away 
weʔičuƛ 
weʔičawiƛ 
sleep 
fall asleep 
waɬšiʔiikquu 
waɬšiƛ 
go home 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they got home 
. 

They ate big so they would fall asleep right away when they got home.

1.1403
muučiiɬšiƛ 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
they did for four days 
qʷaaʔap 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
doing 
hiinaasiiɬʔap 
hiinaasiiɬʔap 
continue until 
continuing until 
ʔaƛp̉iiɬči 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉iˑɬʷ1 
... long objects 
-či2 
at 
at two (o'clock) 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
waɬkʷačiʔaƛ 
waɬkʷačiƛ 
go right home 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went right home 
kuuʔaɬtaʕiƛ 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
-taʕiƛ 
start from ... [L] 
starting from the morning 
yaciɬ 
yac 
step 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
going home 
. 

For four days they had continued till two o'clock at night before they went home after beginning in the morning.

1.1404
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
muučiiɬšiʔaƛquu 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
after they did so for four days 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dances 
ƛatčpiʔaƛ 
ƛatč 
rigid of body 
-‘ipiƛ 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they got stiff in the house 
. 

After four days of imitative dancing, (the novices) got stiff in the house.

1.1405
ʔeʔimʔap̉aƛ 
ʔeʔim 
as soon as 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
as soon as it did 
ƛ̉iscuw̉atšiƛ 
ƛ̉iscuw̉atšiƛ 
dawn approaches 
dawn approaches 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ħiiqšiʔaƛ 
ħiiqšiƛ 
growl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they growled 
. 

As soon as dawn approached they growled.

1.1406
ʕħaa 
ʕħaa 
'haa 
'Haa 
ʕħaa 
ʕħaa 
'haa 
'Haa 
ʕħaa 
ʕħaa 
'haa 
'Haa 
ʕħaa 
ʕħaa 
'haa 
'Haa 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
ħaačatuuʔaƛ 
ħaačatuwa 
all together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all did together 
qʷam̉aac̉uɬʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-c̉uˑɬ 
... initiate in Wolf Ritual 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all who were novices 
. 

"Haa haa haa haa", all the novices said together.

1.1407
ƛaƛatčw̉isamaħsɔɔ 
DUP- 
SUF 
ƛatč 
rigid of body 
-w̉isa 
escape [R] 
-(m)aħsuu 
1>2.IND 
-ee 
VOC 
you have become stiff on my hands 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
ħačiiyipiʔaƛquu 
ħačiiɬ 
complete a full cycle 
-‘ipiƛ 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they completed a full cycle of 
muu 
muu 
four 
four 
. 

"They have become stiff on my hands," someone said after the full four (days) had passed.
pg. 149 begins here

1.1408
ƛatčpiƛukʷaħsɔɔ 
ƛatčpiƛ 
be rigid of the body 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)aħsuu 
1>2.IND 
yours is rigid 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
speaking 
ƛaƛatčw̉isamaħsɔɔ 
DUP- 
SUF 
ƛatč 
rigid of body 
-w̉isa 
escape [R] 
-(m)aħsuu 
1>2.IND 
-ee 
VOC 
they have become rigid in my hands 
. 

"They have been seized with catalepsy on my hands," they said

1.1409
ʔuuščiʔatħmees 
ʔuuščiʔatħmas 
neighbour 
neighbours! 
ƛatčpiƛukʷaħsɔɔ 
ƛatčpiƛ 
be rigid of the body 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)aħsuu 
1>2.IND 
yours is rigid 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
. 

"Fellow tribesmen, they have become stiff," they said

1.1410
ɬaakšiƛʔaaqƛeʔic 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
please do 
tiič̉inħšiƛ 
tiič̉inħšiƛ 
restore life 
restore life 
qʷam̉eeʔitqak 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
all of you 
ɬaakšiƛ 
ɬaakšiƛ 
please do 
please do 
. 

"All of you, please restore life."

1.1411
ƛ̉iʕaƛ̉aƛuksiƛaa 
ƛ̉iʕaƛ 
fire a weapon 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
also 
mine also shot off 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
saasaqi 
saasaqi 
cannon 
cannons 
ƛ̉iʕaƛƛaa 
ƛ̉iʕaƛ 
fire a weapon 
=ƛaa 
also 
also it fired 
ƛaʔuu 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
another 
. 

" My cannon shot off and also another.

1.1412
yaacšiʔaƛ̉ee 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
-ee 
VOC 
go now! 
waaqħʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
it says 
. 

It meant, "Now set out".

1.1413
yaacšiʔaƛƛaa 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they went 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
mačinuʔaƛƛaa 
mačinawiƛ 
enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again entered the house 
. 

The Tsishaa and Huupachas people came and entered the house.

1.1414
t̉iickšiʔaƛƛaa 
t̉iickšiƛ 
drum 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
=again 
it again started drumming 
ħačatpiʔaƛʔitq 
ħačatpiƛ 
all are in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when all were in the house 
. 

When all were in, the drumming started again.

1.1415
c̉iiʕaqiičiʔaƛƛaa 
c̉iiʕaqiičiƛ 
all begin chanting 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they started chanting 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
men 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
. 

The men and women all started to chant.

1.1416
ʔiqsiɬasaƛƛaa 
ʔiqsiɬa 
do so 
-sasa 
just [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they did just so 
qʷeeʔiitqʔaaɬa 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
=ʔaaɬa 
=always 
that which it is like 
ʔam̉aaỷip̉aƛquu 
ʔam̉iiỷip 
get first 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they had just rescued 
m̉aaỷip 
m̉aaỷip 
take from the wolves 
taking from the wolves 
. 

They did just as before when they had just rescued the wolf captives from the wolves.

1.1417
ʔiinaxiičiʔaƛ 
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
dress up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they dressed up 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
young men 
. 

The young men donned their regalia.

1.1418
k̉ʷaaɬiicuʔaƛ 
k̉ʷaaɬiicawiƛ2 
put branches around the head 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they put branches around their heads 
. 

They put branches round their heads.

1.1419
k̉ʷaaɬw̉anuʔaƛ 
k̉ʷaaɬw̉anawiƛ 
put branches around waist 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they put branches around their waists 
. 

They put branches round their waists.

1.1420
ʕayaqin̉akʔaaqƛ̉aƛ 
ʕayaqin̉akʷ1 
Rotten-fish dance 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were going to do the Rotten-fish dance 
. 

They were going to do the Rotten-fish dance.

1.1421
ƛatčiɬʔaƛ 
ƛatč 
rigid of body 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were stiff in the house 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
qʷam̉aac̉uɬitʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-c̉uˑɬ 
... initiate in Wolf Ritual 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all the ones who were initiates 
. 

All the novices were stiff in the house.

1.1422
k̉ʷiixʕinčiʔaƛ 
k̉ʷiixʕinčiƛ 
begin making sucking sounds 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began making sucking sounds 
ʔinxeeʔi 
ʔinxaa 
getting ready 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones getting ready 
. 

The ones getting ready began making sucking sounds.

1.1423
ʕaaχ 
ʕaaχ 
ʕaaχ 
ʕaaχ 
wawiičiʔaƛ 
wawiičiƛ 
start to say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started to say 
t̉ickpiiyaqħʔaƛ 
t̉ickaa 
drum 
-piˑyaqħ 
accompany 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
the did in accompaniment with drumming 
ʔinxaa 
ʔiinaxi 
get ready 
getting ready 
. 

"Aah aah aah aah", they began to say along with the drum while getting ready.
pg. 150 begins above

1.1424
huu 
huu 
ho 
huu 
huu 
huu 
ho 
huu 
huu 
huu 
ho 
huu 
huu 
huu 
ho 
huu 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
miɬʕaƛ̉aƛ 
miɬʕaƛ 
shout in unison 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
shouting in unison 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

"Huu huu huu huu", said the many people shouting in unison.

1.1425
kiiɬnaqšiʔaƛ 
kiiɬnaqšiƛ 
shout 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they shouted 
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went out 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʕayaqin̉akʔi 
ʕayaqin̉akʷ1 
Rotten-fish dance 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the Rotten-fish dancers 
. 

They let out a shout and the Rotten-fish dancers went outside.

1.1426
ʔukɬaaʔaƛ 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it is called 
ʕayaqin̉ak 
ʕayaqin̉akʷ1 
Rotten-fish dance 
Rotten-fish dance 
. 

It is called the Rotten-fish dance.

1.1427
ʕħaahababa 
ʕħaabababa 
wawaaqčik̉aƛ 
wawaa 
say 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said while going along 
. 

"Haabababa haabababa", they say as they go along.

1.1428
hiisiikciiʕasʔaƛ 
hiisiikciiʕas 
go along the outside wall of house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they go along the side of the house 
maamaħt̉iʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the houses 
ɬaaqɬaaqʷaƛ 
ɬaqʷ 
throw soft mass 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
throwing 
c̉ak̉umc 
c̉ak̉umc 
mud 
mud 
qʷiqʷiʔasʔitq 
DUP- 
DIST 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ˀas3 
on ground 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
other things on the ground 
. 

They go along the side of the houses throwing mud and other stuff on the ground.

1.1429
ʔaanaštisʔaƛ 
ʔaanaštis 
do at random 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they do it at random 
ɬaaqɬaaqʷa 
ɬaaqɬaaqʷa 
throwing soft mass 
throwing soft mass 
ɬaqst̉aɬʔaƛ 
ɬaqst̉aɬ 
throw at each other 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
throwing at each other 
ʔukʷačink̉aƛ 
ʔukʷačinkʷ 
reciprocally 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
doing to one another 
. 

They throw it at random, even throwing at each other.

1.1430
ʔuħtaaʔaƛ 
ʔuħtaa 
towards 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did it to 
yaaʔaɬaqeʔi 
yaaʔaɬ 
look on 
-ˀaqa 
several ...-ing 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were looking on 
ɬaaqɬaaqʷa 
ɬaaqɬaaqʷa 
throwing soft mass 
throwing soft mass 
. 

They throw it at the onlookers.

1.1431
hayuxỷuk̉ʷaƛ 
hayux 
insane 
-ỷuu2 
refer to 
-uk 
IMPF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they are crazy 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
k̉ʷixaaʔaƛqa 
k̉ʷixaa 
be sucking 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that they were sucking 
. 

They are crazed from sucking.

1.1432
ħaciiỷiƛ 
ħaciiɬ 
go entire length 
-ˀiƛ 
invite [L] 
they go the entire length inviting 
huʔap̉inqsaʕas 
huuʔap̉inq 
go back and forth 
-saˑp 
PRF.CAUS 
-ˀas5 
go to 
they go back along the houses 
hineeʔiƛ 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
entering 
hisaačiƛʔitq 
hisaačiƛ 
set out from 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where they came from 
. 

They reach the end of the village and go back, entering the house they set out from.

1.1433
ƛaħʔaƛ 
ƛaħʷ 
at present 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
now 
ʔiiħʔaaqƛ̉aƛ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were going to do much 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
. 

This time they were going to eat a lot.

1.1434
siqaaʔaƛ 
siqaa 
cook 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was cooking now 
ʔaya 
ʔaya 
many 
many 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
. 

A lot of food was being cooked.

1.1435
humaqƛiiʔiʔaƛ 
humaqƛ 
all together 
-ayiiʔiƛ 
in house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all get inside 
yaaʔaɬitʔi 
yaaʔaɬ 
look on 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who were looking on 
ʕayaqin̉ak 
ʕayaqin̉akʷ1 
Rotten-fish dance 
Rotten-fish dance 
. 

All the ones watching the Rotten-fish dance go inside.

1.1436
ʔukɬaaʔaƛ 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it is called 
ʔuunuuʔaƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
because 
ʔuuksnaaʕaɬ 
ʔuuksnaaʕaɬ 
play with 
they play with 
p̉ip̉išχʔasʔi 
DUP- 
DIST 
p̉išχ 
dirty 
-ˀas3 
on ground 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
dirty things all over the ground 
. 

It is called the (rotten-fish dance) because they play with nasty stuff on the ground.

1.1437
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it is not 
k̉ʷixaa 
k̉ʷixaa 
be sucking 
sucking 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
called 
. 

It is not called sucking.
pg. 151 begins here

1.1438
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔuuʔiʔaƛ 
ʔuuʔiƛ1 
go for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they go for 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
singing secret chants 
tiič̉inħỷakm̉inħukʔi 
tiič̉inħỷakʷ 
life-restoring chant 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their life-restoring chants 
quqʷaas 
quuʔas 
person.pl 
people 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
huʔiiʔiʔaƛʔitq 
huʔiiʔiƛ 
re-enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when they re-enter the house 
ʕayaqin̉akitʔi 
ʕayaqin̉akʷ1 
Rotten-fish dance 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones doing the Rotten-fish dance 
. 

When the Rotten-fish dancers go back inside, the people start singing life-restoring chants.

1.1439
ɬačiʔaƛ 
ɬačiƛ 
give up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they give up 
yayaqʷiyaqħitʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iyaqħ 
sing ... song [R] 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they had been singing 
. 

They drop what they had been singing.

1.1440
wawiičiʔaƛƛaa 
wawiičiƛ 
start to say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again say 
wawaamitʔitq 
wawaa 
say 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as they had said 
qʷiyiʔitq 
qʷiyii 
when 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when 
k̉ʷixp̉uuƛ 
k̉ʷixp̉awiƛ 
pay for sucking 
as pay for sucking 
. 

They again say what they had said when paid after the suck dance.

1.1441
ʔaahahaha 
ʔahahahaha 
ʔaaƛp̉itʕinʔaƛƛaa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉it3 
... times 
-ˀin3 
sound of [R] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they do twice again 
. 

"Aahahaha ahahahaha", they say twice each time.

1.1442
ƛaħʔaƛ 
ƛaħʷ 
at present 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
now 
čamaasʔaƛ 
čamaas 
earnestly 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they do in earnest 
tiič̉inħ 
tiič̉inħ 
restore life 
restoring life 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
tiičaỷapʔaaqƛ̉aƛqa 
tiičaỷap 
revive 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
since they are trying to revive them  
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ƛaƛinčħiɬm̉inħʔaƛʔi 
ƛatč 
rigid of body.pl 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who were stiff in the house 
. 

This time they do the life-restoring with vim, for they are trying to bring the ones who were stiff in the house to life.

1.1443
ʔiiqħiiʔaƛƛaa 
ʔiiqħii 
same 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they would do in the same way 
ʕimtʕimtam̉inħuk 
ʕimtʕimta 
singing words 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-uk 
POSS 
the words of their 
tiič̉inħỷak 
tiič̉inħỷakʷ 
life-restoring chant 
life-restoring chants 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chants 
. 

The words of the life-restoring chants are as before.

1.1444
ʕinsʕinsaƛuk 
ʕinsʕinsa 
be swinging 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
they are swinging 
kuxmin 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
wooden rattles 
ʔeeʔiiħtaqaƛ 
ʔeeʔiiħtaqa 
do jerkily 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
doing jerkily 
niiƛniiya 
niiƛniiya2 
be rattling 
rattling it 
. 

They shake their rattles, doing so jerkily.

1.1445
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
ʔuuʔiƛʔaaqƛ̉aƛaħ 
ʔuuʔiƛ1 
go for 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am going to do 
yaqii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
which does 
wiwiikan̉uuħ 
DUP- 
PL 
wik 
not 
along ... [L] 
have none along it 
ʕimtʕimta 
ʕimtʕimta 
singing words 
the words 
c̉iiqỷakm̉inħ 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
the chants 
tiič̉inħỷakƛaa 
tiič̉inħỷakʷ 
life-restoring chant 
=ƛaa 
again 
and also a life-restoring chant 
. 

Well, I will sing a chant which has no words, and also a life restoring song.
pg. 152 begins below

1.1446
|| 
hiiyuwiiŋaaqa 
yuwiiyaaŋa 
hiiyu 
wiiyaaŋa 
hiyee 
hiyiis 
there on beach 
there on beach 
ʔayiyaaŋa 
hiyaa 
howii 
ʔaayiŋaŋa 
hiyaŋa 
yiya 
howaaŋa 
howii 
hiiyuwiiŋaaŋa 
yuwiiŋaaŋaa 
hiiyuwiiyaaŋa 
yiyee 
ʔayiyaaŋa 
yiyaa 
howiiya 
yiiyii 
||. 

1.1447
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
hiisaap̉aʔaaɬma 
hiisaap̉aʔaaɬ 
go so far 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it goes so far 
ʕuusʔuuʔaƛƛaa 
ʕuusʔawiƛ 
repeat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they repeats again 
. 

"Hiiyuwiiyaanga.", it goes that far and then repeats.

1.1448
ʔeʔimʔap̉aƛƛaa 
ʔeʔim 
as soon as 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
as soon as it does 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
be silent 
be silent 
hixuqšiʔaƛƛaa 
hixuqšiƛ 
shout 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they shout again 
. 

As soon as the song ends, they yell again.

1.1449
ʔaahahaha 
waaʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they said again 
ʔaƛp̉itʕaƛ 
ʔaƛp̉it 
twice 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
making it sound twice 
. 

"Aahahaha", they said twice.

1.1450
wik̉aƛma 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it was not 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ħamat 
ħamat 
known 
known 
yaqʷacuusi 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ac1 
belong to 
-(w)uusi 
3.Rel.Dub 
whom it belongs to 
. 

Who it belongs to is not known.

1.1451
ʔaayuuʔaƛitaʔaaɬa 
ʔaayuu 
many do together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)aˑ 
IMPF 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
many always did together 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
sing 
singing 
miɬaatuk̉ʷaƛ 
miɬ 
at same time 
-aˑtuk 
make ... sound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
making the sound at the same time 
. 

Many used to sing at the same time together.

1.1452
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
ƛaʔuumaƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
=ƛaa 
also 
it is another one also 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
tiič̉inħỷak 
tiič̉inħỷakʷ 
life-restoring chant 
life-restoring chants 
ƛ̉aaskaan̉uɬ 
ƛ̉aaskaan̉uɬ 
bare-along-its-length 
bare-along-its-length 
wik̉iituk 
wik̉iit 
eliminate 
-uk 
IMPF 
there is no 
ʕimtʕimta 
ʕimtʕimta 
singing words 
words 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
. 

Well, here is another life-restoring song bare along its length (i.e. without words); the chant has no words.

1.1453
|| 
wiiŋiiŋi 
kʷiiniiyaa 
howee 
yahowii 
yahowa 
yahowii 
yaahowa 
wiŋiiyaahowee 
yahowiiŋahowee 
||. 

"Wiingiiyi."

1.1454
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔaaʔaanuwasa 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔanaħʷ 
size 
-waˑ 
say [R] 
-sasa 
only [L] 
it only says that 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʕuusʔuuʔaƛ 
ʕuusʔawiƛ 
repeat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it repeats 
. 

That is all there is to it, it goes that far and repeats.

1.1455
ʔaahahaha 
waaỷakƛinuʔaƛƛaa 
waaỷakƛinawiƛ 
say in conclusion 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again say at the end 
qʷaaʔapʔitq 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they were doing 
. 

Again they say "Aahahaha" at the end of what they were doing.
pg. 153 begins here

1.1456
wik̉aƛma 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it was not 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
kamat 
ħamat+dial. var. of 
known 
known 
yaqʷacuusi 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ac1 
belong to 
-(w)uusi 
3.Rel.Dub 
whom it belongs to 
. 

It is also unknown who it belongs to.

1.1457
ʔinštisʔaƛmaʔaaɬa 
ʔinštis 
no matter 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
some always do so 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
young men 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
sing 
singing 
ħaaʔuqħšiiɬʔaƛ 
ħaaʔuuqħšiiɬ 
take turns 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they took them up in turn 
. 

The young men take up singing in turn.

1.1458
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
ƛaʔuuƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
=ƛaa 
again 
again another 
ỷuuqʷaaƛaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
=ƛaa 
again 
it too again 
ƛ̉aaskaan̉uɬ 
ƛ̉aaskaan̉uɬ 
bare-along-its-length 
is bare-along-its-length 
wik̉iituk 
wik̉iit 
eliminate 
-uk 
IMPF 
there is no 
ʕimtʕimta 
ʕimtʕimta 
singing words 
singing the words 
tiič̉inħỷak 
tiič̉inħỷakʷ 
life-restoring chant 
life-restoring chants 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
. 

Well, again another chant also has no words, a life-restoring chant has no words.

1.1459
|| 
yaŋaahowii 
yaŋaahowii 
yaŋahowii 
ʔahee 
yaŋaaʔaahee 
hihiyahowa 
||. 

1.1460
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔaanaqimɬsama 
ʔana 
only 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is only that long 
hiisaap̉aʔaaɬsa 
hiisaap̉aʔaaɬ 
go so far 
-sasa 
only [L] 
it only goes so far 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʕuusʔuuʔaƛƛaa 
ʕuusʔawiƛ 
repeat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
it repeats again 
. 

It is only that long, going only so far and then it repeats again.

1.1461
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it is not 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ħamat 
ħamat 
known 
known 
yaqʷacii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ac1 
belong to 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
the one to whom belongs 
. 

It is also not known to whom it belongs.

1.1462
haahahaha 
haahahaha 
waaỷakƛinɬʔaƛ 
waaỷakƛinɬ 
say at the end 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it said at the end of each 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ħaačatʕin 
ħačat 
all 
-ˀin3 
sound of [R] 
all say  
ʔaaƛtaqʕin 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-taq3 
... times 
-ˀin3 
sound of [R] 
sounding twice 
. 

"Haahahaha", all say twice at the ending of each verse.

1.1463
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
haʔukšiʔaƛ 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began to eat 
čaani 
čaani 
for a while 
for a while 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
. 

They again began to eat food for a while.

1.1464
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then 
n̉uššiʔaƛ 
n̉uššiƛ 
distribute property 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
handed out 
hawiiʔaƛʔitq 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones had stopped 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
. 

After that I distributed gifts to the ones who had finished eating.

1.1465
ʔukšiʔaƛsi 
ʔukšiƛ 
put forth 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I put forth 
muup̉it 
muup̉it 
four times 
four times 
suč̉iiq 
suč̉iiq 
hundred 
hundred 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
takʷaa 
takʷa 
exclusively that 
exclusively that 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
. 

I put forth four hundred dollars, all in (silver) dollars.
pg. 154 begins here.

1.1466
ħasiiksi 
ħasiikʷ1 
finish 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I finished 
hiinaħuup 
hinaħawup 
put in front of 
putting it in front of 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
. 

I finished presenting to the Huupachas and Tsishaa people.

1.1467
hisyuuʔakqačka 
hisyuu 
shredded cedar bark 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑčka 
2s.DUB 
I think it is his shredded cedar bark 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
kaʔupšiƛ 
kaʔupšiƛ 
name s.t. 
naming 
yaqsiiħʔiipʔitq 
yaqsiiħʔiipʔitq 
recipient 
recipient 
. 

"I think that is his shredded cedar bark", (the spokesman) said, naming the recipient.

1.1468
n̉uššiʔaƛ 
n̉uššiƛ 
distribute property 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she handed out 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
yaqcħiqas 
yaqcħi 
spouse 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my wife 
qicaaɬ 
qicaaɬ 
calico 
calico 
ƛ̉aχaas 
ƛ̉aχaas 
plates 
plates 
. 

My wife also distributed calico and plates.

1.1469
muuħtaakuk 
muu 
four 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-uk 
IMPF 
she had four containers 
ƛ̉apaat 
ƛ̉apaˑt 
basket 
baskets 
qicaaɬ 
qicaaɬ 
calico 
calico 
ʔuc̉uu 
ʔuc̉uu 
be inside 
be inside 
. 

She had four storage baskets with calico inside.

1.1470
ħayaak 
ħayu 
ten 
-ˀak 
POSS 
they had ten 
kač̉ak 
kač̉akʷ 
yard 
yards 
ħatkm̉iiħ 
high caste woman 
high caste women 
ʔuč̉ak 
DUP- 
SUF 
-č̉akʷ 
instrument 
for them 
. 

Women of high rank got ten yards.

1.1471
suč̉aaƛuk 
suč̉a 
five 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
they got five now 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
kač̉ak 
kač̉akʷ 
yard 
yards 
qicaaɬ 
qicaaɬ 
calico 
calico 
ʔeʔiič̉imʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔiič̉im 
old 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the old 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
. 

The old women got five yards of calico.

1.1472
qʷaaʔaƛ 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
likewise they did so 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
yaʔaayaqħỷuqas 
yaqʷ 
REL.pl 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ỷuu1 
related to 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
those to whom I am related 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
. 

The women to whom I was related also got that much.

1.1473
n̉uššiʔaƛ 
n̉uššiƛ 
distribute property 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she handed out 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
miɬmiiɬʔaƛ 
miɬ 
at same time 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
doing so at the same time 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
refer to 
yaqcħiqas 
yaqcħi 
spouse 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my wife 
čeeksin 
čeeksin 
Jackson Dan 
Jackson 
yaqcħimtʔitq 
yaqcħi 
spouse 
-(m)it 
former 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the former spouse 
kʷatyiiɬħʔaqs 
kʷatyiiɬħʔaqs 
Heavy-House-Woman 
Heavy-House-Woman 
siiỷam 
siiỷam 
Siiyam 
Mrs. Williams 
yaqwiicħimtʔitq 
yaqwii 
first 
-cħi 
be married to 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who was first married to 
čeeksin 
čeeksin 
Jackson Dan 
Jackson 
yaqỷukšiƛukʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ỷuk1 
born of ... 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-uk 
IMPF 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who gave birth to  
t̉an̉aaƛukʔi 
t̉an̉a 
child 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the one who was his child 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
daughter 
ʔeʔimỷaχš 
ʔeʔimỷaχš 
E'imyahsh 
E'imyahsh 
yuuk̉um 
yuuk̉um 
Yuukum 
Yuukum 
ʔumʔiiqsakit 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
his late mother 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
Mrs. Santo 
Mrs. Santo 
. 

My wife at the same time gave to Jackson's former wife, Heavy-House-Woman, Mrs. William, Jackson's first wife, who bore his daughter E'imyahsh, Yuukum's late mother, Mrs. Santo.
pg. 155 begins here

1.1474
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
there was also now 
ħeeč̉is 
ħeeč̉is 
Hachaa-Woman 
Mrs. Tom 
ỷuỷukʷiiqsakitʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
ỷukʷiiqsu 
younger sibling 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
her younger sisters 
ʔuwaʔaʕaƛ 
ʔuwaʔaq 
along with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
along with 
qʷayaatuk̉ʷaʔaqsumit 
qʷayaatuk̉ʷaʔaqsup 
Sounding-so-Woman 
-(m)it 
PAST 
Sounding-so-Woman 
. 

There were also Mrs. Tom's younger sisters along with the one called Sounding-so-Woman.

1.1475
ʔuunuuƛitaħʔaaɬa 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
the reason I was always 
ƛ̉um̉aaʔa 
ƛ̉um̉aaʔa 
warm on rocks 
warm on rocks 
ƛuukʷaanaƛquus 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quus 
1s.CND 
when I gave a Wolf Ritual 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
ʔayaʔuuɬit 
ʔaya 
many 
-uuɬ 
... relatives 
-(m)it 
PAST 
I had many relatives 
. 

The reason I used to be warm on the rocks (put on a good show) when giving a Wolf Ritual was that I was supported by many relatives.
49) ƛ̉um̉aaʔa - 'hot on rocks,' means when one gives a potlatch full of vigour and vim put up a good show, plenty of food given away and plently to eat.

1.1476
ħaw̉iɬqħmaʔaaɬa 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
one is always a chief 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
wik 
wik 
not 
not 
qʷis 
qʷis 
do thus 
do thus 
ʔatquu 
ʔat 
even if 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even though 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
he is 
taayiiʔi 
taayii 
older brother 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the oldest brother 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
. 

Tho one is a chief and an eldest brother, when one gives a Wolf Ritual, one does not do it alone.

1.1477
m̉aɬʔaaʔamaʔaaɬa 
m̉aɬʔaaʔa 
"cold on rocks" 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
it is always cold on the rocks 
ʔatquu 
ʔat 
even if 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even though 
ħaw̉iɬħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
a chief 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
giving a Wolf Ritual 
wik̉aƛukquu 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
if he does not have 
ʔaya 
ʔaya 
many 
many 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
. 

It is always cold on the rocks even tho one is a chief, unless one has a lot of food.
50) m̉aɬʔaaʔa - 'cold on rocks,' reverse to (49).

1.1478
hiiɬapuƛiteʔic 
hiiɬapawiƛ 
above 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you went up above 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
qʷiiyiik 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-(y)iik 
2s.INDF.REL 
when you did so 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

You (Alex) went way up when you gave the Wolf Ritual.

1.1479
taakʷiičiƛ 
taakʷiičiƛ 
get covered with 
they got covered with 
ħaw̉iiħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chiefs 
c̉ak̉umc 
c̉ak̉umc 
dirt 
dirt 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
very 
very 
pipiisatħi 
pipiisatħi 
be active 
be active 
qʷiyiik 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-(y)iik 
2s.INDF.REL 
when you did 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

The chiefs were covered with dirt, because you did big things when giving a Wolf Ritual.

1.1480
ħasiik̉aƛsi 
ħasiikʷ1 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then finished 
n̉ušaa 
n̉ušaa 
distributing property 
distributing wealth 
taanaa 
taanaa 
money 
money 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas people 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
. 

I finished distributing money to Huupachas and Tsishaa people.
pg. 156 begins below

1.1481
ʔuuš 
ʔuuš 
some 
some 
ħayuqumɬšiƛuk 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-uk 
POSS 
they got ten (dollars) 
yaʕiħtaʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀiħta 
leading 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chiefs 
ʔuuš 
ʔuuš 
some 
some 
ʔaƛpuqumɬšiƛuk 
ʔaƛpu 
seven 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-uk 
POSS 
some got seven (dollars) 
ʔaƛakʷaɬqimɬ 
ʔaƛakʷaɬ 
eight 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
eight (dollars) 
yaʕat̉akƛiʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ˀakƛi 
at rear 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were at the rear 
ħaw̉iiħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chiefs 
. 

Some, the head chiefs, received ten dollars; some of the lesser ones received seven or eight dollars.

1.1482
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
tiičačiʔaƛaħ 
tiičačiƛ 
come to life 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I have come alive now 
waaʔap̉aƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had him say now 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
speaking 
kaakuupat 
kaakuupat 
Tommy Bill 
Mr. Bill 
. 

I had Mr. Bill say, "Well, I have come alive now.

1.1483
ʔuupaaɬcaqšiƛʔaaqƛ̉aƛeʔic 
ʔuupaaɬcaqšiƛ 
invite a club 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you will invite your clubs now 
ʔuutʔupaɬneek 
ʔuutʔupaɬnakʷ 
club leader 
-ee 
VOC 
O club leaders 
. 

You will invite your clubs now, O club leaders.

1.1484
hinasipʔaaqƛeʔic 
hinasip 
reach 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you will reach 
muučiiɬ 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
for four days 
ʔuupaaɬcaqa 
ʔuupaaɬ1 
social club 
-caˑqa1 
prepare (food) [L] 
feeding social clubs 
. 

You should reach four days in feasting clubs.

1.1485
muučiiɬšiʔiikquu 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
after it will be four days 
ʔuyaaqƛ̉aƛeʔic 
ʔuyi 
when 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
then you will do 
wiiwiinapħiičiƛ 
DUP- 
REP 
wiinapi 
stop 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-iičiƛ 
INC 
stopping 
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
not doing 
saayaaqac̉inƛnak 
saayaaqac̉inƛ 
go far away 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
going far away 
. 

In four days, you will stop but don't go far away.

1.1486
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
kamat̉ap 
kamat̉ap 
know 
know 
qʷaħtinameʔitq 
qʷaħtinama 
ceremony 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
ceremonies 
. 

You know the ceremonies.

1.1487
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
ʔaħʔaayiyaaqƛ̉aƛ 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
-(y)iya 
at ... time 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
at that time  
ʔaacšiʔaƛ 
ʔacšiƛ 
hunt on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
hunting on the water 
kuʔaɬquuʔaƛ 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
-quu2 
point extending out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
in the morning coming around the point 
. 

At that time I will go out hunting for food and come round the point in the morning."

1.1488
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
m̉aw̉aaʔaaqƛ̉aƛeʔic 
m̉aw̉aa 
take home 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you will take them home 
ħaw̉eeħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chiefs! 
yaaqc̉imʔakitqas 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-c̉imʔak 
do on account of [L] 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
the ones that I have been doing for 
waaʔap̉aƛsiƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I had him say 
. 

I also had him say, "Well, chiefs, take home the ones I have been feasting".

1.1489
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛm̉inħʔaƛ 
ɬaɬak̉ʷinčiƛ 
plead with 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they pleaded with them 
qʷam̉aamitʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all who were 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉inm̉inħuk 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉in 
Wolf Ritual initiate 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-uk 
POSS 
whose had been taken away by the wolves 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
ʔaaƛačiɬʔaƛ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did to two 
m̉aaw̉aačitaʕiƛ 
m̉aw̉aa 
take home 
-či2 
at 
-taq1 
from 
-ˀiƛ 
invite [L] 
to take them home from there 
. 

Each of those whose children had been captured by the wolves asked two people to take them home.

1.1490
ʔuušʔaƛ 
ʔuuš 
some 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
some did 
qaačc̉ačiɬ 
qacc̉a 
three 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
asking three 
. 

Some asked for three.

1.1491
č̉uučk̉aƛ 
č̉uučk 
all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all of them now 
qʷaam̉ac̉imʔakitqas 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-c̉imʔak 
do on account of [L] 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
the ones that I had done so on account of 
m̉aw̉aaʔaƛ̉at 
m̉aw̉aa 
take home 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were taken home 
. 

All of those whom I had done so on account of were taken home.
pg. 157 begins here

1.1492
ʔucaʔapm̉inħʔaƛ̉at 
ʔucaʔap 
make s.o. go 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were all brought to 
hiyiiỷatħʔitq 
hiyiis 
there on beach 
-ˀatħ1 
live at 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where they were living 
. 

All were escorted home.

1.1493
waɬsaap̉aƛ̉at 
waɬsaap 
take s.o. home 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were taken home 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
since 
tiičačiʔaƛqa 
tiičačiƛ 
come to life 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they had come back to life 
. 

They were taken home because they had now come back to life.

1.1494
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was finished 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

The Wolf Ritual was over.

1.1495
hinuusnakšiʔaƛ̉at 
hinuusnakšiƛ 
treat as guest 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were treated as guests 
m̉am̉aw̉eeʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
m̉aw̉aa 
take home 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones taking home 
. 

The escorts were treated as guests.

1.1496
haʔuksap̉aƛ̉at 
haʔuksap 
feed 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were fed 
ʕasp̉uup̉aƛ̉at 
ʕasp̉awup 
pay 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they were paid 
m̉am̉aw̉eeʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
m̉aw̉aa 
take home 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones taking home 
qicaaɬ 
qicaaɬ 
calico 
calico 
kiƛuuk 
kiƛuuk 
dish 
dishes 
tiiʔiisỷak 
tiiʔiisỷakʷ 
tea-cup 
tea-cups 
. 

The ones who took them home were given food and were paid with calico, dishes and teacups.

1.1497
ʔup̉awiʔaƛ 
ʔup̉awiƛ 
be paid 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were paid 
qʷišaa 
qʷišaa 
tobacco 
tobacco 
siʔiɬ 
siʔiɬ 
matchstick 
matchsticks 
. 

They were paid with tobacco and matches.

1.1498
ʔup̉awiʔaƛ 
ʔup̉awiƛ 
be paid 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were paid 
ʕasp̉uuƛ 
ʕasp̉awiƛ 
pay 
pay 
. 

They received it as payment.

1.1499
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
qʷisʔaƛ 
qʷis 
do thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did just as  
m̉am̉aw̉imtʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
m̉aw̉aa 
take home 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who took them home 
waɬkʷačiʔaƛ 
waɬkʷačiƛ 
go right home 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went right home 
. 

The escorts then went to their homes.

1.1500
t̉at̉awak̉aƛ 
DUP- 
DIST 
t̉awaˑkʷ 
overloaded 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
each was loaded with 
p̉atquk 
p̉atquk 
goods 
goods 
waaɬʕaqa 
waɬ 
go home 
-ˀaqa 
several ...-ing 
going home 
. 

Everyone went home loaded with goods.

1.1501
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔuupaaɬcaqšiʔaƛ 
ʔuupaaɬcaqšiƛ 
invite a club 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they invited their clubs 
tuupšiʔaƛʔitq 
tuupšiƛ 
evening 
-L 
ITER 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when it began to get dark 
ʔuutʔupaɬnakm̉inħʔi 
ʔuupaaɬ1 
social club.pl 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who had social clubs 
. 

In the evening, the club leaders invited their clubs (to feast).

1.1502
hiyiiɬħʔaƛ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did in their house 
hiyiiỷatħʔitq 
hiyiis 
there on beach 
-ˀatħ1 
live at 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where they were living 
. 

They did it in their own homes.

1.1503
hišimỷuup̉aƛ 
hišimỷawup 
gather; assemble  
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he gathered 
qʷam̉isteʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-ista 
... person(s) in canoe 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all of the crew 
yaqmiħseʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-miħsa 
want 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who wanted to 
yaqʔiitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who 
ʔunaak 
ʔunaakʷ 
have 
have 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
qʷiʔiisʔap̉aaħii 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ˀiˑs1 
eat 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaaħ 
IRR 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
with which he would feast them 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
ʔuutʔuupaɬukʔi 
ʔuupaaɬ1 
social club.pl 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their social clubs 
hiistʕinʔiɬʔaaqƛ̉aƛʔitq 
his(t) 
LOC 
-ˀin3 
sound of [R] 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where they would sing 
. 

A person who wished to and had food to feast his club mates, gathered their whole crew in their house, where they would sing.
pg. 158 begins here

1.1504
c̉iiqʕinʔiɬʔaƛ 
c̉iiqʕin 
sound of chanting 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they would make chanting sounds 
haw̉aaqaqħʔaƛ 
haw̉a 
eat 
-ˀaqa 
several ...-ing 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
while they were eating 
mačɬaatħ 
mačɬaatħ 
Machthlaath 
Machthlaath  
qiqiiyiƛ 
qiqiiyiƛ 
Kikiiyitl 
Kikiiyitl 
čakupukʷitʔi 
čakup 
husband 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the late husband of 
ħayusta 
ħayu 
ten 
-ista 
... person(s) in canoe 
ten in canoe 
. 

Machthlaath, the late husband of Kikiiyitl, and his ten crew members made chanting sounds while feasting.

1.1505
qaaỷuuk̉ʷatħ 
qaaỷuuk̉ʷatħ 
Kyuquot people 
he was of the Kyuquot people 
yaqukʷitii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
the one who was 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ̉aaħ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
-ˀaaħ 
IRR 
the one who was a young man 
tiipanit 
tiipat 
David 
-(m)it 
PAST 
the late David 
. 

The son of the late David was of the Kyuquot tribe.

1.1506
ħayuusta 
ħayu 
ten 
-ista 
... person(s) in canoe 
he had ten in his crew 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
šuʔuk̉ʷatħʔaƛ 
šuʔuk̉ʷatħ 
Sooke people 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
the Sooke tribe 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
ɬapiʔiimit 
ɬaapinaanux 
Chinook Jack 
-(m)it 
former 
Chinook Jack 
. 

The late Chinook Jack also had ten in his crew, of the Sooke Tribe.

1.1507
ʔuʔuʕaƛ 
ʔuʔuq 
have ... in the canoe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he had in his crew 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
k̉ʷask̉ʷiit 
k̉ʷask̉ʷiit 
Dry-Twig 
Dry-Twig 
čeeʔakam 
čeeʔakim 
Mrs. Shewish 
Mrs. Shewish 
yaqukʷitii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
the one who was 
n̉uw̉iiqsu 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
father 
. 

He had with him Big Joe and Dry-Twigs, the late father of Mrs. Shewish.

1.1508
ʔuʔuʕaƛ 
ʔuʔuq 
have ... in the canoe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he had in his crew 
ħayuusta 
ħayu 
ten 
-ista 
... person(s) in canoe 
he had ten in his crew 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
muwač̉atħ 
muwač̉atħ 
Nootka Sound people 
Mowachat people 
čaamat̉akitqin 
čaamat̉a 
hereditary chief 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qin 
1p.REL 
our late chief 
ħaayuupinuuɬit 
ħaayuupinuuɬ 
Brings-ten-on-his-back 
-(m)it 
former 
the late Brings-ten-on-his-back 
ħayuusta 
ħayu 
ten 
-ista 
... person(s) in canoe 
he had ten in his crew 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
. 

Our former chief, Brngs-Ten-on-the-Back, had a crew of ten in the Mowachat Tribe.

1.1509
ʕiiʕiɬqištaqimɬʔaƛitaħ 
ʕiiʕiɬqištaqimɬ 
Head-Plume band 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I was of the Head-Plume band 
siỷa 
siỷa 
I 
I 
. 

I belonged to the Head-Plume band.

1.1510
ʔuukɬaasaƛni 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we were just called 
ʕiiʕiɬqi 
ʕiɬqii 
Plumed-Heads 
Plumed-Heads 
. 

We were just called Plumed-Heads.

1.1511
ʔuʔuʕaƛsi 
ʔuʔuq 
have ... in the canoe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I was in the crew with 
ħaw̉iɬukʷitqin 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qin 
1p.REL 
who was our late chief 
taayiiʔakit 
taayii 
older brother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
the late older brother of 
čučuuʔup 
čučuuʔup 
Shewish 
Shewish 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
kʷaacaapi 
kʷaacaapi 
Facing-back 
Captain Bill 
miɬak 
miɬakʷ 
alike 
and likewise 
qaaqɬaatikitʔi 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother.pl 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
younger brothers 
muu 
muu 
four 
four 
. 

I was with our former chief, the late older brother of Shewish and Captain Bill, together with their four younger brothers.

1.1512
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ʔasčiħʔaƛsi 
ʔasčiħ 
parent and child 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had my son with me 
siixuuɬmiik 
siixuuɬmiikʷ 
Douglas Thomas 
Douglas Thomas 
. 

I also had my son Douglas with me.
pg. 159 begins here

1.1513
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
ħayuuħuʔuƛ 
Mrs. Santo 
Mrs. Santo 
n̉uw̉iiqsakitʔi 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
her late father 
miɬak 
miɬakʷ 
alike 
and likewise 
ʕiik 
ʕiikʷ 
pair of brothers 
pair of brothers 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ʕiʕičħta 
ʕiʕičħta 
Rotten-feet 
Peter Kiishkisha 
. 

Then the late father of Mrs. Santo along with his brother and Peter Kiishkisha.

1.1514
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
yaqukʷitii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
the one who was 
ħačimsiqsu 
ħačimsiqsu 
female's brother 
her brother 
ħeeč̉is 
ħeeč̉is 
Hachaa-Woman 
Mrs. Tom 
taacswiiħc̉a 
taacswiiħc̉a 
Pole-sticks-through 
Pole-sticks-through 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
name 
. 

Then Mrs. Tom's late brother, called Pole-sticks-thru.

1.1515
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
kiilik 
kiilik 
Gaillic 
Gaillic 
ʔucħi 
ʔucħi 
Mrs.  
Mrs. 
yaqukʷitii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
the one who was the late 
n̉uw̉iiqsu 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
father 
. 

Then Mrs. Gaillic's late father.

1.1516
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hapuuɬ 
hapuuɬ 
Boston Bob 
Boston Bob 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ħaw̉iɬukʷit 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
the late chief of 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
wikseeʔeʔi 
wiksaaʔa 
be lost at sea 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who was lost at sea 
. 

Then Boston Bob and the late Huupachas chief, who was lost at sea.

1.1517
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
kicaaħin 
kicaaħin 
Mr. Bill 
Mr. Bill 
miɬak 
miɬakʷ 
alike 
and likewise 
ʕiik 
ʕiikʷ 
pair of brothers 
pair of brothers 
qiɬc̉im 
qiɬc̉im 
Cultus Bob 
Cultus Bob 
. 

Then Mr. Bill along with his brother, Cultus Bob.

1.1518
ʔuħʔaƛukni 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
ours was 
huuʔaaqƛinɬit 
huuʔaaqƛinɬ2 
Lump-on-back-of-neck 
-(m)it 
PAST 
Goes-out-of-Rear 
t̉ayuusim 
t̉ayuusim 
dance anchor 
anchor 
. 

Our anchor was the late Goes-out-of-Rear.

1.1519
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
č̉apčiqsqatħqa 
č̉apac 
canoe 
-či2 
at 
-ˀaħs 
in vessel 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that they are pretending to be in canoes 
ʔuutʔuupaɬnakʔi 
ʔuutʔupaɬnakʷ 
club members 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
club members 
yaqʷinƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-aˑnaw̉iƛ 
because of ... 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
for that reason 
qʷam̉istama 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ista 
... person(s) in canoe 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
there were thus many in the canoe 
waaʔat 
waa 
say 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they refer to them 
. 

They refer to them as, thus many in the crew, because the clubs are pretending to be in canoes.

1.1520
c̉ixʷatwiiʔis 
c̉ixʷatwiiʔis 
Eagle-Bow 
Eagle-Bow 
ʔukɬaaʔakni 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
ours was called 
yaqʷiiqqatħqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(y)iiq1 
travel by 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
-qin 
1p.REL 
that which we pretended to travel in 
. 

Our imaginary canoe was called Eagle-Bow.

1.1521
ʕiiʕiɬqaƛqun 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʕiɬqii 
head plume 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
we had head plumes 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
be like 
niniħʔasqun 
DUP- 
PL 
niħuk 
uprooted tree 
-ˀas3 
on ground 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
we were uprooted trees on the ground 
huuɬiʔiʔaƛqun 
huɬiiʔiƛ 
dance in 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
when we danced in 
. 

We used to have feathers in our heads like roots on an uprooted tree when we came dancing in.

1.1522
wik̉aƛquu 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
he would not do so 
čaani 
čaani 
at first 
first 
hineeʔiƛ 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
entering 
t̉ayuusimʔakqin 
t̉ayuusim 
dance anchor 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qin 
1p.REL 
the one who was our anchor 
huuʔaaqƛinɬ 
huuʔaaqƛinɬ2 
Lump-on-back-of-neck 
Goes-out-of-Rear 
. 

Our anchor, Goes-out- Rear, would not go in at first.
pg. 160 begins below

1.1523
hiiɬsʔataƛquu 
hiiɬsʔatu 
at the door 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
he would stay at the door 
čaani 
čaani 
at first 
at first 
t̉ašiiʔi 
t̉ašii 
door 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the door 
. 

He would stay for a while at the door.

1.1524
n̉uupiʔaɬʔaƛukquu 
n̉uupiʔaɬ 
be covered all over with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
-quu1 
3.CND 
he would be covered all over with 
yaqʷʔičʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(č̉,k̉ʷ)ʔič 
clothed in... 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what he was wearing 
ʕiyaaɬ 
ʕiyaaɬ 
feather 
feathers 
. 

He had feathers all over his clothing.

1.1525
nitinaqiic̉aƛukqun 
niitiina 
Ditidaht 
-iic 
belong to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
ours belongs to the Ditidaht 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
huuɬiʔiʔaƛqun 
huɬiiʔiƛ 
dance in 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
when we danced in 
. 

Our entering song belongs to the Ditidaht.

1.1526
|| 
hiikyaa 
, 
ʔaʔaah 
yaʔaŋa 
yee 
yee 
yonder 
yonder 
yeeʔaŋa 
, 
ya 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ʔakaa 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ʔaaŋa 
yee 
yee 
yonder 
yonder 
ʔahe 
yaah 
ʔaŋa 
yee 
yee 
yonder 
yonder 
hiikyaa 
ʔaŋaa 
yee 
yee 
yonder 
yonder 
hehe 
||. 

"Hiihyaa.",

1.1527
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
hiistm̉inɬ 
hiistm̉inɬ 
go that far each time 
it went that far each time 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʕuusʔuuʔaƛƛaa 
ʕuusʔawiƛ 
repeat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
it repeats again 
. 

It went that far and repeated.

1.1528
ʔeʔimqħʔaƛqun 
ʔeʔim 
as soon as 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
as soon as we did so 
ħaayiiʔiʔaƛqun 
ħaayiiʔiƛ 
all enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
we all entered the house 
ciciiqyuučiʔaƛqun 
ciciiqyuučiƛ 
start talking to each other 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
we would start talking to each other 
. 

As soon as we got inside, we would start talking to each other.

1.1529
ƛičšiʔi 
ƛičšiƛ 
steer 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
steer it! 
ƛičšiʔi 
ƛičšiƛ 
steer 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
steer it! 
ʔapcačištuʔin 
ʔapcačištawiƛ 
face right way on the water 
-ˀin5 
1p.IMP 
let us face the right way on the water 
ʔapcaačištħʔeeʔita 
ʔapcaačišt 
point in right direction on the water 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀeˑʔit(a) 
3.PRP 
pointing in the right direction on the water 
t̉ayuučištuƛ 
t̉ayuučištawiƛ 
anchor on the water 
anchored on the water 
c̉ixʷatwiiʔis 
c̉ixʷatwiiʔis 
Eagle-Bow 
Eagle-Bow 
wawaaɬyuučiʔaƛqun 
wawaaɬyuučiƛ 
begin saying 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
we would say 
ciciiqyuučiƛ 
ciciiqyuučiƛ 
start talking to each other 
talking to each other 
. 

"Steer it, steer it, let us face the right way on the water, so that Eagle-Bow may be anchored pointing in the right direction", we would say.

1.1530
ʔuħukni 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
ours was 
ƛičaa 
ƛičaˑ 
steersman 
steersman 
hapuuɬ 
hapuuɬ 
Boston Bob 
Boston Bob 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
qaaɬaatiksakitʔi 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother 
-sasa 
precisely [L] 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his late youngest brother 
kʷaacaapi 
kʷaacaapi 
Facing-back 
Captain Bill 
. 

Our steersmen were Boston Bob and his late youngest brother, Captain Bill.

1.1531
ʔuuʔukʷisʔin 
ʔuuʔukʷis1 
attached on the beach 
-ˀin5 
1p.IMP 
let's be attached on the beach 
ʕiɬʕiɬimɬ 
ʕiɬʕiɬimɬ 
Plumed-Surface 
Plumed-Surface 
ʔanama 
ʔana 
only 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he is the only one 
kʷatyiik 
kʷatyiik 
heavy 
heavy 
waaʔaƛqun 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
we would say 
. 

"Let's be anchored to Plumed-Surface, he is the only heavy one", we would say.

1.1532
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
t̉ayuukʷiʔin 
t̉ayuukʷiƛ 
anchor 
-ˀin5 
1p.IMP 
let's drop anchor 
ʕiɬʕiɬimɬ 
ʕiɬʕiɬimɬ 
Plumed-Surface 
Plumed-Surface 
ču 
čuu1 
well! 
well! 
ču 
čuu1 
well! 
well! 
t̉ayuukʷiʔin 
t̉ayuukʷiƛ 
anchor 
-ˀin5 
1p.IMP 
let's drop anchor 
. 

"Well, now let's drop anchor on Plumed-Surface, now, now, drop anchor.
pg. 161 begins above

1.1533
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛqun 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
and then we did 
kiiɬnaqšiʔaƛ 
kiiɬnaqšiƛ 
shout 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
shouting now 
heššš 
. 

Then we would shout, "hesssh".

1.1534
kamitqʷiiʔiʔaƛquu 
kamitqʷiiʔiƛ 
run into the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
he would run inside the house 
huuʔaaqƛinɬ 
huuʔaaqƛinɬ2 
Lump-on-back-of-neck 
Goes-out-of-Rear 
tuxšiʔaƛquu 
tuxšiƛ 
jump 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
he would jump 
yiiyiɬ 
yii1 
yonder 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
there in the house 
ʔuʔiiʔiɬ 
ʔuʔii 
go to 
-‘iɬ3 
on the floor 
going to 
hitiiħtiɬukqin 
hitiiħta 
end of s.t. 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-uk 
IMPF 
-qin 
1p.REL 
where we were in the front of the house 
. 

Goes-out-Rear would run in and jump into place where we were in the front of the house.

1.1535
yiiyiɬʔaƛquu 
yii1 
yonder 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
there he would be in the house 
t̉iqʷiɬ 
t̉iqʷ 
sit 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
sitting in the house 
ʕiɬʕiɬimyiɬ 
Fulldup- 
PL? 
ʕiɬ 
plume 
-imyiɬ 
move about on the floor 
plumes all over 
. 

There he would be with his plumes all over him.

1.1536
hiɬʔaƛukqun 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
ours were there 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
t̉ayuusim 
t̉ayuusim 
dance anchor 
anchor 
. 

There was our anchor on the floor.

1.1537
t̉ayuusʔaƛ 
t̉ayuus 
anchor 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
the anchor was 
ʕiɬʕiɬimɬ 
Fulldup- 
SUF 
ʕiyaaɬ 
plume 
-(q)imɬ2 
in a group 
plumes all over 
huuʔaaqƛinɬ 
huuʔaaqƛinɬ2 
Lump-on-back-of-neck 
Goes-out-of-Rear 
t̉ayuusimʔakqin 
t̉ayuusim 
dance anchor 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qin 
1p.REL 
the one who was our anchor 
. 

Our anchor was Goes-out-Rear with plumes all over him.

1.1538
|| 
hayeeya 
hayeeya 
hayeeyahiyak 
ʔo 
heya 
hayeeŋa 
hiyow 
hayeeyaa 
hiyaŋʔo 
, 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
part 
ʔom̉aak̉aƛaħƛaa 
qiišimʔak 
, 
n̉aas 
n̉aas 
day 
day 
haya 
hayaˑ 
not know 
not know 
hayee 
yuw 
hiya 
hiya 
||. 

"Hayeeya", go the words, "I am again imitating the wolf clown, the day, haya hayeeyuw".

1.1539
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔaaʔaanuqumɬaƛqun 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔanaħʷ 
small 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
ours goes that much 
. 

That is how far ours goes each time.

1.1540
miɬaħuɬħʔaƛitinʔaaɬa 
miɬaħawiɬ 
line up abreast 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
we lined up abreast 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
sing 
singing 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
. 

We would be lined up abreast singing this.

1.1541
yaacyaacšħʔaƛ 
yaacyaacš 
walking at intervals 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
be walking 
kʷaaƛkʷaač̉aƛ 
kʷaaƛkʷaač 
going backwards 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going backwards 
. 

We would walk backwards at intervals.

1.1542
c̉inc̉inaƛqun 
c̉inc̉ina1 
raising the eyebrows 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
we would be raising our eyebrows 
n̉an̉aačmaɬinkqħʔaƛ 
n̉an̉aačmaɬinkʷ 
look at each other 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
looking at each other 
n̉ačuuɬqħʔaƛ 
n̉ačuuɬ 
see s.o.'s face 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
looking into the faces 
yayaaqumc̉uqin 
yayaaqumc̉uqin 
audience 
audience 
. 

We would keep lifting our eyebrows, looking at each other and into the faces of the audience.
pg. 162 begins here

1.1543
ƛ̉uqƛ̉uʕaƛ̉atqunʔaaɬa 
Fulldup- 
PL? 
ƛ̉uq 
wide 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
we had wide ones 
ʕaʕiči 
ʕaʕiči 
eyebrow 
eyebrows 
tutuumisan̉uuħ 
tuumisan̉uɬ 
daub with charcoal 
daubed with charcoal 
qʷaqħʔaƛqun 
qʷaa 
thus 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
we did so 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
c̉inc̉inaƛ 
c̉inc̉ina1 
raising the eyebrows 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
raising the eyebrows 
n̉an̉aačmaɬink̉aƛ 
n̉an̉aačmaɬinkʷ 
look at each other 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
looking at each other 
. 

We had wide eyebrows daubed with charcoal, and we lifted them in glancing at one another.

1.1544
ƛaʔuqumɬšiƛƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
=ƛaa 
again 
another one does so also 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
|| 
ʔaniisƛaʔawa 
ʔun̉aak̉aƛƛa 
qišiimʔak 
n̉aas 
n̉aas 
day 
day 
waʔeeya 
hiyaaʔu 
||. 

Another verse goes: "I am also doing the wolf-clown dance in the daytime, wa'eya hiyaa'u".

1.1545
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
ƛaaʔuuʔaƛqunƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
=ƛaa 
again 
again we took up another one 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
. 

Then we took up another song.

1.1546
t̉ayuusʔaƛ 
t̉ayuus 
anchor 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was anchored 
t̉ayuusimʔakqin 
t̉ayuusim 
dance anchor 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qin 
1p.REL 
the one who was our anchor 
. 

Our anchor was dropped.

1.1547
wiinapiɬʔaƛ 
wiinapiɬ 
stay in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he stayed on the floor 
ʔaanaħaƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
only doing so 
čiiskčiiskaƛ 
čiiskčiiska 
shaking the head from side to side 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
shaking his head from side to side 
ʔaanaħi 
ʔaanaħi 
just 
just 
. 

He remained on the floor, only shaking his head from side to side.

1.1548
kiiɬnaqšiʔaƛqun 
kiiɬnaqšiƛ 
shout 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
we would shout 
čaani 
čaani 
for a while 
for a while 
takp̉it̉atqa 
takp̉it 
each time 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that is done every time 
kiiɬnaqšiƛtaqšiʔat 
kiiɬnaqšiƛ 
shout 
-taqšiƛ1 
before ...ing 
-ˀat 
PASS 
shouting before doing 
nuuʔiƛ̉asʔaƛ̉atquu 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
-ˀas4 
about to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when about to start singing 
. 

We would shout a bit with the yell that preceded the song.

1.1549
|| 
ʔišʔiwiy 
ʔišiʔi 
ničiƛačišt̉i 
ničiƛačišt 
put boat on the water 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
put the vessel on the water! 
wii 
wi 
poor 
poor 
||. 

"Ishiiwiy ishii, dip the vessel on the water, wii."

1.1550
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ̉at 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-ˀat 
PASS 
and then one does 
nuuʔiʔaƛ 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
start singing 
. 

Then one sings.

1.1551
|| 
hanaw 
hoʔiihiŋiik 
hahaha 
ʔoʔiihiik 
hoʔiiksiiš 
ƛukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
Wolf Ritual 
hoʔiiksiiš 
ƛukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
Wolf Ritual 
, 
ʕimtšiƛ part 
ʕimtšiƛ part 
the words go 
the words go 
, 
ʔuħʔaatmots 
č̉iħšiiʔaat 
hoʔiikiik 
wiħiiʔa 
wiħii 
on dry land 
on dry land 
haanaha 
hoʔiihiik 
||. 

"Hanaw, grouse, hahaha, grouse, I am a grouse member of the Wolf Ritual, I am a grouse member of the Wolf Ritual, the land of the grouse appears to me supernaturally, haanaha, grouse."

1.1552
nuʔatap̉aƛ 
nuʔatap 
finish singing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finished singing 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
. 

Then they finish singing.

1.1553
huhuhuhu 
waaʔaƛqun 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
we would say 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷam̉istaqin 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-ista 
... person(s) in canoe 
-qin 
1p.REL 
all 
. 

"Huu huu huu", all of us in the crew say.

1.1554
huuhuuhuu 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say 
č̉Interlinšiʔaƛ 
č̉Interlinšiƛ 
spread wings 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they spread their arms 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
ɬaaħpiiɬquu 
ɬaaħpiiɬ 
fall on the floor 
-quu1 
3.CND 
as if falling to the floor 
huhuhu 
wawaaqčik̉aƛ 
wawaa 
say 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said while going along 
. 

"Huu huu huu" they say and spread their arms as though falling on the floor repeatedly and saying "huhuhu", as they went along.

1.1555
k̉iitqỷakc̉uqʷiɬʔaƛ 
k̉iitqỷakc̉uqʷa 
have whistle in the mouth 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he had a whistle in his mouth 
yaayiɬ 
yaayiɬ 
there in house 
there in house 
t̉ayuusimʔi 
t̉ayuusim 
dance anchor 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the anchor 
. 

The anchor had a whistle in his mouth.

1.1556
ʔuʔumħičiʔaƛ 
ʔuʔumħičiƛ 
do just in time 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
doing at the right time 
k̉iitqʕaƛuk 
k̉iitqʕaƛ 
scream 
-uk 
IMPF 
his made a screaming sound 
kiikỷak 
kiikỷakʷ 
mouth whistle 
whistle 
. 

At the right time his whistle went, "Kiik".

1.1557
ƛaweʔiiʔaƛ̉atquu 
ƛaweʔii 
approach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when he came close 
hiɬyinʔi 
hiɬyin 
bow of a boat 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the man in the bow 
wiinapup̉aƛ 
wiinapawup 
stop s.o. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it stoped them 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
. 

When the one at the bow came close, it stopped them.

1.1558
muup̉itkʷispiƛ 
muup̉it 
four times 
-kʷis(a) 
get out of 
-‘ipiƛ 
on the floor 
they move away four times  
qʷis 
qʷis 
do thus 
doing thus 
. 

They moved away four times.

1.1559
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ƛaaʔuuʔaƛ 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they took another 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
hiniiʔasw̉it̉asʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-w̉it̉as1 
about to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were about to go out 
. 

They took up another song as they were about to go outside.

1.1560
|| 
hayayiʔooyaya 
ʔahahayi 
ʔooyaya 
ʔahaha 
muɬimuƛ 
wahiyaa 
hayayiʔeeyaya 
ʔahaha 
muɬimuƛ 
wahiya 
||. 

"Hayayi..."

1.1561
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔanaqimɬ 
ʔana 
only 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
only that much 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʕuusaaʔaƛ 
ʕuusaa 
repeat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it repeats now 
. 

It is that long, then it repeats.

1.1562
c̉isšiʔaƛqun 
c̉isšiƛ 
form a single file 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
we would form a single file 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
čiisaap̉aƛ 
čiisapi 
pull up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
pulling up 
t̉ayuusimʔakqin 
t̉ayuusim 
dance anchor 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qin 
1p.REL 
our anchor 
. 

We would get into single file and pull our anchor out of the water.

1.1563
ʔuʔiħtiɬʔaƛ 
ʔuʔiħta 
be in the lead 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was in the lead 
huuyaaɬ 
huuyaaɬ 
dance 
dancing 
. 

He led the dancing.
pg. 164 begins here

1.1564
minkšiʔaƛqun 
minkšiƛ 
make a circuit 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
we would make a circuit now 
n̉uup̉inqsak 
n̉up 
one 
-p̉inq 
... times around 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-akʷ 
IMPF 
only one time around 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
. 

We would go only once around the room.

1.1565
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛqun 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
and then we did 
sasaač̉iyaʔas 
DUP- 
SUF 
saač̉a 
permanently 
-ˀas3 
outside 
we went outside for good 
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
leaving the house 
nunuukqčik̉aƛ 
nunuuk 
singing 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going along singing 
. 

We would then go out for good, singing as we went.

1.1566
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷaqʷam̉iyaqħʔaƛqun 
DUP- 
PL 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-iyaqħ 
sing ... song [R] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
we sang all the songs 
c̉iiqmaasʔaƛqun 
c̉iiqmaas 
go about village chanting 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qʷin 
1p.REL 
while we went about the village chanting 
yaqqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-qin 
1p.REL 
we who are 
ʕiiʕiɬqi 
ʕiɬqii 
Plumed-Heads 
Plumed-Heads 
. 

We Plumed-Heads sing all these songs as we went around in the village.

1.1567
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
ħaʔuqħʔaƛquu 
ħaʔuu 
do in turn 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would do in turn 
c̉iiqmaas 
c̉iiqmaas 
go about village chanting 
go about village chanting 
mačɬaatħ 
mačɬaatħ 
Gold River people 
Matchlaht people 
ʔam̉iičiʔaƛquu 
ʔam̉iičiƛ 
be next morning 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it was the next morning 
. 

The next day, the Machthlaa'ath Band would do so in turn, going around chanting.

1.1568
ʔuucsmaasʔaƛquu 
ʔuucsmaas 
carry around the village 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they used to be carrying along 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
mačɬaatħ 
mačɬaatħ 
Gold River people 
Matchlaht people 
c̉iiqmaas 
c̉iiqmaas 
go about village chanting 
go about village chanting 
. 

The Machlaht, on their part, went along with this chant, "Hihii, Wolf Ritual".

1.1569
|| 
hihiihaayahayaha 
hihii 
haayaha 
ƛukʷaanaayaha 
hihii 
haayaha 
hihii 
haayaha 
||. 

1.1570
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔuum̉aap̉aʔaaɬsa 
ʔuum̉aap̉a 
do so far 
-ʔaaɬ2 
at intervals 
-sasa 
only [L] 
it only went so far 
wik̉iituk 
wik̉iit 
eliminate 
-uk 
IMPF 
there is no 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
words 
. 

That was all, there were no words.

1.1571
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
wiinappiʔaƛ 
wiinappiƛ 
remain in house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they stopped 
c̉iiqšiƛʔaaqƛ̉aƛ 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going to start chanting 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
. 

Then they stood still, about to start chanting.

1.1572
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
ničiƛačišt̉i 
ničiƛačišt 
put boat on the water 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
put the vessel on the water! 
waaʔaƛƛaa 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they said again 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
kiiɬnaqšiʔaƛ 
kiiɬnaqšiƛ 
shout 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they shouted 
čaani 
čaani 
at first 
at first 
. 

"Put the vessel on the water," they said, also shouting to begin with.

1.1573
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
c̉iiqšiʔaƛ 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started singing 
č̉uučkuuʔaƛ 
č̉uučk 
all 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all worked together 
. 

Then all together started to chant:

1.1574
|| 
w̉ayaaa 
yaha 
yahiyaa 
ʔiiʔo 
ʕimtšiƛ part 
ʕimtšiƛ part 
the words go 
the words go 
, 
waayaaya 
yahiyaa 
ʔeeʔoo 
hayiiyaaha 
yahiyaa 
ʔiiʔu 
hahiiyaahiiyaa 
hoopkc̉uuqšiƛcimsqoo 
ʔaaʔaanħʔisʔii 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
waayaahaa 
yahiyaaʔeeʔoo 
hahiyaahiyaa 
quuʔaašinʔakʔiic 
yaaqʷaaɬiik 
hahaaw̉ataaħ 
waaħyaa 
haaya 
hayaˑ 
not know 
not know 
||. 

"Wa yaa yaha yahiyaa' ii'u", it goes, "aahe I will be like a tsinu bird walking, I will be like a tsinu bird walking, we wahwahwii".

1.1575
ħiiqšiʔaƛ 
ħiiqšiƛ 
growl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they growl 
ʕħɔɔ 
ʕħɔɔ 
. 

They growl 'hoo 'hoo.

1.1576
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
qaaỷuuk̉ʷatħ 
qaaỷuuk̉ʷatħ 
Kyuquot people 
Kyuquot people 
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was 
huɬiiʔiƛ 
huɬiiʔiƛ 
dance in 
dancing in 
c̉iiqmaas 
c̉iiqmaas 
go about village chanting 
go about village chanting 
. 

And the Kyuquot band danced into the house as they went chanting about the village.

1.1577
|| 
weewahwahwee 
weewahwak 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
ʔaahii 
ʔahe 
hayukʷačiƛuks 
nuuhuɬim 
hayuukʷačiƛuks 
qiihišiim 
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
wahwah 
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
wahwahwaa 
, 
ʕimtšiƛ part 
ʕimtšiƛ part 
the words go 
the words go 
ʔaaheeqʷaƛaaħ 
c̉iin̉uuqħʔisquus 
yaacuk 
yaacuk 
go 
going 
qʷaƛaaħ 
c̉iin̉uuqħʔisquus 
yaacuk 
yaacuk 
go 
going 
weewahwahwii 
||. 

1.1578
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔanaak 
ʔana 
only 
-ˀak 
POSS 
only its 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
huuɬiʔiƛỷak 
huɬiiʔiƛỷakʷ 
entrance song 
entrance song 
c̉iiqmaasỷak 
c̉iiqmaasỷakʷ 
song for going about chanting 
song for going about chanting 
qaaỷuuk̉ʷatħ 
qaaỷuuk̉ʷatħ 
Kyuquot people 
Kyuquot people 
hayimħičip̉aƛaħ 
hayimħi 
not know 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I don't know it 
ʔaanaħi 
ʔaanaħi 
just 
just 
c̉iiqšiƛỷak 
c̉iiqšiƛỷakʷ 
secret chant 
chant 
. 

And the Kyuquot band had an entrance song for dancing into the house as they went chanting about the village, but I do not know it, I only know the chant.
pg. 166 begins here

1.1579
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
muwač̉atħ 
muwač̉atħ 
Nootka Sound people 
Mowachat people 
. 

And then the Mowachaht people.

1.1580
ʔaanasakma 
ʔana 
only 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
they had only 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chant 
wik̉iituk 
wik̉iit 
eliminate 
-uk 
IMPF 
there is no 
huuɬiʔiƛỷak 
huɬiiʔiƛỷakʷ 
entrance song 
entrance song 
. 

They had only a chant but no dancing-in songs.

1.1581
|| 
wayii 
waayii 
waayii 
say! 
say! 
wayii 
wayii 
wayii 
wayii 
wayii 
waayiihi 
wayiiwayiiwayii 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
čaleeyiyahee 
čaala 
čalahiyaatquus 
ƛawiiỷap̉aat 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
čaleehiyahee 
čaala 
čalahiyaatqus 
ƛ̉ikmaaɬuɬʔaap̉at 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
wayii 
wiyiihiyii 
||. 

"Wayii,", it goes, "if the tribes let me approach first, if the tribes let me feel about his face, wiyii hiyii".

1.1582
nuʔatap̉aƛ 
nuʔatap 
finish singing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finished singing 
. 

Then they end the song.

1.1583
ʕħɔɔ 
ʕħɔɔ 
hii 
hii 
hii 
hii 
muwač̉atħ 
muwač̉atħ 
Nootka Sound people 
Mowachat people 
hii 
hii 
hii 
hii 
muwač̉atħ 
muwač̉atħ 
Nootka Sound people 
Mowachat people 
wawaaɬyaƛquu 
wawaaɬyu 
be saying (pl.) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would be saying 
ʔaanaħi 
ʔaanaħi 
just 
just 
hiinaqħɬi 
hiinaqħɬi 
boast 
boasting 
muwač̉atħ 
muwač̉atħ 
Nootka Sound people 
Mowachat people 
. 

"Ho ho hii Mowachat Tribes, hii Mowachat Tribes", they would say, just boasting about the Mowachaht Tribe.

1.1584
t̉it̉iqʷiɬħʔaƛquu 
DUP- 
SUF 
t̉iqʷiɬ 
sit on floor 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would sit on the floor 
c̉iiʕaqa 
c̉iiq 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaqa 
several ...-ing 
chanting 
. 

They chanted in sitting position.

1.1585
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔaanaħapsaƛquu 
ʔaanaħi 
just 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would just do so 
muwač̉atħ 
muwač̉atħ 
Nootka Sound people 
Mowachat people 
c̉iiqʕinʔiɬ 
c̉iiqʕin 
sound of chanting 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
make chanting sounds in the house 
ʔaanaħi 
ʔaanaħi 
just 
just 
. 

The Mowachaht only chanted in the house.

1.1586
ʔuħʔaƛukʷitin 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we had  
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
c̉ušuk̉ʷaƛ 
c̉ušuk 
new 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
new 
yaqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
that we are 
ʕiiʕiɬqi 
ʕiɬqii 
Plumed-Heads 
Plumed-Heads 
qʷiyiik 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-(y)iik 
2s.INDF.REL 
when you did 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
give Wolf Ritual 
. 

We Plumed-Heads had a new song the time you gave the Wolf Ritual.
pg. 167 begins here

1.1587
|| 
weeyaqapakč 
ʔuušc̉aɬ 
ʔuušc̉aɬ 
be prohibited 
be prohibited 
qaašim 
waʔaacwacaƛqu 
qaqaašapqa 
ʔuun̉ak̉uħʔataaʔiš 
n̉aacsat 
ʔaʔiiħʔatʔi 
qasii 
qasii 
eye 
eyes 
muwačm̉iit 
||. 

"I wonder which is more difficult, the wolf- clowns wagging their heads when acting in wolf clownishness, so they may look at you with big eyes, the mythical deer".

1.1588
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔaanaqimɬsa 
ʔana 
only 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-sasa 
only [L] 
it is only that much 
. 

It is that long.

1.1589
muučiiɬšiʔaƛ 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was four days 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷaqʷaa 
DUP- 
SUF 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
c̉iiqmaas 
c̉iiqmaas 
go about village chanting 
go about village chanting 
ʔuutʔupaɬnakʔi 
CVt- 
PL 
ʔuupaaɬ1 
social club 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who had social clubs 
. 

Four days passed with the clubs chanting thus going about the villages.

1.1590
susuukʷiƛmeʔiʔaƛni 
susuukʷiƛmeʔiƛ 
go about seizing people 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we went about the village taking them 
qʷam̉aac̉uɬitʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-c̉uˑɬ 
... initiate in Wolf Ritual 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all the ones who were initiates 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
performing the Wolf Ritual 
ʔatħšiʔaƛʔitq 
ʔaatħšiƛ 
become night 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when it became night 
huuʔičuʔaƛʔitq 
huuʔičawiƛ 
go to sleep (pl) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when they had gone to sleep 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
. 

We went about the village taking all the new Wolf Ritual initiates, it was at night when all the tribes were asleep.

1.1591
n̉upqimɬčinuʔaƛƛaa 
n̉upqimɬčinawiƛ 
assemble in one house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they assembled in one house 
ʔiiħʔii 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the big 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
huuʔičuƛ 
huuʔičawiƛ 
go to sleep (pl) 
going to sleep (pl) 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
performing the Wolf Ritual 
. 

All the new initiates entered the big house and went to sleep.

1.1592
ʔeʔimʔap̉aƛ 
ʔeʔim 
as soon as 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
as soon as it did 
ƛ̉isʔaqƛuƛʔis 
ƛ̉isʔaqƛ̉awiƛ 
be the first sight of dawn 
-ʔis 
DIM 
dawn arrives 
hitinqsaʔaƛ 
hitinqsaƛ 
go down to beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went down to the beach 
ƛ̉iiqsiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉iiqsiƛ 
embark 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they embarked 
č̉amiiqšiʔaƛ 
č̉amiiqšiƛ 
travel by canoe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
travel by canoe 
qʷam̉aac̉uɬitʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-c̉uˑɬ 
... initiate in Wolf Ritual 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all the ones who were initiates 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
performing the Wolf Ritual 
muuc̉iqyiiq 
muu 
four 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
-(y)iiq1 
travel by 
travelling in four canoes 
ħaħaayusta 
DUP- 
DIST 
ħayu 
ten 
-ista 
... person(s) in canoe 
ten in each canoe 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔaƛiiqc̉uɬitqa 
ʔaƛiiq 
forty 
-c̉uˑɬ 
... initiate in Wolf Ritual 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
since there were forty initiates 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
performing the Wolf Ritual 
. 

As soon as dawn broke, all the young initiates performing the Wolf Ritual went down the beach and embarked in canoes, ten in each, because there were forty of them.
pg. 168 begins here

1.1593
hinaačiʔaƛ 
hinaačiƛ 
set off on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they set off on the water 
muuc̉iqčaƛ 
muu 
four 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
-či2 
at 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
in four canoes 
. 

The four canoes set out.

1.1594
ʔucačiʔaƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went to 
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
timcsit 
timcsit 
River Bend 
Blackwater 
. 

They went to Blackwater.

1.1595
ʔeʔimʔap̉aƛ 
ʔeʔim 
as soon as 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
as soon as they did 
hiniiʔasʔaƛʔitq 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who went out 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
nawaaỷiʔaƛ 
nawaaỷiƛ 
sit on the ground 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they sat on the ground 
kuʔaɬʔi 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
in the morning 
. 

As soon as the people came out, they sat on the ground taking the morning air.

1.1596
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ʔuušaħima 
ʔuušaħi 
have s.t. wrong 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
there is something wrong 
hiɬʔii 
hiɬ 
LOC 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were there 
hiniiʔasʔi 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
go outside! 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
yaqwiiʔitq 
yaqwii 
first 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who first 
n̉ačuʔaɬ 
n̉ačuʔaɬ 
see 
saw it 
. 

Those who first saw it said, "There is something the matter there, come outside".

1.1597
ħiiqšiʔaƛ 
ħiiqšiƛ 
growl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they growled 
ỷakkʷist̉aħs 
ỷakkʷist̉aħs 
poke head out of vessel 
poking their heads out of the canoes 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ʔuušiin̉akʔi 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones doing mitative dances 
. 

The imitative dancers growled and showed their heads out of the canoes.

1.1598
ʔaʔaƛak 
DUP- 
DIST 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ˀak 
POSS 
each has two 
ƛiiħak 
ƛiiħakʷ 
paddle 
paddling 
n̉upc̉iq 
n̉up 
one 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
one  
hiɬyinʔi 
hiɬyin 
bow of a boat 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the man in the bow 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ƛičaa 
ƛičaˑ 
steersman 
steersman 
. 

Each canoe had two paddlers, the bow paddler and at the steersman.

1.1599
'ħaa 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
ỷakkʷist̉aħs 
ỷakkʷist̉aħs 
poke head out of vessel 
poking their heads out of the canoes 
. 

"Haa", they said as they showed themselves out of the canoe.

1.1600
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
čuqsiƛƛaa 
čuqsiƛ 
bend over in canoe 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again bend down 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
. 

Then they bent down.

1.1601
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ƛiiħak̉i 
ƛiiħakʷ 
paddle 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
paddle! 
qaħšeek 
qaħšiik 
rascal 
rascals 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
yac̉asʔi 
yac 
step 
-ˀas3 
on ground 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones standing on the ground 
. 

"Say, you rascals, paddle hard", said the people on land.

1.1602
tuxw̉iɬtaƛ 
tuxw̉iɬta 
jump out of 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they jumped out 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
ħaaw̉iiħaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young men 
ʔanaac̉atuʔic̉aƛʔitq 
ʔanaac̉atu 
close to shore 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when they got close to shore 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

The young men jumped out of the canoe when they got close to shore.

1.1603
t̉aqʔičw̉iɬtaƛ 
t̉aqʔičw̉iɬta 
jump overboard clothed 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they jumped overboard clothed 
tuxw̉iɬta 
tuxw̉iɬta 
jump out of 
he jumped out 
. 

They jumped out of the canoes with their clothes on.

1.1604
ʔaacšiʔaƛ 
ʔacšiƛ 
hunt on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were hunting on the water 
ʔukɬaaʔaƛ 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it is called 
ʔaacšiƛ 
ʔacšiƛ 
hunt on the water 
-[L] 
GRAD 
hunting on the water 
. 

They had gone hunting on the water, as it is called.

1.1605
suuʔaƛ 
suu 
hold 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he held them 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
hiɬyinʔi 
hiɬyin 
bow of a boat 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the man in the bow 
tuxw̉iɬtam̉inħʔi 
tuxw̉iɬta 
jump out of 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones jumping overboard 
. 

The one at the bow held on to those who jumped over board.
pg. 169 begins here

1.1606
ʔaanuuʔaƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he did so only with him 
ƛiiħak 
ƛiiħakʷ 
paddle 
paddling 
ƛičeeʔi 
ƛičaˑ 
steersman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the steersman 
. 

But he paddled, along with the man at the stern.

1.1607
ʕacšiƛqa 
ʕacšiƛ 
faint 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they faint 
tuxw̉iɬtakʷačiƛ 
tuxw̉iɬta 
jump out of 
-kʷačiƛ1 
do completely 
from jumping overboard 
. 

They (who had jumped overboard) lose consciousness from jumping over board.

1.1608
hitasaʔaƛ 
hitasaʔaƛ 
come to shore 
they came to shore 
. 

They landed.

1.1609
hitinqsaʔaƛ 
hitinqsaƛ 
go down to beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went down to the beach 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

The people came down the beach.

1.1610
ʔapšiƛšiʔaƛ 
ʔapšiƛ 
carry on shoulder 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they took them on their shoulders 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
qʷam̉istimtʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-ista 
... person(s) in canoe 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
do to all the ones in his canoe 
ħačatak̉aƛqa 
ħačatakʷ 
all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
all of them were 
ququušħim̉inħ 
ququušħi 
have stiff limbs 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
having stiff limbs 
tuutuxw̉iɬtimtʔiƛaa 
DUP- 
SUF 
tuxw̉iɬta 
jump out of 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
=ƛaa 
again 
the ones who had jumped overboard 
ʕacaaʔaƛ 
ʕacaa 
unconscious 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they are unconscious 
. 

The people took the crewmen on their shoulders; all were stiff-limbed and the ones who jumped overboard were unconscious.

1.1611
himtaħuɬʔat 
himtaħuɬ 
hold in arms 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they carried them in their arms 
t̉an̉eʔisʔi 
t̉an̉a 
child 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the little children 
hinsčisʔap̉at 
hinsčisʔap 
carry up the beach 
-ˀat 
PASS 
carrying them up the beach 
. 

They carried the small children up the beach in their arms.

1.1612
ʔuʔumc̉aƛ̉atqa 
ʔuʔumc̉u 
feast s.o. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they feast them 
wiiwiiktaqyuʔi 
novice 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the uninitiated 
ʕacaaqatħʔaƛ 
ʕacaaqatħ 
pretend to be unconscious 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they pretend to be unconscious 
qaħakqatħʔaƛ 
qaħakqatħ 
pretend to be dead 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
pretending to be dead 
. 

They thus entertain the initiated, pretending to be unconscious or dead.

1.1613
t̉aaqaak̉aƛqa 
t̉aaqukʷiƛ 
believe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they believed  
ʔaani 
ʔaani 
really 
really 
wiiwiiktaqyuʔi 
novice 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the uninitiated 
qaħakqatħʔap̉aƛ 
qaħakʷ 
dead 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
now thinking they are dead 
ʔaanaaƛ 
ʔaana 
really 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it really was 
ʔatquu 
ʔat 
even if 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even though 
ƛaħqħʔaƛ 
ƛaħʷ 
at present 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did as soon as 
hineeʔiʔaƛquu 
hineeʔiƛ 
enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they entered the house 
t̉ašiiʔi 
t̉ašii 
door 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the door 
tiičačiʔaƛ 
tiičačiƛ 
come to life 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they came to life 
ʕacaamitʔi 
ʕacaa 
unconscious 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
those who had been unconscious 
. 

The uninitiated think they are really dead, even though the ones who had been unconscious come to life as soon as they enter the door.

1.1614
yacpitap̉aƛ̉at 
yacpitap 
stand up on the floor 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they stand up on the floor 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
. 

They are then put on their feet.

1.1615
mačinuʔaƛ 
mačinawiƛ 
enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they entered the house 
č̉uučk̉aƛ 
č̉uučk 
all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all of them now 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

All the people entered the house.

1.1616
haʔukšiʔaƛ 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began to eat 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
. 

They began to eat.

1.1617
ʔaƛp̉itšiƛ 
ʔaƛp̉it 
twice 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
they did twice 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
. 

They ate twice.

1.1618
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʔiinaxiičiʔaƛ 
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
dress up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they dressed up 
ʔuušiin̉akʔi 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones doing mitative dances 
. 

Then the imitative dancers got dressed up.
pg. 170 begins below

1.1619
hiiɬasaqħʔaƛ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did so right there 
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
maħt̉iiʔakitqas 
maħt̉ii 
house 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
which was in my former house 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
very 
. 

They did it right there in my former big house.

1.1620
č̉uučk̉aƛ 
č̉uučk 
all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all of them now were 
hiitaac̉upiiɬ 
hiitac̉upiiɬ 
in the middle of the floor 
being in the room 
qʷam̉aac̉uɬʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-c̉uˑɬ 
... initiate in Wolf Ritual 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all who were novices 
. 

All the novices appeared in the room.

1.1621
ħačatc̉upiƛ 
ħačatc̉upiƛ 
all come out on the floor 
all come out on the floor 
qʷam̉aac̉uɬʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-c̉uˑɬ 
... initiate in Wolf Ritual 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all who were novices 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
performing the Wolf Ritual 
. 

All the new initiates performing the Wolf Ritual came out on the floor.

1.1622
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
they did imitative dances 
ʔaaneʔitq 
ʔana 
thus much 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
thus much 
n̉aas 
n̉aas 
day 
day 
. 

They did imitative dances all day long.

1.1623
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
haʔukšiʔaƛƛaa 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
=again 
again they started to eat 
c̉iiqšiʔaƛƛaa 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they chanted 
. 

Then they ate again and then chanted again.

1.1624
tiič̉inħšiʔaƛƛaa 
tiič̉inħšiƛ 
restore life 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they did restoring life 
. 

They sang life-restoring songs.

1.1625
ƛaħʔaƛ 
ƛaħʷ 
at present 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did now 
čamaasʔaƛ 
čamaas 
earnestly 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they do in earnest 
tiič̉inħ 
tiič̉inħ 
restore life 
restoring life 
. 

They sang life-restoring chants in earnest.

1.1626
tiičaʔapqatħʔaƛ 
tiičaʔap 
bring to life 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they pretended to bring to life 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
those 
ʕacaamitʔi 
ʕacaa 
unconscious 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
those who had been unconscious 
qaħakqatħitʔi 
qaħakʷ 
dead 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones pretending to be dead 
. 

They pretended to bring to life the ones who were unconscious, pretending to be dead.

1.1627
ƛaakišsapqatħʔaƛ 
ƛaakišsap 
stand s.o. up 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they pretended to stand them up on their feet 
čaamiquupqatħʔaƛ 
čaamiquup 
sober s.o. up 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
sober them up 
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
there 
there 
ʔuʔumc̉aƛ 
ʔuʔumc̉u 
entertain 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
entertaining them 
wiiwiiktaqyuʔi 
DUP- 
SUF 
wiktaqyu 
uninitiated 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the uninitiated 
. 

They pretended to put them on their feet and sober them up, though they were only entertaining the uninitiated.

1.1628
t̉aaqaak̉aƛ 
t̉aaqukʷiƛ 
believe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they believe 
ʔaani 
ʔaani 
really 
really 
wiiwiiktaqyuštaqimɬ 
wiiwiiktaqyuštaqimɬ 
uninitiated group 
the uninitiated group 
ʔuusaaħiqatħʔap̉aƛ 
ʔuusaaħi 
for this reason 
-qaˑtħ 
believe 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
believing that it is because 
ʔaani 
ʔaani 
really 
really 
tiičačiƛ 
tiičačiƛ 
come to life 
come to life 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
c̉iiqeeʔi 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were chanting 
tiič̉inħ 
tiič̉inħ 
restore life 
restoring life 
ʔatquu 
ʔat 
even if 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even though 
wik 
wik 
not 
not 
ʔaanaħisa 
ʔaanaħi 
just 
-sasa 
only [L] 
really so 
qʷaat̉iʔiɬa 
qʷaa 
thus 
-t̉iˑʔiɬa 
pretend to [L] 
pretending to be thus 
. 

The uninitiated really believe it, thinking that they actually come alive because of the life-restoring chant, but it is only make-believe.

1.1629
qʷaaʔaƛƛaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again did so 
qʷaaʔapʔitqʔaaɬa 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
that which they always do 
qʷaqʷaaʔaƛquu 
DUP- 
REP 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when doing so 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

They again did as always when doing so.

1.1630
hihixuqšʔaƛƛaa 
hihixuqš 
shouting at intervals 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they shout at intervals 
ʔaƛp̉itʕin 
ʔaƛp̉it 
twice 
-ˀin3 
sound of [R] 
sounding twice 
. 

Again they yelled twice each time at intervals.
pg. 171 begins here

1.1631
haʔukšiƛƛaa 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
=ƛaa 
again 
they ate again 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
. 

They ate again.

1.1632
muup̉itšiʔaƛ 
muu 
four 
-p̉it3 
... times 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did four times 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
. 

They ate four times.

1.1633
ʔacp̉awiʔaƛ 
ʔacp̉awiƛ 
pay for hunting 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were paid for hunting 
. 

They were fed as pay for hunting.

1.1634
ʔuunuuʔaƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was because 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
big 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔaacšiʔaƛitqa 
ʔacšiƛ 
hunt on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that they were hunting on the water 
qʷam̉aamitʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all who were 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
performing the Wolf Ritual 
. 

They ate big because all the new initiates had 'gone hunting on the water'.

1.1635
ʔaacšiƛ 
ʔacšiƛ 
hunt on the water 
-[L] 
GRAD 
hunting on the water 
ʔukɬaaʔaƛ 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it is called 
ʔatquu 
ʔat 
even if 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even though 
ʔaniisiɬa 
ʔaana 
really 
-siɬa 
do 
really doing 
hinaačiƛis 
hinaačiƛ 
set off on the water 
-‘is 
on the beach 
they go a little ways from shore 
wikqħ 
wik 
not 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
they do not do 
ʔuʔuuỷiiħ 
ʔuʔuuỷiiħ 
try to get s.t. 
try to get 
. 

It is called 'going hunting' even though they only go a little ways from shore and do not try to get anything.

1.1636
muučiiɬħn̉ak̉aƛ 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-ħn̉aˑkʷ 
in between 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did after four days 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
qʷis 
qʷis 
do thus 
do thus 
ʔaacšiƛ 
ʔacšiƛ 
hunt on the water 
-[L] 
GRAD 
hunting on the water 
hawiiʔaƛʔitq 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when they had finished 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dances 
. 

They do this after the four days of imitative dances.

1.1637
ʔaacšiƛqatħʔaƛ 
ʔacšiƛ 
hunt on the water 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they pretended to go hunting 
ʔuuʔatupqatħʔaƛ 
ʔuuʔatup 
do for a purpose 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
pretend to do for 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʕasp̉uupʔaaqƛ̉aƛqa 
ʕasp̉awup 
pay 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that they will pay them 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
yayaaqitʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
who had been doing 
pipiisatħi 
pipiisatħi 
be active 
working hard 
ʔanicʔitq 
ʔanic 
thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
do thus 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

They pretend to go hunting for something with which to pay the many people, who have been working hard all during the Ritual.

1.1638
ƛaħʔaƛʔaƛ 
ƛaħʔaƛ 
now 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
now they do 
tiičačiƛ̉asʔaƛ 
tiičačiƛ 
come to life 
-ˀas4 
about to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
about to come to life 
čamaasʔaƛ 
čamaas 
earnestly 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they do in earnest 
tiičačiƛ̉as 
tiičačiƛ 
come to life 
-ˀas5 
go to 
come back to life 
. 

Now they were going to come to life for good.

1.1639
hawiiƛ̉asʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were going to finish 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
ʔaħʔaaqħʔičħʔi 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀiˑčħ 
... year 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
that year 
yaqʷaanuuʔaƛʔitq 
yaqʷaanaw̉iƛ 
it is for that reason 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
and it was for that reason 
ʔiiħʔaƛ 
ʔiiħʷ 
very 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
very much 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

They were ending the Wolf Ritual for that year, therefore the people ate a lot.

1.1640
muup̉itšiʔaƛ 
muu 
four 
-p̉it3 
... times 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did four times 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
ʔaaneʔitq 
ʔana 
thus much 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
thus much 
n̉aas 
n̉aas 
day 
day 
. 

They ate four times in the whole day.
pg. 172 begins below

1.1641
muup̉itšiʔaƛ 
muu 
four 
-p̉it3 
... times 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did four times 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eating 
. 

They ate four times.

1.1642
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finished 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eating 
. 

They finished eating.

1.1643
hiinapuʔaƛuksi 
hiinapawiƛ 
present 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I presented 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
wawac̉aqk̉uk 
wawac̉aqk̉uk 
beans 
beans 
n̉upħtaak 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
one container 
niisaak 
niisaˑkʷ 
sack 
sacks 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
n̉upħtaak 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
one container 
niisaak 
niisaˑkʷ 
sack 
sacks 
n̉in̉ixk̉uk 
n̉in̉ixk̉uk 
pea 
peas 
. 

I presented one sack of beans and one sack of peas.

1.1644
ʔuʔiip̉aƛsi 
ʔuʔiip 
give to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I gave to 
p̉ačiƛ 
p̉ačiƛ 
give gift at potlatch 
give gift at potlatch 
ʔaƛeʔi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the two 
niisaak 
niisaˑkʷ 
sack 
sacks 
čučuuʔup 
čučuuʔup 
Shewish 
Shewish 
. 

I presented the two sacks to Shewish.

1.1645
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
p̉usšiʔaƛaħ 
p̉usšiƛ 
get tired 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am tired 
siqaaʔap 
siqaaʔap 
cook s.t. 
cooking 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
ʔuʔuukʷaqħʔaaqƛ̉aƛeʔic 
DUP- 
DIST 
ʔukʷa 
oneself 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you will do this for yourselves 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
siqaỷap 
siqaỷap 
cook s.t. 
cook s.t. 
waaʔaƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I said now 
. 

"Well, I am tired of cooking, you will cook this yourselves", I said now.

1.1646
hiinapuƛƛaa 
hiinapawiƛ 
present 
=ƛaa 
again 
also it was presented 
ƛaʔuu 
ƛaʔuˑ 
other 
other 
. 

Another was presented also.

1.1647
waasiiƛaa 
waa 
say 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
again I said so to 
k̉upaaʔat 
k̉upaaʔat 
Tyee Bob 
Tyee Bob 
ʔuʔuukʷaqħʔaaqƛ̉aƛeʔic 
DUP- 
DIST 
ʔukʷa 
oneself 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you will do this for yourselves 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
siqaaʔak̉ap 
siqaaʔak̉ap 
cook for s.o. 
cook it for them 
yaqčiʔatħʔitqak 
yaqčiʔatħ 
neighbour 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
who are your neighbours 
. 

I also told Tyee Bob, "Cook it yourself, have your fellow tribesmen cook it".

1.1648
ʔaƛħtayiisiƛaa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-ayiˑ 
give 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
also 
I also gave him two containers 
n̉upħtaak 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
one container 
wawac̉aqk̉uk 
wawac̉aqk̉uk 
beans 
beans 
n̉upħtaakƛaa 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
=ƛaa 
again 
one container of 
n̉in̉ixk̉uk 
n̉in̉ixk̉uk 
pea 
peas 
. 

I gave him also two sacks, one of beans and one of peas.

1.1649
ʔatimtʔiš 
ʔat 
even if 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑš1 
3.IND 
however it is 
wiksỷiỷapm̉inħ 
wiksỷiỷap 
not show 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
they never showed it 
. 

However, they never showed it.

1.1650
huptsaapm̉inħ 
huptsaap 
hide s.t. 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
they hid it 
wiktaqšiƛm̉inħ 
wiktaqšiƛ 
fail 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
they never did so 
ƛ̉iiʔiɬ 
ƛ̉iiʔiɬ 
feast 
giving a feast 
. 

They both hid it and never gave a feast.

1.1651
yayaqwiičiʔaƛitii 
DUP- 
SUF 
DUP- 
SUF 
-waˑ 
say [R] 
-iičiƛ 
INC 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
what they then started talking about 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huptaaqħʔaƛ 
huptaa 
be hiding 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
doing secretly 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
wikqaaʔaɬ 
wik 
not 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
=ʔaɬ 
PL 
that they had not done so 
ƛ̉iiʔiɬ 
ƛ̉iiʔiɬ 
feast 
giving a feast 
waaqħʔatʔaɬ 
waa 
say 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ʔaɬ 
PL 
they had been told to 
ʔaniƛii 
ʔaniƛ 
so that 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
so that 
siqaỷapčip 
siqaỷap 
cook s.t. 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
they cook for them 
yaqčiʔatħʔitq 
yaqčiʔatħ 
neighbour 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were neighbours 
. 

For that reason the Tsishaa people started talking in secret that they had not given any feast, though they had been told to cook it for their fellow tribesmen.
pg. 173 begins above

1.1652
ciqšiʔaƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he spoke now 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ɬaapħiitap 
ɬaapħiitap 
Flap-wings-in-house 
Hlaaphiitap 
t̉eeỷis 
t̉eeỷis 
Ambush-Trail 
n̉uw̉iiqsakitʔi 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his late father 
. 

Hlaaphiitap, Ambush-Trail's late father, spoke.

1.1653
n̉aacsaaƛaħ 
n̉aacsa 
see 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I now see it 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
ħaacħuuɬaƛeʔic 
ħaacħuuɬa 
display wealth 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you are displaying wealth 
ʔaani 
ʔaani 
really 
really 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
. 

"I now see, O chief, you are really displaying wealth," he said.

1.1654
ʔaanaaƛeʔic 
ʔaana 
really 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you are really 
quucqʷaacaƛ 
quucqʷaac 
manliness 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
manliness 
n̉uw̉iiqsaƛeʔic 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you are the father 
ʔuuc 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
of the 
hiyiiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
quqʷaas 
quuʔas 
person.pl 
people 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
. 

You are really showing your manhood, you are the father of all the grown-ups and children here, aren't you?

1.1655
tušqaacsiʔiɬħʔaƛħak 
tušqaacsi 
gather on lap 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
you have them gathered on your lap 
haʔuk̉ʷap 
haʔuk̉ʷap 
feed s.o. 
feeding those 
hiyiiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
quqʷaas 
quuʔas 
person.pl 
people 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
. 

Haven't you gathered the many people and children on your lap and fed them?

1.1656
qʷaaʔaƛeʔic 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you are like 
qʷeeʔiitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what is a 
ʔaaʔayintʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔayint 
stocked with many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the heavily-stocked 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
c̉aac̉aak 
c̉aʔakʷ 
river.pl 
rivers 
. 

You are like the rivers stocked with much fish.

1.1657
qʷaaʔaƛeʔic 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you are like 
qʷeeʔiitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what is a 
ʔaaʔayintʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔayint 
stocked with many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the heavily-stocked 
m̉inaaɬi 
m̉inaaɬi 
fishing bank 
fishing bank 
haʔum 
haʔum 
fish 
fish 
. 

You are like the heavily stocked fishing banks.

1.1658
wikħaas 
wik 
not 
-ħaˑs 
1s. INTERR 
haven't you? 
ħeʔiisčiʔaƛ 
ħeʔiisčiƛ 
eat up all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
eaten up all 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
hiiɬitʔi 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
that which is there 
ʔayiiɬ 
ʔaya 
many 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
many in the house 
haʔum 
haʔum 
fish 
flesh 
. 

Have I not eaten everything, all the fish there was in the house?

1.1659
ʔačaqčuuʔač̉in 
ʔača 
who? 
-čuˑ 
having ...-ed 
-ʔač̉in 
1p.DUB 
I wonder which of us would do 
qʷam̉aaqin 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-qin 
1p.REL 
all of us 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
. 

I wonder which of all the tribes would have done it.

1.1660
ỷuuqʷaamaħ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I also did so 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
. 

I also say that.

1.1661
huksaamaħ 
huksaa 
be counting 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am counting 
. 

I am counting.

1.1662
nii 
nii 
see! 
see! 
hiikʷaɬʔaƛin 
hiikʷaɬ 
nearly 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we have done for nearly 
caqiicčiɬšik 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
doing so for twenty days 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
ħaaħaaʔaaɬʔap 
DUP- 
SUF 
ħa 
complete 
-ʔaaɬ2 
each 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
doing so all day each time 
. 

See, we have eaten food all day for nearly twenty days.
pg. 174 begins above

1.1663
suuw̉aqsameʔic 
suw̉aaq 
you (sg) 
-sasa 
precisely [L] 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
it is you doing so 
ʔiiʔiħʔiik 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔiiħʷ 
very 
-ˀiˑkʷ2 
given to [L or R] 
being very 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
wealth 
wealthy 
suw̉aaʕaƛquuk 
suw̉aaq 
you (sg) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
since you are of 
ħaaʔuqsak 
ħaaʔuqsakʷ 
next generation 
next generation 
. 

You are the one who is tremendously wealthy for the arrival of the new generation.

1.1664
suut̉iissamaħ 
sut 
you [sg] 
-ˀiˑs1 
eat 
-sasa 
precisely [L] 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am eating you 
ʔinma 
ʔinma 
suckle 
suckling 
ħaaʔuqsak̉aƛquuk 
ħaaʔuqsakʷ 
next generation 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
as you enter the next generation 
. 

I am really eating you, suckling you as you enter another generation.

1.1665
ʔeʔiiħʔateʔicʔaaɬa 
ʔiiħʷ 
big.pl 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
yours are always big 
ʔinma 
ʔinma 
breast 
breasts 
ħaaʔuqsak̉aƛquuk 
ħaaʔuqsakʷ 
next generation 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
as you enter the next generation 
. 

Your breasts are big as you enter the next generation.

1.1666
ʔaƛiisʔaƛukquu 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-iics 
take ... along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they used to have two dragged up 
hiis 
hiyiis 
there on beach 
on the beach 
hiɬʔii 
hiɬ 
LOC 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
which were there 
maƛis 
maƛ 
tie 
-‘is 
on the beach 
tied on the beach 
nananiqsakʔitqak 
naniiqsu 
grandparent.pl 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
your grandfathers 
. 

Your grandfathers used to have two (whales) pulled up on the beach.

1.1667
qʷaaweeʔin 
qʷaa 
thus 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they were like this 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
maʔasʔaƛweʔin 
maʔas 
tribe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they were a tribe now 
. 

Such were the Tsishaa, they say, they were truly a tribe.

1.1668
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
waaʔaƛ̉at 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
spoken of by them 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
wik̉aƛ̉atsuk 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-suˑk 
2s.ABS 
you are not 
c̉ac̉awačiɬʔat 
DUP- 
SUF 
c̉awaˑ 
one 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-ˀat 
PASS 
done to you alone 
ʕimtšiʔat 
ʕimtšiƛ 
call out names 
-ˀat 
PASS 
called out 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
. 

We are spoken of by the tribes, not you alone.

1.1669
ħaħačatčiɬʔaƛ̉atni 
ħaħačatčiɬ 
call out all the names 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
they call out all the names 
yaqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
that we are 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
yaaqc̉imħaƛqas 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-c̉imʔak 
do on account of [L] 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
about which I am now 
našaak̉aƛ 
našaakʷ 
glad 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
glad 
. 

They mention all of us Tsishaa people, and for that I am glad.

1.1670
našaak̉aƛaħ 
našaakʷ 
glad 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am glad now 
. 

I am glad now.

1.1671
ħaw̉iɬħqaqɔɔ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
=qʷa 
thus 
that he is a chief 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
person 
taayiiqħqa 
taayii 
senior 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
being senior 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
wik 
wik 
not 
not 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
thus 
ʔuušcuk̉ʷap 
ʔuušcuk̉ʷap 
make difficult 
it is made difficult 
hiniip 
hiniip 
get 
get 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
. 

A senior chief does not find it difficult to obtain wealth.

1.1672
ʔatquu 
ʔat 
even if 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even though 
qʷaqapuɬ 
DUP- 
SUF 
-(q)apuɬ 
represent 
they act thus 
ħaw̉iiħuk 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
-uk 
POSS 
chiefs 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
takaa 
takaa 
nevertheless 
nevertheless 
wikɬm̉aa 
wikɬm̉aa 
unable to 
they cannot 
ʔayiičiƛuk 
ʔaayiičiƛ 
increase 
-uk 
IMPF 
they get many 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
. 

Though chiefs of the tribes pretend that is the case, they cannot get a lot of food.

1.1673
sukʷiʔaƛquu 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would take 
nananiqsakitʔitqak 
naniiqsu 
grandparent.pl 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
your late grandfather's 
hiinaan̉uħsimʔakʔi 
hiinaan̉uħsim 
whaling harpoon 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
their whaling spears 
. 

They used to get their grandfathers' harpoons.
pg. 175 begins here

1.1674
c̉axšiʔaƛquu 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would spear now 
. 

They would spear.

1.1675
ʔaƛaakƛaƛquu 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-ˀakƛi 
at rear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they used to tow two 
maƛ̉akƛi 
maƛ̉akƛi 
tow behind 
tow behind 
ʔiiħtuup 
ʔiiħtuup 
whale 
whales 
maaʔak 
maaʔakʷ 
California gray whale 
California whales 
. 

They would have two whales towed behnd.

1.1676
ʔuuʔumqaƛquu 
ʔuuʔumqa 
doing for the sake of 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would do for the sake of them 
ʔuuščiʔatħmisukʷitʔi 
ʔuuščiʔatħmas 
neighbour 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were their neighbours 
yaqwiiʔitq 
yaqwii 
first 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who was first 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
. 

The old-time Tsishaa people would get it for the sake of their neighbours.

1.1677
ħayuuỷip̉aƛquu 
ħayuuỷip 
get ten 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would get ten 
ʔuuỷip 
ʔuuỷip 
catch 
catch 
nananiqsakitʔitqak 
naniiqsu 
grandparent.pl 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
your late grandfather's 
. 

Your late grandfathers would catch ten.

1.1678
wikkʷaaɬšiʔaƛquu 
wikkʷaaɬšiƛ 
be without cost 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
it would be without cost 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
. 

They would not spend any money.

1.1679
ʔanaaƛsuk 
ʔana 
only 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-suˑk 
2s.ABS 
you can only be 
m̉ickʷaɬʔaƛ 
m̉ickʷ 
marvel at 
-aɬ1 
attached to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
be marvelled at 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔayaqƛ̉aƛqa 
ʔayaqƛ1 
expensive 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that these are expensive 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
ħaw̉iɬmis 
wealth 
wealth 
yaaqʷiɬʔaƛʔitqak 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
which you are now 
ʔaayiiỷapšiiɬʔaƛ 
ʔaayiiỷapšiiɬ 
produce many at intervals 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
producing over and over 
yaaqʷiɬʔaƛʔitqak 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
which you are now doing 
t̉ikumqƛinƛ 
t̉ikumqƛinawiƛ 
throw behind one 
throw behind you 
ʔucaỷap 
ʔucaỷap 
take to swh 
taking to 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
nananiqsakitʔitqak 
naniiqsu 
grandparent.pl 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
your late grandfathers 
. 

But you can only be marvelled at that these are costly goods, which you produce in quantity time after time and which you throw behind you to your grandparents.

1.1680
yaaqʷiɬʔaƛqas 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iɬ1 
refer to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
that is why I do 
m̉ickʷaaʔaƛ 
m̉ickʷ 
marvel at 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
marvel at it 
. 

That is why I marvel at it.

1.1681
ƛuukʷaanaqaqɔɔ 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
=qʷa 
thus 
they would give Wolf Rituals 
ħaw̉iiħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chiefs 
. 

The chiefs give Wolf Rituals.

1.1682
ƛuukʷaanaƛquu 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it was a Wolf Ritual 
qʷiisasa 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-sasa 
precisely [L] 
if it is the case that 
muup̉it̉ap 
muu 
four 
-p̉it3 
... times 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
they do four times 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
ʔanicc̉uɬʔitq 
ʔanic 
thus 
-c̉uˑɬ 
... initiate in Wolf Ritual 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
doing the length of the Wolf Ritual 
ʔanicšiƛʔitq 
ʔanicšiƛ 
do thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who do so 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
hawii 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
they finish 
. 

When they do the Wolf Ritual, they only feast four times in the entire period and then finish.

1.1683
ʔuʔiisħʔap 
ʔuʔiis 
eat 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
they feed them 
haaʔumseʔi 
haaʔumsa 
dried salmon 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
dried salmon 
wik 
wik 
not 
not 
ʔuʔiisʔap 
ʔuʔiisʔap1 
feed s.o. 
feed them 
ʔaħkuu 
ʔaħkuu 
thus 
thus 
ʔayaqƛʔi 
ʔayaqƛ1 
expensive 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the expensive 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
yaʕiisʔaƛqas 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀiˑs1 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
which I am now eating 
. 

They feed them with dried salmon, not with this expensive food I am now eating.
pg. 176 begins below

1.1684
yaaqʷiɬʔaƛqas 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iɬ1 
refer to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
that is why I do 
ʔuušp̉aɬaƛ 
ʔuušp̉aɬa 
marvel at 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
marvel at 
m̉ickʷaaʔaƛ 
m̉ickʷ 
marvel at 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
marvel at it 
. 

That is why I look on it with admiration.

1.1685
wikħin 
wik 
not 
-ħin3 
1p.INTERR 
didn't we do? 
wiħc̉inap̉aƛ 
wiħc̉inap 
empty a container 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
emptied it 
yaayiɬ 
yaayiɬ 
there in house 
there in house 
ƛaqmisuk 
ƛaqmis 
oil 
-uk 
POSS 
the oil of 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
haʔumʔi 
haʔum 
food 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the food 
yaayiɬ 
yaayiɬ 
there in house 
there in house 
caqiicqimỷisckʷiʔi 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ˀiˑs1 
cost 
-ckʷiˑ 
remains of... 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one that cost twenty 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
maƛimɬ 
maƛimɬ 
barrel 
barrel 
šuukʷaqc̉u 
šuukʷaˑ 
sugar 
-c̉uˑ1 
in container 
with sugar inside 
. 

Haven't we emptied the oil of this food, the barrel of sugar that costs twenty dollars?"

1.1686
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that way 
that way 
ʔuum̉inƛma 
ʔuum̉aa 
thus far 
-inawiƛ1 
PRF.CAUS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he went thus far 
ciiqciiqa 
ciiqciiqa 
speaking 
talking 
ɬaapħiitamit 
ɬaapħiitap 
Flap-wings-in-house 
-(m)it 
former 
the late Hlaaphiitap 
ʕaaʕaatiqa 
ʕaaʕaatiqa 
be thanking 
thanking 
. 

That far the late Hlaaphiitap went speaking and expressing thanks.

1.1687
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛaħ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
and then I did 
ciqsaap̉aƛ 
ciqsaap 
have s.o. speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
had him speak 
kicaaħin 
kicaaħin 
Mr. Bill 
Mr. Bill 
. 

Then I had Mr. Bill speak.

1.1688
ƛaħʔaaqƛ̉aƛweʔin 
ƛaħʷ 
at present 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
this time he says he will do so 
hixn̉aaħʔaƛ 
hixn̉aaħ 
look for trivial things 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
look for trivial things 
ʔun̉aaħʔaƛ 
ʔun̉aaħ 
look for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
trying to find out 
siʔiɬ 
siʔiɬ 
matchstick 
matchsticks 
qʷišaa 
qʷišaa 
tobacco 
tobacco 
ʔun̉aaħʔaƛ 
ʔun̉aaħ 
look for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
trying to find out 
čiicsỷak 
čiicsỷakʷ 
hook 
hooks 
ɬitkħtaa 
ɬitkħtaa 
codfish line 
codfish line 
ʔukʷiiɬʔaƛ 
ʔuukʷiiɬ 
make 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
making 
ʔuxʷaap 
ʔuxʷaap(i) 
paddle 
paddles 
ħaỷim 
ħaỷim 
bailer 
bailers 
miɬsỷi 
miɬsỷi 
spear 
spears 
. 

"This time he says he will look for something unimportant, matches, tobacco, hooks, codfish line, and make paddles, bailers, spears."

1.1689
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said it 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
qʷaam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all of them who did 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛuk 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
-uk 
POSS 
perform Wolf Ritual 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
. 

All the children who had been doing the Wolf Ritual also said it.

1.1690
kakakuupaƛ 
DUP- 
DIST 
DUP- 
REP 
kaʔup 
mention by name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they each mentioned by name 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
qʷiqʷin̉aħʔaaqƛii 
DUP- 
DIST 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-n̉aˑħ 
seek 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
that which each would look for 
. 

They named what they would each look for.

1.1691
ʔuušʔaƛ 
ʔuuš 
some 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
some did 
haʔumn̉aħʔaaqƛaħ 
haʔumn̉aħ 
seek food 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I will look for food 
siỷa 
siỷa 
I 
I 
waa 
waa 
say 
saying 
. 

Some said, "I am going to look for food".

1.1692
n̉upħtan̉aħʔic̉aaqƛaħ 
n̉up 
one 
-ħtaˑkʷ2 
... containers full 
-n̉aˑħ 
seek 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I will look for one small container 
waa 
waa 
say 
saying 
. 

Or they would say "I am going to look for one small sack".
pg. 177 begins below

1.1693
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ʔuʔumʔiqsuʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the mothers 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ƛaħʔaaqƛ̉aƛqa 
ƛaħʷ 
at present 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that they would do 
ʔuušn̉aaħʔaƛ 
ʔuušn̉aaħ 
seek something 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
seek something 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ƛaħʔaƛqa 
ƛaħʔaƛ 
now 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that it was now 
čaamapaƛuk 
čaamapi 
set s.t. upright 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
theirs were then set right 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ƛaħʔaaqƛ̉aƛqa 
ƛaħʷ 
at present 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that they would do 
ʔun̉aaħʔaƛ 
ʔun̉aaħ 
look for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
looking for 
qicaaɬ 
qicaaɬ 
calico 
calico 
suup 
suup1 
soap 
soap 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
wic̉uumitqa 
wic̉uu 
be too late 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that it was too late 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
hayimħimtqa 
hayimħi 
not know 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that they had not known 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
if 
if 
ƛuukʷaanaaqƛquu 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
if there would be a Wolf Ritual 
. 

The mothers also said they were going to look for something, that they would straighten up, that they would look for calico or soap, that it had been too late and that they had not known if there would be a Wolf Ritual.

1.1694
ʔuuyičiɬħʔaƛ 
ʔuyi 
when 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they referred to when 
huʔacst̉uup̉iikquu 
huʔacst̉uup 
put back screen 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they would put it back 
kʷisqʔičħšiʔiikquu 
kʷisqʔičħšiƛ 
the next year 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it would be the next year 
. 

They referred to the time when the performers' screen would be set up again in another year.
52) put it back at the back of the screen. One year after ƛuukʷaana they start ƛuukʷaana again but only for one day, ad this is called ħuʔacstuup.

1.1695
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
yackʷačiʔaƛ 
yackʷačiƛ 
disperse 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they dispersed 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

Then the people all went away.

1.1696
ƛaħʔaƛ 
ƛaħʷ 
at present 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they had now done so 
tiičačiʔaƛ 
tiičačiƛ 
come to life 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
come to life 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛm̉inħitʔi 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who had performed the Wolf Ritual 
. 

The new initiates had now come to life.

1.1697
yaacmiiqstanuʔaƛ 
yaacmiiqstanawiƛ 
walk among 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began to walk among 
quqʷaasʔi 
quuʔas 
person.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the people 
. 

They began to go about among the people.

1.1698
tumisuɬʔaaqƛ̉aƛ 
tumisuɬ 
blacken the face 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they would blacken their faces 
hinasip 
hinasip 
reach 
reaching up to 
ƛ̉up̉iičħ 
ƛ̉up̉iičħ 
summer 
summer 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ƛaħʔii 
ƛaħʷ 
recently 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who recently 
ʔeʔimʔi 
ʔeʔim 
as soon as 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
as soon as 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
performing the Wolf Ritual 
. 

The ones who had recently performed the Wolf Ritual would have charcoal on their faces right up to the summer.

1.1699
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
qii 
qii 
long time 
long time 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ƛaaʔuukʷitʔiƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
=ƛaa 
again 
the ones who had done so before 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉in 
m̉eeʔiƛ̉in 
Wolf Ritual initiate 
Wolf Ritual initiate 
k̉ačʔic̉aƛ 
k̉ač 
short time 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
do for a short time 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
tumisuɬ 
tumisuɬ 
blacken the face 
blackening their faces 
. 

Those who had been captured by the wolves before did not do it for long, they kept charcoal on their faces for a short time.

1.1700
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
ʕaỷiičħšiƛ̉asʔaƛquu 
ʕaỷiičħšiƛ 
become autumn 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it was going to be autumn 
qʷaaħʔiƛ̉anuʔaƛ 
qʷaaħʔiƛ̉anawiƛ 
put red paint on s.t. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they would put red paint on it 
. 

Just before autumn, they would put red paint below it.

1.1701
tumiisʔaƛ 
tumiˑs 
charcoal 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they had charcoal 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
hinimseʔi 
hinimsa 
top 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the upper part of 
hinuuɬʔi 
hinuuɬ 
face 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the face 
. 

They had charcoal on the upper part of the face.

1.1702
čamiħta 
čamiħta 
proper 
they kept it so 
m̉ačinksap 
m̉ačinksap 
make one year's circuit 
one year's circuit 
tumisuɬ 
tumisuɬ 
blacken the face 
blackening their faces 
. 

They kept blackening their faces there for just one year.

1.1703
nii 
nii 
see! 
see! 
ʔanaħukʷitii 
ʔanaħʷ 
size 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
how much it was 
tumiis 
tumiˑs 
charcoal 
charcoal 
ʔiiħmis 
ʔiiħmis 
valuable 
prized 
yaqwiimit 
yaqwiimit 
ancestor 
ancestors 
. 

See how highly prized charcoal was to the people of old.
pg. 178 begins here

1.1704
ʔuħʔaƛuk 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
it was 
numaak 
numaakʷ 
tabooed 
taboo 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
ʔuʔiis 
ʔuʔiis 
eat 
eat 
ciciħʔaqƛ 
ciciħʔaqƛ 
crab-apple 
crab-apples 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛʔi 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who had performed the Wolf Ritual 
. 

It is taboo for the new initiates to eat crab apples.

1.1705
ʔuuʔutỷak̉aƛ 
ʔuuʔutỷak 
be afraid 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were afraid 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
ʕiiʕič̉akƛiqsiƛʔaaɬa 
DUP- 
PL 
ʕiiʕič̉aqƛiqsiƛ 
teeth rot at roots 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
it would always rot their teeth 
čičiči 
čičiči 
tooth 
teeth 
č̉aač̉akƛkʷist̉aħsiƛ 
č̉aač̉akƛkʷist̉aħsiƛ 
fester 
gums start suppurating 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
miixtšiƛšiʔaƛquu 
miixtšiƛ 
get older 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they get older 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʔatiya 
ʔat 
even if 
-(y)iya 
at ... time 
even when 
ʔatquu 
ʔat 
even if 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even though 
ʔiiqħii 
ʔiiqħii 
still 
still 
t̉an̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child 
-ʔis 
DIM 
a little child 
qʷiisšiiɬšiʔat 
qʷis 
do thus 
-šiiɬ 
ITER [L] 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀat 
PASS 
begins doing so 
čičiči 
čičiči 
tooth 
teeth 
. 

They feared that, as it is said, their teeth would rot at the roots and start suppurating when they got older or even while they were still children.

1.1706
ʔuuʔuuʔinʔaƛ 
ʔuuʔuuʔin1 
be a consequence of 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it is then caused by 
ƛuukʷaaneʔitq 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when they are doing the Wolf Ritual 
. 

That is the consequence during the (year) he is in the Wolf Ritual state.

1.1707
ʔuħʔaƛuk 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
there was 
numaak 
numaakʷ 
tabooed 
taboo 
k̉ums 
k̉ums 
herring roe 
herring roe 
ʔuʔiisšiƛquu 
ʔuʔiisšiƛ 
eat 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when eating 
haʔukšiƛ 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
eating 
ƛuukʷaanaqħ 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual member 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
while being a Wolf Ritual member 
. 

They have a tabu against eating herring roe while in the Wolf Ritual state.
53) k̉ums is herring eggs while still inside of them before they spawn.
54) All the newly onitiated into ƛuukʷaana are considered to be ƛuukʷaana the whole year round until they huʔacst̉uup.

1.1708
ʔuuʔumiiʔak̉aƛ 
ʔuuʔumiiʔak 
fear s.t. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were afraid that 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
qaatkʷačiʔatquu 
qaatkʷačiƛ 
be cut up 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-quu1 
3.CND 
theirs might be cut up 
ƛišƛin 
ƛišƛin 
foot 
foot 
kʷikʷinksu 
kʷikʷinksu 
hand 
hands 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
qʷisʔaaɬa 
qʷis 
do thus 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
always does so 
ʔuʔiisčiʔaƛ̉atquu 
ʔuʔiisšiƛ 
start to eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they eat them 
ʔeʔimqħʔat 
ʔeʔim 
as soon as 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀat 
PASS 
as soon as they do so 
ƛuukʷaaniičiʔat 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
-ˀat 
PASS 
performing the Wolf Ritual 
. 

They are afraid that their hands and feet will get cut up, for they say that always happens when a new initiate eats it.

1.1709
ʔuħukʷitaƛaa 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-a 
ABS? 
=ƛaa 
also 
they also had 
numaak 
numaakʷ 
tabooed 
taboo 
nač̉aat 
nač̉a 
tail 
-ˀat 
INAL 
tail of 
ʔiiħtuup 
ʔiiħtuup 
whale 
whale 
maaʔak 
maaʔakʷ 
California gray whale 
California whales 
. 

They also had a tabu against whale's tail.

1.1710
ʔuuʔumiiʔakƛaa 
ʔuuʔumiiʔak 
for fear that 
=ƛaa 
again 
they were afraid that 
qaatkʷačiʔatquu 
qaatkʷačiƛ 
be cut up 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-quu1 
3.CND 
theirs might be cut up 
ƛišƛin 
ƛišƛin 
foot 
feet 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
kʷikʷinksu 
kʷikʷinksu 
hand 
hands 
. 

They were afraid their future feet and hands would get cut up.

1.1711
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
t̉uħc̉itak 
t̉uħc̉iti 
head 
-ˀak 
POSS 
heads of 
maaʔak 
maaʔakʷ 
California gray whale 
California whales 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ʔiiħtuup 
ʔiiħtuup 
humpbacked whale 
humpbacked whale 
ʔuuʔutỷak 
ʔuuʔutỷak 
lest 
lest 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
sixuuɬukquu 
sixuuɬ 
sores on the face 
-uk 
POSS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
sores on their face 
naỷaqnakšiʔiikquu 
naỷaqnakšiƛ 
give birth 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they are born 
siisixuɬʔiikukquu 
DUP- 
SUF 
sixuuɬ 
sores on the face 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-uk 
POSS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that theirs would have sores on their faces 
t̉aatn̉ačiɬšiʔiikquu 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-(č,kʷ)iiɬ1 
make [L] 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they start having children 
. 

Also the head of the California whale and the humpbacked whale, lest their babies be born with faces full of sores when they have children.
pg. 179 begins above

1.1712
ʔuħukma 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
they had  
numaak 
numaakʷ 
tabooed 
taboo 
ƛičsỷup 
ƛičsỷup 
Pacific cinquefoil 
tlichsyop clover 
ʔuʔiisšiƛquu 
ʔuʔiisšiƛ 
eat 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when eating 
ƛuukʷaanaqħ 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual member 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
while being a Wolf Ritual member 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
k̉aak̉aaħan̉uuɬqa 
k̉aak̉aaħan̉uuɬ 
burst lengthwise 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that it bursts lengthwise 
. 

They had a taboo on eating clover root while they were in the Wolf Ritual state because it always bursts lengthwise;

1.1713
ʔuuʔutỷak̉aƛ 
ʔuuʔutỷak 
be afraid 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were afraid 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
if 
if 
k̉aaħiituuɬukquu 
k̉aaħiituuɬ 
skin chafes 
-uk 
POSS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that their skin would chafe 
naỷaqnakšiʔiikquu 
naỷaqnakšiƛ 
give birth 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they are born 
. 

They feared they would have children with chafed skin.
Analysis of k̉aaħiituuɬ unclear

1.1714
ʔuħukʷita 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-a 
ABS? 
they had a  
numaak 
numaakʷ 
tabooed 
taboo 
saak̉aɬ 
saak̉aˑɬ 
cooked dogfish 
cooked dogfish 
ʔuʔiisšiƛquu 
ʔuʔiisšiƛ 
eat 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when eating 
ʔuʔutỷak 
ʔuuʔutỷak 
lest 
lest 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʕaɬʕap̉išituƛquu 
ʕaɬʕap̉išituƛ 
get white spots on the skin 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that they would get white spots on the body 
. 

They had a taboo against eating cooked dogfish, fearing that they would get white spots on the body.
55) saak̉aɬ - 'cooked dogfish' dried out many times in winter and eaten cold. The č̉isapq is some kind of sudden death

1.1715
ʔuħukʷita 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-a 
ABS? 
they had a  
numaak 
numaakʷ 
tabooed 
taboo 
ʔuʔiisšiƛquu 
ʔuʔiisšiƛ 
eat 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when eating 
ʕapsỷin 
ʕapsỷin 
abalone 
abalone 
. 

They had a taboo on eating abalone.

1.1716
ʔuuʔutỷak 
ʔuuʔutỷak 
be afraid 
they were afraid 
sisixħtinƛquu 
sisixħtinawiƛ 
get sores on the feet 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they might get sores on the feet 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
since 
k̉ak̉aaħiicqa 
DUP- 
PL 
k̉aaħiic 
burst on the side 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it is burst on its sides 
ʕapsỷin 
ʕapsỷin 
abalone 
abalone 
. 

They feared they would get sores on the feet since the abalone has breaks in its sides.

1.1717
ʔuħukʷita 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-a 
ABS? 
they had a  
numaak 
numaakʷ 
tabooed 
taboo 
t̉uc̉up 
t̉uc̉up 
Giant Red Sea Urchin 
sea urchins 
. 

They had a taboo on sea urchins.

1.1718
ʔuuʔutỷak 
ʔuuʔutỷak 
be afraid 
they feared 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
xʷaxʷakč̉ap̉apʔaaɬa 
xʷaxʷakč̉ap 
suffer from swelling 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
makes one suffer from swelling 
yaaqʷiɬqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iɬ1 
refer to 
-qin 
1p.REL 
which we refer to 
t̉uc̉up 
t̉uc̉up 
swelling 
swelling 
ʔukɬaaʔap 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
they are called 
yaakmis 
yaakmis 
sore 
sore/abcess 
. 

they feared it would make them suffer from swellings and sores, which we call sea eggs.

1.1719
ʔuħukʷita 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-a 
ABS? 
they had a  
numaak 
numaakʷ 
tabooed 
taboo 
ƛ̉ipuus 
ƛ̉ipuˑs 
Pelagic Cormorant 
cormorants 
. 

They had a taboo on shags.
pg. 180 begins below

1.1720
ʔuuʔutỷak 
ʔuuʔutỷak 
be afraid 
they are afraid 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
since 
ƛ̉iƛkƛ̉iƛkšqa 
ƛ̉iƛkƛ̉iƛkš 
exploding 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they are exploding 
c̉itkmaɬasʔap̉aƛ̉atquu 
c̉itkmaɬas 
roll around on 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it is rolled over the fire 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
ʔuuʔutỷak̉aƛ 
ʔuuʔutỷak 
be afraid 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were afraid 
ƛ̉iiƛkƛ̉iiƛkšukquu 
ƛ̉iƛkƛ̉iƛkš 
exploding 
-uk 
POSS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it explodes 
naỷaqnakšiʔiikquu 
naỷaqnakšiƛ 
give birth 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they are born 
ʔuuʔuuyiʔinʔakquu 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔuyi 
when 
-ˀin5 
1p.IMP 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
if his should do it when 
ƛuukʷaaneʔitq 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when they are doing the Wolf Ritual 
. 

They are afraid since it pops when rolled over the fire, fearing that one's baby might blow up when they are born.

1.1721
ʔuħukʷita 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-a 
ABS? 
they had a  
numaak 
numaakʷ 
tabooed 
taboo 
ʕac̉axʔuktʔi 
ʕac̉axʔukt 
catch with a snare 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones caught with a snare 
ƛ̉ipuus 
ƛ̉ipuˑs 
Pelagic Cormorant 
cormorants 
maamaatištup 
maamaatištup 
bird species 
kinds of birds 
. 

They had a taboo on birds caught with snares, such as cormorants and other bird species.

1.1722
ʔuuʔutỷak 
ʔuuʔutỷak 
be afraid 
they were afraid 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
qʷaaʔapukquu 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-uk 
POSS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
theirs might do thus 
naỷaqnakšiʔiikquu 
naỷaqnakšiƛ 
give birth 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they are born 
ħaašħaašak 
ħaašħaaša 
be choking 
-ˀak 
POSS 
theirs was choking 
wiipaaxỷiħičiiɬuk 
wiipaaxỷiħičiiɬ 
choking now and then 
-uk 
POSS 
theirs might have choking fits 
. 

They were afraid that when their baby is born, their breathing might be subject to choking fits.

1.1723
ʔuħukʷita 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-a 
ABS? 
they had a  
numaak 
numaakʷ 
tabooed 
taboo 
yaqwiimit 
yaqwiimit 
ancestor 
ancestors 
qawii 
qawaš 
salmonberry 
salmonberries 
ʔuʔiisšiƛquu 
ʔuʔiisšiƛ 
eat 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when eating 
ƛuukʷaanaqħ 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual member 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
while being a Wolf Ritual member 
. 

The old-time people had a taboo on eating salmonberries while in the Wolf Ritual state.

1.1724
ʔuuʔutỷak 
ʔuuʔutỷak 
be afraid 
they were afraid 
ƛ̉iiħaqʷayatquu 
ƛ̉iħaq2 
thin 
-aya 
continuously [L] 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would always be thin 
t̉aatn̉ačiiɬšiʔiikquu 
t̉aatn̉ačiiɬšiƛ 
produce offspring 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they would produce offspring 
. 

They feared that when they produced offspring they would always be thin.

1.1725
ʔuħukʷita 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-a 
ABS? 
they had a  
numaak 
numaakʷ 
tabooed 
taboo 
ƛ̉upaaỷisquu 
ƛ̉upaaỷis 
eat hot food 
-quu1 
3.CND 
eating hot food 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
. 

They had a taboo on eating hot things.

1.1726
wiiksinħaƛquu 
wiiksinħi 
avoid 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they avoided 
ƛ̉upaaỷis 
ƛ̉upaaỷis 
eat hot food 
eating hot food 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
ħikʷaỷiiħ 
hikʷaỷiiħ 
do continuously 
do continuously 
m̉aɬaaỷis 
m̉aɬaaỷis 
eat cold food 
eat cold food 
. 

They avoided hot food and always ate it cold.
ħaakʷaỷiiħ

1.1727
ʔuuʔutỷak 
ʔuuʔutỷak 
be afraid 
they were afraid 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
čiičiičč̉aʕiikquu 
čiičiičč̉aʕiikʷ 
be given to toothaches 
-quu1 
3.CND 
be given to toothaches 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

They feared they would always have toothaches.

1.1728
yaqʷinƛitii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-aˑnaw̉iƛ 
because of ... 
-(m)it 
former 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
that is why 
ʔaani 
ʔaani 
really 
really 
wiiỷa 
wiiỷa 
never 
never 
čičičč̉ap 
čičičč̉ap 
have a toothache 
have a toothache 
yaqwiimit 
yaqwiimit 
ancestor 
ancestors 
. 

This is why the people of old never had a toothache.
pg. 181 begins below

1.1729
čačimħaƛ̉atquu 
čačimħi 
comfortable 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
theirs would do so easily 
wackkʷist̉aħsʔat 
wackkʷist̉aħs 
twist out 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it would twist out 
čičʔataƛquu 
čičʔatu 
lose a tooth 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they would lose a tooth 
wiktaqšiʔat 
wiktaqšiƛ 
fail 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it would not be 
yaaʔak 
yaaʔakʷ 
sore 
sore 
. 

When they lost a tooth, it would twist out nicely without aching.

1.1730
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛquu 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-quu1 
3.CND 
then they would do 
t̉iisc̉anup̉aƛ 
t̉iisc̉anawup 
throw up on roof 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
throw up on roof 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
. 

Then they would throw it up on the roof of the house.

1.1731
ħaʔuyiiʔisamɔɔ 
ħaʔuu 
exchange 
-ayiˑ 
give 
-ˀiˑsim 
2s>1s.FUT.IMPER 
-ee 
VOC 
please give me another one 
čičiči 
čičiči 
tooth 
teeth 
c̉imt̉ɔɔ 
c̉imt̉uu 
red squirrel 
-ee 
VOC 
O squirrel 
ʔuyiiʔisim 
ʔuyii 
give 
-ˀiˑsim 
2s>1s.FUT.IMPER 
give me 
ƛuɬqɔɔ 
ƛuɬ 
good 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-ee 
VOC 
one that is good 
waaʔaƛquu 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
they would say 
t̉iisc̉ipqħ 
t̉iisc̉ip 
throw onto roof 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
throw on roof 
čičičaanitʔi 
čičiči 
tooth 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his former tooth 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
. 

"Please give me another tooth, O squirrel, you must give me a good one", they would say throwing their former tooth up on the roof of the house.

1.1732
ʔaanaaƛquu 
ʔaana 
really 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
it really did so 
ƛ̉aqkʷist̉aħsʔatƛaa 
ƛ̉aqkʷist̉aħs 
grow out 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
again 
grow out again 
huʔas 
huʔaas 
once again 
once again 
ʔatquu 
ʔat 
even if 
-quu1 
3.CND 
even though 
quuʔasʔaƛ 
quuʔas 
person 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was a grown person 
ʔiiħʔaƛ 
ʔiiħʷ 
very 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
very much 
. 

Sure enough it would grow out again, even for a grown man.

1.1733
qʷam̉aaʔakita 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-a 
ABS? 
there are thus many 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
those 
numaak 
numaakʷ 
tabooed 
taboos 
ƛuukʷaaniičiʔaƛquu 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they perform the Wolf Ritual 
. 

Those are the taboos of the Wolf Ritual initiates.

1.1734
ʔaaƛp̉itħn̉ak 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉itħn̉akʷ 
... length of time 
it was after two (week) 
saantii 
saantii 
week 
weeks 
qʷiyiqas 
qʷiyii 
when 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
when I  
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
finished 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

Two weeks passed after I finished the Wolf Ritual.

1.1735
ʕic̉aatšiʔat 
ʕic̉aatšiƛ 
have first menses 
-ˀat 
PASS 
she had her first menses 
ħaayuuqʷiɬamaʔuq 
ħaayuuqʷiɬamaʔuq 
Eva 
Eva 
. 

Eva started menstruating for the first time.

1.1736
ʔiiqħuk̉ʷataħ 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
mine was told 
yaqcħiqas 
yaqcħi 
spouse 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my wife 
kuʔaɬʔi 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
in the morning 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
ʕic̉aatšiƛ 
ʕic̉aatšiƛ 
have first menses 
she was having her first menses 
. 

She told my wife in the morning that she was having her first menses.

1.1737
ƛ̉iʕaƛ 
ƛ̉iʕaƛ 
fire a weapon 
they were fired 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔaƛp̉iiɬ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉iˑɬʷ2 
...songs 
two 
saasaqi 
saasaqi 
cannon 
cannons 
kuʔaɬʔi 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
in the morning 
. 

The two cannons were fired in the morning.

1.1738
yaacsaapsi 
yaacsaap 
send 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I sent them 
qʷiƛ̉iinim 
qʷiƛ̉iinim 
Dick 
Old Dick 
ʔukʷink̉ap 
ʔukʷink̉ap 
do together with 
doing together with 
qaciiwin 
qaciiwin 
David 
David 
. 

I had Dick and David start out.

1.1739
ʔucaỷapsi 
ʔucaỷap 
take to swh 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had them go to 
ʕasw̉inʔis 
ʕasw̉inʔis 
Adze-Middle-Beach 
Adze-Middle-Beach 
waamaasʔap 
waamaasʔap 
send around inviting 
go around inviting 
. 

I had them go to Adze-Middle-Beach, inviting from house to house.
pg. 182 begins here

1.1740
ʔuyaqħʔasaħ 
ʔuyaqħ 
news 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I bring the news 
ʔiyaqħmis 
ʔuyaqħmis 
news 
news 
maʔees 
maʔas 
tribe 
Oh, tribe 
qʷiqii 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
what it might be 
ƛ̉iʕaƛʔi 
ƛ̉iʕaƛ 
fire a weapon 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
which is the sound of firing 
ʔaƛa 
ʔaƛa 
two 
two 
saasaqi 
saasaqi 
cannon 
cannons 
weeʔičim 
waa 
say 
-ˀiˑčim 
2>3p.FUT.IMP 
say to them! 
waamaaħ 
waa 
say 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am saying so 
qʷiƛ̉iinim 
qʷiƛ̉iinim 
Dick 
Old Dick 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
qaciiwin 
qaciiwin 
David 
David 
. 

I told Dick and David, "You fellows say, 'I have come with news, O tribe, of what might be the firing of the two cannons".

1.1741
ʕicnaakšiʔaƛaħƛaa 
ʕicnaakšiƛ 
have first menses 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ƛaa 
again 
I have again someone who has started to menstruate 
yaacšiʔi 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
go now 
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
ƛaħʔuyi 
ƛaħʔuyi 
immediately 
immediately 
yaaʔaɬʔeeʔica 
yaaʔaɬ 
look on 
-ˀeˑʔic(a) 
2s>3 
so you may look on at 
hiičapas 
hiičapas 
raised-torch ceremony 
raised-torch ceremony 
. 

I again have someone who has started to menstruate, go now right away so you may see the torch ceremony."

1.1742
waaʔaƛʔaɬ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔaɬ 
PL 
they say 
ʔaƛeʔi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the two 
t̉aqmaasʔaƛ 
t̉aqmaas 
go right around the village 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went around the village right here 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
is 
kicaaħin 
kicaaħin 
Mr. Bill 
Mr. Bill 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
hisimʔas 
hisimʔas 
go about the village 
going about the village 
qʷiʔatħqin 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ˀatħ1 
live at 
-qin 
1p.REL 
ours who live here 
yaayaacsỷup 
yaayaacsỷup 
go about coaxing 
go about coaxing 
yaqčiʔatħqin 
yaqčiʔatħ 
neighbour 
-qin 
1p.REL 
the ones who were our neighbours 
. 

The two of them said that Mr. Bill went from house to house right here at our village, urging our neighbours to come.

1.1743
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they came now 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

The Huupachas came now.

1.1744
yacpiʔaƛ 
yacpiƛ 
go into house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went into the house 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
ħapiƛ 
ħapiƛ 
all in house 
all in house 
maħt̉iimitʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the former house 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
big 
. 

The Tsishaa all entered the former big house.

1.1745
ħisʔaaħaħ 
ħis[...]'aaħ 
unable to do 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I cannot do so 
ʔuʔuukʷiiqamaħ 
ʔuʔuukʷiiqa 
drag along in water 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am held back 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
ƛaħqaasƛaa 
ƛaħʷ 
recently 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
=ƛaa 
again 
I had just done so 
hawiiƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
finished 
ʔuušsaħap 
ʔuušsaħap 
potlatch 
potlatching 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
ħamat̉amitqas 
ħamat̉ap 
be aware 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I knew I would do so 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
qʷisʔaaqƛƛaa 
qʷis 
do thus 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
=ƛaa 
also 
would be doing so also 
. 

"I cannot say I am kept back because I just finished giving a feast, for I knew I would do so again.

1.1746
wikʔaaqƛaħ 
wik 
not 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I won't do 
ʔuuyiʔinħi 
ʔuuyiʔinħi 
wait for when 
wait to do 
hiičapas 
hiičapas 
raised-torch ceremony 
raised-torch ceremony 
. 

I am not going to wait to give a torch ceremony.

1.1747
ƛaħʔaaqƛaħ 
ƛaħʷ 
at present 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I will do at present 
hiičapas 
hiičapas 
raised-torch ceremony 
raised-torch ceremony 
n̉aasʔii 
n̉aas 
day 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
that day 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
. 

I will give a Raised-torch ceremony now, this day.

1.1748
ʔuuʔatumaħ 
ʔuuʔatup 
do for a purpose 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am doing for 
siiħiɬ 
siiħiɬ 
you (p.Obj) 
you all 
hišimỷuup 
hišimỷawup 
gather; assemble  
calling together 
. 

I assembled you for that purpose."

1.1749
waaʔap̉aƛaħ 
DUP- 
SUF 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I had him say now 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
speaking 
qaciiwinmit 
qaciiwin 
David 
-(m)it 
former 
the late David 
. 

I had the late David say this.
pg. 183 begins here

1.1750
hiniiʔassi 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I went outside 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
hiičapas 
hiičapas 
hold torch in air 
holding torch in air 
. 

I then went outside holding the torches up.

1.1751
muuqumɬuksi 
muu 
four 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-uk 
POSS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had four 
hičma 
hičma 
torch 
torches 
. 

I had four torches.

1.1752
ʔuuciičiƛ 
ʔuuciičiƛ 
get 
he got 
hičma 
hičma 
torch 
torch 
naaw̉aħat 
naaw̉aħat 
Watty Shewish 
Watty Shewish 
. 

One torch was given to Watty Shewish.

1.1753
hičmaakʔitqak 
hičma 
torch 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
it is your torch 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
waanii 
waa 
say 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we said 
. 

"That is your torch", we said.

1.1754
hičmaakʔitqak 
hičma 
torch 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
it is your torch 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
yackʷiseemɬ 
yackʷiseemɬ 
Jimmie Santo 
Jimmie Santo 
waanii 
waa 
say 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we said 
. 

"That is your torch, Jimmy Santo", we said.

1.1755
hičmaakʔitqak 
hičma 
torch 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
it is your torch 
waaʔaƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I said now 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ɬuucsmaakitʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the late wife of 
c̉aaʔuɬan̉uɬ 
c̉aaʔuɬan̉uɬ 
Charly Klootasee 
Charly Klutasee 
. 

"It is your torch", I said to the late wife of Charlie Klutasee.

1.1756
hičmaakʔitqak 
hičma 
torch 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
it is your torch 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
waaʔaƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I said now 
kʷaacaapi 
kʷaacaapi 
Facing-back 
Captain Bill 
ħaakʷaaƛukʷitʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his late daughter 
huupač̉asʔaqsupỷukšiƛukʷitʔi 
huupač̉asʔaqsupỷukšiƛ 
be born of a Huupachas woman 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who was born of a Huupachas woman 
. 

"It is your torch", I said to the late daughter of Captain Bill, whose mother was Huupachas.

1.1757
ƛapiʔaƛuksi 
ƛapiƛ 
put up a post 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
mine was put up now 
k̉aayuupỷak 
k̉aayuupỷakʷ 
swing 
swing 
. 

My swing was then put up.

1.1758
nuuʔiʔaƛsi 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I started singing 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
t̉apỷak 
t̉apỷakʷ 
tama song 
tama song 
. 

I began a tamaa song.

1.1759
|| 
ʔeeyeeʔa 
ʔaaʔa 
ỷadiiʔiyi 
ʔiiyiʔiihi 
ya 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ʔuuʔuuʔaniʔak 
nduunduuʔaniʔaa 
ʔeeye 
ʔaaʔa 
yadi 
ʕuusʔuuƛƛaa 
ʕuusʔawiƛ 
repeat 
=ƛaa 
again 
it repeats 
ʕimtšiƛ 
ʕimtšiƛ 
sing the chorus 
sing the chorus 
part 
, 
ʔeeyee 
ʔaaʔa 
yadii 
ʔeeyeeʔaaayidiiyi 
ʔiiyi 
ʔiiyi 
yecch! 
yecch! 
ʔiihiya 
ʔuuʔuuʔadiʔaaks 
mine is sounding 
nduunduuʔaniʔaa 
kaakaaxumatquc 
mbaacmbaayuxʷ 
ʔeeyee 
yadiiyi 
ʔiiyi 
ʔiiyi 
yecch! 
yecch! 
hii 
hii 
hii 
hii 
||. 

"Eye'a. mine makes a singing sound", and the words repeat again, "eye'aa'a. mine makes music, the rattle of the supernatural spearsman".
pg. 184 begins here

1.1760
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
nuʔatap 
nuʔatap 
finish singing 
they finish singing 
. 

Then they finish singing.

1.1761
ʔiinaxaƛ 
ʔiinaxi 
dress up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they dressed up 
siixuuɬmiik 
siixuuɬmiikʷ 
Soreface-Hunter 
Douglas 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
yuuk̉um 
yuuk̉um 
Yuukum 
Yuukum 
hisimɬp̉ičiɬʔaƛ 
hisimɬp̉ič 
go around the base 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they danced around the legs 
huuyaaɬ 
huuyaaɬ 
dance 
dancing 
ƛamam̉inħuk 
ƛama 
housepost 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-uk 
POSS 
the posts of 
k̉aayuupỷakʔi 
k̉aayuupỷakʷ 
swing 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the swing 
. 

Douglas and Yuukum dressed up and went dancing round the legs of the swing.

1.1762
ʔuqƛn̉ukm̉inħ 
ʔuqƛn̉uk 
hold in hands 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
they held in their hands 
č̉iiskmin 
č̉iiskmin 
scrape-rattle 
scrape-rattle 
čimcaasʔatʔi 
čimcaas 
right hand 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their right hands 
kʷikʷinksum̉inħ 
kʷikʷinksu 
hand 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
hands 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
m̉aačỷakt̉iiʔiɬa 
m̉ačỷakʷ 
two-pronged harpoon 
-t̉iˑʔiɬa 
pretend to [L] 
a pretend two-pronged harpoon 
ʔaƛiiħteʔis 
ʔaƛiiħta 
two prongs 
-ʔis 
DIM 
a small two-pronged 
qacaasʔatʔi 
qaccaas 
left hand 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their left hands 
. 

Each held a rattle in his right hand and a toy two-pronged spear in their left hands.

1.1763
ʔuut̉iiʔiɬaƛuk 
ʔuut̉iʔiɬa 
imitate 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
these represented 
m̉ačỷakukč̉a 
m̉ačỷakʷ 
two-pronged harpoon 
-uk 
IMPF 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the two-pronged spears of the legendary ones 
maacmaayuxʷin 
maacmaayuxʷin 
Supernatural Spearsman 
supernatural spearsmsn 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
čačimʔakħweʔin 
čačimħi 
fixed up 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
theirs is what they are really of 
maacmaayuxʷinč̉a 
maacmaayuxʷin 
Supernatural Spearsman 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the so-called supernatural spearsmsn 
. 

These represented the spears of the supernatural spearsman, for that is what they really were.

1.1764
ʔuʔuʔiiħʔatni 
ʔuʔuʔiiħ 
hunt 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we are hunted by them 
yaqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
that we are 
quʔactup 
quʔactup 
human being 
human being 
. 

We, human beings, are hunted by them.

1.1765
tukuuk̉ʷap̉atħweʔinni 
tukuuk 
sea lion 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-weˑʔinni 
1p.QT 
we are like sea lions to them 
kuukuħw̉isap̉at 
kukuħw̉isa 
hairseal 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀat 
PASS 
like hairseals 
. 

We are to them like sea-lions or hair-seals.

1.1766
simaacyinqħweʔin 
simaacyin 
be leaning in the bow 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
it is at the bow 
čamiħta 
čamiħta 
really 
really 
m̉ačỷakukʔi 
m̉ačỷakʷ 
two-pronged harpoon 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
that which they have as two-pronged harpoon 
yaaqħw̉ink̉aƛiičʔaaɬa 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ħw̉inkʷ 
use [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-yiič 
3.INDF.REL 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
which will be used for 
c̉axšiƛ 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
spearing 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

He has sticking out at the bow of the canoe, he really has a spear for people.

1.1767
yaqʷinƛii 
yaqʷaanaw̉iƛ 
it is for that reason 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
it is for that reason that 
ʔayims 
ʔayims 
often 
often 
c̉axỷiiħa 
c̉axỷiiħa 
spear to death 
spear to death 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

That is why people are often speared to death.

1.1768
yaaqt̉iʔiɬaƛukʔitqʔaɬ 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-t̉iˑʔiɬa 
pretend to [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
=ʔaɬ 
PL 
that is what is represented by them 
yayaaʕaqƛn̉ukʔitq 
DUP- 
SUF 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
which is in the hands of 
ʔaƛeʔi 
ʔaƛa 
two 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the two 
siixuuɬmiik 
siixuuɬmiikʷ 
Soreface-Hunter 
Douglas 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
yuuk̉um 
yuuk̉um 
Yuukum 
Yuukum 
m̉aačỷakt̉iiʔiɬaƛuk 
m̉aačỷakt̉iʔiɬa 
toy sea mammal spear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
their toy spears 
. 

That is what was represented by the toy spears which Douglas and Yuukum both held.
pg. 185 begins below

1.1769
wee 
wee1 
moreover 
moreover 
ʔanič 
ʔanič 
that 
that 
č̉iiskmin 
č̉iiskmin 
scrape-rattle 
scrape-rattle 
ʔuqƛn̉ukƛaa 
ʔuqƛn̉uk 
hold in hands 
=ƛaa 
also 
they also hold in hands 
č̉iiskmin 
č̉iiskmin 
scrape-rattle 
scrape-rattle 
. 

And they also hold scrape rattles in their hands.

1.1770
yaqʷaanuuʔaƛʔitq 
yaqʷaanaw̉iƛ 
it is for that reason 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
and it was for that reason 
ʔuʔuʔinʔakaħ 
ʔuʔuʔin 
make a sound 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
mine makes a sound 
nunuuʔin 
nunuuʔin 
sound of singing 
sound of singing 
kuxminʔakqas 
kuxmin 
wooden rattle 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my rattle 
wawaaʔaƛuk 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
it says 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
. 

That is why the song says, "My rattle makes a sound of singing".

1.1771
weʔiiqqiʔaƛ 
weʔiiqqi 
tufts on the head 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they had tufted headresses 
ʔiʔiinaxiʔi 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔiinaxi 
dress up 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who were dressed up 
ʔaničƛaa 
ʔanič 
that 
=ƛaa 
again 
that is again 
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
like 
maacmaayuxʷinč̉a 
maacmaayuxʷin 
Supernatural Spearsman 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the so-called supernatural spearsmsn 
. 

The dancers in regalia each had a tufted headdress, which is also said to be like the supernatural spearsman.

1.1772
macmayuxʷatqiicukʷaħ 
maacmaayuxʷin 
Supernatural Spearsman 
-iic 
belong to 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
mine belongs to the supernatural spearsman 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
t̉apỷak 
t̉apỷakʷ 
tama song 
tama song 
. 

This tamaa song of mine belongs to the supernatural spearsman.

1.1773
ʔuʕaštitweʔin 
ʔuuʕašt 
obtain 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
it was obtained 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔuuỷip 
ʔuuỷip 
find 
found it 
č̉isaap 
č̉isaap2 
Black Magic 
Black Magic 
ʔukɬaanuʔaƛič̉a 
ʔukɬaanawiƛ 
be called 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
said to be called 
ʔuusaaħaƛ 
ʔuusaaħi 
for this reason 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
because of 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuuỷipqa 
ʔuuỷip 
catch 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he had got 
maacmaayuxʷin 
maacmaayuxʷin 
Supernatural Spearsman 
supernatural spearsman 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
Na'uwa'a people 
Na'uuwa'ath 
. 

It was obtained by a Na'uwa'a person, who came to be called Black-Magic, because of getting from the Supernatural Spearsman.

1.1774
ʔuuʔutaħsimčħitweʔin 
ʔuuʔutaħsimč 
do ritual for whaling 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
while doing ritual for whaling 
yaacpanač 
yaacpanač 
walk around 
walking around 
neʔiičiƛ 
neʔiičiƛ 
hear 
he heard it 
č̉iiskmatqeʔi 
č̉iiskmatqa 
making sound of shaman's rattle 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the sound of shaman's rattle 
. 

While doing ritual for whaling, he heard a rattle.

1.1775
naʔaaʔat 
naʔaˑ 
hear 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it was heard 
. 

It could be heard.

1.1776
hiitaaqstisaʔaƛ 
hiitaaqsti 
into the bush 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he went into the bush 
n̉an̉ačmapšiʔaƛ 
n̉an̉ačmapšiƛ 
watch in secret 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
watching in secret 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
hiitaħt̉asqa 
hitaħt̉as 
come out of the woods 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it was coming out of the woods 
naʔaaʔat 
naʔaˑ 
perceive 
-ˀat 
PASS 
it seems 
č̉iiskmatqeʔi 
č̉iiskmatqa 
making sound of shaman's rattle 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the sound of shaman's rattle 
. 

He went into the bush, watching from cover, for the scrape rattling was coming out from the woods.

1.1777
yaaɬ 
yaaɬ 
there 
there 
hitacsuħtis 
hitacsuħtis 
come to beach 
they came to the beach 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
man 
person 
. 

A man came out to the beach.

1.1778
qʷaaweeʔin 
qʷaa 
thus 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
it was like this 
tumiisʔatquu 
tumiˑs 
charcoal 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
had charcoal on it 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
č̉ač̉aat̉aqƛsuɬ 
č̉ač̉aat̉aqƛsuɬ 
have markings around the eyes 
markings around eyes 
. 

He had a stripe as with charcoal here across the eye.

1.1779
waɬaakcaħtačiƛ 
waɬaakcaħtačiƛ 
turn the other way 
he turned around the other way 
yaayaacciiqsaƛ 
yaayaacciiq 
walk along the beach 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
walking along the beach 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
. 

The man went the other way along the beach.
pg. 186 begins below

1.1780
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
n̉aapaƛʔi 
n̉aapi 
moonlight 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the moonlight 
miɬimɬ 
miɬimɬ 
full moon  
it was full (moon) 
. 

The night was lit with a full moon.

1.1781
ʔuucaħtaksa 
ʔuucaħtaksa 
and then 
and then 
yaackʷaỷiiħšiƛ 
yaackʷaỷiiħšiƛ 
go after s.o. 
he went after him 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
. 

He went after the man.

1.1782
waaƛħweʔin 
waaƛ 
then 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
then he was 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ƛawačasʔaƛ 
ƛawačas 
get close behind 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
get close behind 
. 

He got close behind.

1.1783
ʔuuħtaasa 
ʔuuħtaasa 
straight away 
straight away 
sukʷiƛčip 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
he grabbed 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
m̉ačỷakukʔi 
m̉ačỷakʷ 
two-pronged harpoon 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
that which they have as two-pronged harpoon 
ɬitkħin 
ɬitkħin 
jerk away from s.o. 
jerking it away 
. 

Straight away he grabbed the two-pronged spear and jerked it away from him.

1.1784
ʕiħii 
ʕiħii 
Ihii 
Ihii 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
. 

"Ihii", he said.

1.1785
waamitqħweʔinʔaaɬa 
waa 
say 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
they always used to say so 
yaqwiimit 
yaqwiimit 
ancestor 
ancestors 
sukʷiʔaƛquu 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they would take it 
č̉iħšiʔaƛ̉atquu 
č̉iħšiƛ 
s.t. supernatural appears 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when something supernatural appears to them 
čimmisuʔaɬ 
čimmisuʔaɬ 
see source of good fortune 
seeing a source of good fortune 
. 

The people of old used to say that when something supernatural appeared to them, when they saw a source of good fortune.

1.1786
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
it was as though 
t̉apɬšiƛquu 
t̉apɬšiƛ 
blink 
-quu1 
3.CND 
if they blinked 
quuʔasitʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the former person 
wik̉iitšiƛ 
wik̉iitšiƛ 
disappear 
disappeared 
. 

It was as though the person blinked and disappeared.

1.1787
ʔanaqƛn̉ukʷinỷaƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-ˀaqƛn̉uk 
in the hand 
-inỷu 
leave behind 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
only it was left behind in his hand 
m̉ačỷakʔi 
m̉ačỷakʷ 
two-pronged harpoon 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the two-pronged spear 
. 

Only the spear was left behind in his hand.

1.1788
hiɬweeʔin 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
there it was 
ʔaaneʔic̉aƛ 
ʔana 
thus much 
-ʔis 
DIM 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was now short 
ỷaaqitʔi 
ỷaˑq 
long 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one that had been long 
m̉ačỷak 
m̉ačỷakʷ 
sea-mammal spear 
two-pronged harpoon 
. 

The spear that had been long was now short.

1.1789
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
he was named 
saacqimyis 
saacqimyis 
Crawls-over-Bow 
Crawls-over-Bow 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
. 

The man was named Crawls-over-Bow.

1.1790
ʔuuʔiiʔassaƛ 
ʔuʔiiʔas 
go to a place on the ground 
-sasa 
precisely [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he went right to a place on the ground 
wiinapuƛ 
wiinapawiƛ 
stop 
staying there 
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he did not 
waɬšiƛ 
waɬšiƛ 
go home 
go home 
n̉aasšiʔaƛʔitq 
n̉aasšiƛ 
dawn 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when it was the next day 
. 

He went and stayed right in the woods, he did not go home when day came.

1.1791
hiʔiisʔaƛ 
hiʔiis1 
on the ground 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was there on the ground 
muučiiỷas 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-ˀas3 
on ground 
four days on the ground 
hitaaqƛ̉asʔi 
hitaaqƛ̉as 
woods 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the woods 
. 

He stayed there in the woods for four days.

1.1792
neʔiičiʔaƛ 
neʔiičiƛ 
hear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he heard 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
nuukʔii 
nuuk 
song 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the song 
. 

He heard this song.

1.1793
ʔuun̉ak̉uħšiʔaƛ 
ʔuun̉ak̉uħšiƛ 
watch 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he observed 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
t̉amaaqa 
t̉amaa 
sing tama song 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he was singing tama songs 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
quuʔasʔi 
quuʔas 
person 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the man 
yaquʔaɬitʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(y)uʔaɬ 
see 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one whom he had seen 
. 

He took note that the person he had seen was singing tamaa songs.

1.1794
ʔaħkuu 
ʔaħkuu 
thus 
thus 
nuukʔii 
nuuk 
song 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the song 
t̉apỷak 
t̉apỷakʷ 
tama song 
tama song 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
sing 
he sang 
. 

This is the song he was singing.
pg. 187 begins here

1.1795
ʕuuỷičiiɬšiʔaƛ 
ʕuuỷičiiɬšiƛ 
start to make medicine 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he started to make medicine 
. 

The man started to make medicine.

1.1796
muuštaqimɬsap̉aƛ 
muu 
four 
-taqimɬ 
bundle 
-sap 
GRD.CAUS [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he made into four bundles 
yaqʷiipʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iiỷip 
obtain 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which he had obtained 
m̉ačỷak 
m̉ačỷakʷ 
sea-mammal spear 
two-pronged harpoon 
. 

He made four bundles of the two-pronged spear that he had obtained.

1.1797
ʔukʷiisip̉aƛ 
ʔukʷiisip 
put onto tree 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he put it onto trees 
ħumiis 
ħumiis 
red cedar 
red cedar 
ʔaƛc̉iq 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
two 
maƛaasip 
maƛaasip1 
tie onto tree 
tying onto trees 
ʔuħʔiš 
ʔuħʔiš 
and 
and 
ƛatmapt 
ƛatmapt 
Western yew 
Western Yew 
ʔaƛc̉iqƛaa 
CVƛdup- 
REP 
-c̉iq1 
... long objects 
=ƛaa 
also 
also two  
maƛaasip 
maƛaasip1 
tie onto tree 
tying onto trees 
. 

He put it on the trees, tying it onto two cedar and two yew trees.

1.1798
ʔuħweeʔin 
ʔuħ 
is 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
it was so 
huħtak 
huħtakʷ 
know how 
know how 
ʕuʕuỷiʔaaɬuk 
ʕuʕuỷiʔaaɬuk 
take care of medicines 
take care of medicine 
ħumiis 
ħumiis 
red cedar 
red cedar 
ʔeʔinħʔisʔi 
ʔanaħʷ 
small 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the little ones 
ħumiis 
ħumiis 
red cedar 
red cedar 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
ƛatmapt 
ƛatmapt 
Western yew 
Western Yew 
. 

It is said that small cedars and yews know how to look after medicine.

1.1799
qʷisħʔaƛitweʔin 
qʷis 
do thus 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)it 
former 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
it did thus 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʕuuʔaɬačiʔaƛ 
ʕuuʔaɬačiƛ 
be more than 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he would get more 
ʔuumiik 
ʔuumiikʷ 
get a whale 
get whales 
. 

It made him get more whales than before.

1.1800
t̉aʕiħtačišt̉aƛukquuweʔin 
t̉aq1 
in same place 
-ˀiħta 
at the end 
-ačišt 
on the sea 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
his would remain on the end of the spear on the water 
qaħšiƛ 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
die[M] 
hiinaan̉uħsimʔukʔi 
hiinaan̉uħsim 
whaling harpoon 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his whaling harpoon 
. 

His (prey) would stay on the point of his harpoon and die on the water.

1.1801
ʔaniisiɬak 
ʔanasiɬa 
only do 
-ˀak 
POSS 
his would only do 
kikiišħičiƛ 
kikiišħičiƛ 
tremble at the limbs 
tremble 
c̉axšiʔaƛquu 
c̉axšiƛ 
spear 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when he would spear them now 
maaʔak 
maaʔakʷ 
California gray whale 
California whales 
. 

The California whales would just tremble when he speared them.

1.1802
ʔuħiičiʔaƛuk 
ʔuħiičiƛ1 
become 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
it became his 
ʕimtii 
ʕimtii 
name 
name 
č̉isaap 
č̉isaap2 
Black Magic 
Black Magic 
. 

He got the name of Black-Magic.

1.1803
ʔukɬaanuʔaƛ 
ʔukɬaanawiƛ 
be called 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he was called 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
qʷaaqaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it was as though 
č̉ič̉isapqšquu 
č̉ič̉isapqš 
using black magic 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that he was using black magic 
. 

He was called that because it was as though he used black magic.

1.1804
qʷaʔuuktukʷaħ 
qʷaʔuukt 
obtain 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I obtained it 
tupaatiičiƛ 
tupaatiičiƛ 
become a ceremonial privilege 
become a ritual privilege 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
nuukʔii 
nuuk 
song 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the song 
t̉apỷakʔi 
t̉apỷakʷ 
tama song 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
tama song 
. 

Because of this, the tamaa song has become my ritual privilege.

1.1805
ʔuuʔuuʔap̉aƛaħ 
ʔuuʔuuʔup 
inherit from 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I inherited it from 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
n̉ɔɔw̉is 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
father 
naʔuw̉aʔatħitʔi 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
Na'uwa'a people 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
who was of the Na'uuwa tribe 
ʔuuʔuuʔup 
ʔuuʔuuʔup 
inherit from 
inherited from 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
n̉uw̉iiqsakitʔi 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his late father 
naniiqsakitqas 
naniiqsu 
grandparent 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my late grandfather 
. 

This comes to me through my late father, who was of the Na'uwa'a Tribe, through his father, my grandfather.

1.1806
muup̉it̉aƛsi 
muu 
four 
-p̉it3 
... times 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I did so four times 
nuuʔiƛ 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
singing 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
nuukʔii 
nuuk 
song 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the song 
t̉apỷak 
t̉apỷakʷ 
tama song 
tama song 
. 

Four times I sang this tama song.
pg. 188 begins here

1.1807
huuyaaɬʔaƛʔaɬ 
huuyaaɬ 
dance 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔaɬ 
PL 
they were dancing 
siixuuɬmiik 
siixuuɬmiikʷ 
Soreface-Hunter 
Douglas 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
yuuk̉um 
yuuk̉um 
Yuukum 
Yuukum 
. 

Douglas and Yuukum were dancing.

1.1808
hisimɬp̉ičiɬʔaƛ 
hisimɬp̉ič 
go around the base 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they danced around the legs 
k̉aayuupỷakʔi 
k̉aayuupỷakʷ 
swing 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the swing 
. 

They were moving about the posts of the swing.

1.1809
muup̉itšiƛsi 
muup̉it 
four times 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I did four times 
ʔiiqħʔiƛ 
ʔiiqħʔiƛ 
take up the same one 
taking up the same one 
nuuʔiƛ 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
singing 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
t̉apỷakʔi 
t̉apỷakʷ 
tama song 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
tama song 
. 

Four times I took up this same tamaa song.

1.1810
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then 
nuuʔiʔaƛ 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
started singing 
k̉aayuupỷakukqas 
k̉aayuupỷakʷ 
swing 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
swing 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
. 

Then I sang my swing song.

1.1811
|| 
ʔiiyiihi 
hiidaadawidaaya 
ʔaaya 
ʔaya 
many 
many 
ʔaaya 
ʔaya 
many 
many 
hiidaadawidaaya 
hiidaadawidii 
ʕimtšiƛ part 
ʕimtšiƛ part 
the words go 
the words go 
ʔiiyii 
hiidaadawidaaya 
hiidaadawida 
ʔaayaa 
hiidaadawidaa 
hiidaadawidiiyi 
ʔuuχʷamitqawaakš 
čaamaayayit̉ayaaha 
ʔaayaha 
ʔaahayaaha 
haahaayumadaaya 
k̉aak̉ayubada 
hiihihoooo 
muxuustis 
muxuustis 
Muhuustis 
Muhuustis 
teewandim 
ƛeeƛamaquuwis 
||. 

"Iiyiihi", goes the word part, "iiyii. I wish he were your chief, aayaha aahayaaha, he swings from time to time, he swings from time to time, hiihiho!, at Muhuustis and Tewandim and Tletlamakuuwis".

1.1812
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔuum̉aap̉atu 
ʔuum̉aap̉atu 
go so far 
it went thus far 
. 

It went that far.

1.1813
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
k̉aayuupšiʔaƛ 
k̉aayuupšiƛ 
swing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she began swinging 
m̉aam̉iiqsakitqas 
m̉aam̉iiqsu 
older child 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.REL 
the one who was my late eldest child 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
daughter 
ʔuħ 
ʔuħ 
is 
it was she 
huʔin 
huʔin 
take someone's place 
doing in place of 
. 

Then my eldest daughter began swinging, it was she who took (Eva's) place.

1.1814
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then did 
ciqšiʔaƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
spoke now 
. 

Then I spoke.

1.1815
haaʕinʔateʔicuu 
haaʕin 
call out 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)eˑʔicuu 
2p.IND 
you are being called out 
hiɬʔii 
hiɬ 
LOC 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were there 
k̉aayuupỷak 
k̉aayuupỷakʷ 
swing 
swing 
waaʔaƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I said now 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
speaking 
. 

"You people are called by this swing," I said now.
pg. 189 begins here

1.1816
naʔaataħʔi 
naʔaataħ 
listen 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
listen! 
waweeʔitq 
wawaa 
say 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
what it says 
ʕimtʕimta 
ʕimtʕimta 
singing words 
singing the words 
nuukʔii 
nuuk 
song 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the song 
k̉aayuupỷak 
k̉aayuupỷakʷ 
swing 
swing 
waaʔaƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I said now 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
spoke 
. 

"Now listen to what the words of the swing song tell," I said now.

1.1817
hiidaač̉iyaaʔatħ 
hiidaač̉iyaaʔatħ 
Hidachiya tribe 
Hiidaachiyaa Tribe 
ʔukɬaama 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
they are called 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
yaqʷacii 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ac1 
belong to 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
the ones to whom belongs 
nuukʔii 
nuuk 
song 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the song 
. 

The ones to whom the song belongs are called the Hiidaachiyaa Tribe.

1.1818
muuštaqapimtweʔin 
muu 
four 
-taqimɬ 
... group(s) 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they were at four different places 
maʔas 
maʔas 
tribe 
tribe 
hiidaač̉iyaaʔatħ 
hiidaač̉iyaaʔatħ 
Hidachiya tribe 
Hiidaachiyaa people 
. 

The Hidachiya lived at four different places.

1.1819
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did so 
k̉aayuupšiƛ 
k̉aayuupšiƛ 
swing 
began swinging 
. 

They began to swing.

1.1820
ʔuukʷiɬʔaƛ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
refer to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did to 
haaʕin 
haaʕin 
call out 
invite 
ƛaƛuuktaqeʔi 
another 
-taqimɬ 
... group(s) 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the other ones 
maʔas 
maʔas 
tribe 
tribes 
yaaɬʔat 
yaaɬ 
that 
-ˀat 
PASS 
though they were 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
Na'uwa'a people 
Na'uwa'a people 
. 

Although they were of the Na'uwa'a people, they invited the other villages.

1.1821
ʔuħuk 
ʔuħ 
is 
-uk 
POSS 
they were 
ʕimtii 
ʕimtii 
name 
called 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
Na'uwa'a people 
Na'uuwa'ath 
. 

They were called Na'uwa'a.

1.1822
muuštaqimɬʔaƛ 
muu 
four 
-taqimɬ 
... band 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
there were four bands 
ʔaanaħi 
ʔaanaħi 
just 
just 
ʕiiʕimtnakʷis 
DUP- 
PL 
ʕimtaa 
be naming 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
-‘is 
on the beach 
names of different bands 
. 

They were only four bands with different names.

1.1823
muxuustisʔatħ 
muxuustisʔatħ 
Muhuustis tribe 
Muhuustis tribe 
teewadimʔatħ 
teewadimʔatħ 
Tewadim tribe 
Tewadim band 
ƛeeƛamaquwisʔatħ 
ƛeeƛamaquwisʔatħ 
Tletlamakuwis band 
Tletlamakuwis band 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
hiidaač̉iyaaʔatħ 
hiidaač̉iyaaʔatħ 
Hidachiya tribe 
Hiidaachiyaa Tribe 
yaʕaƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
those who did 
k̉aayuupšiƛ 
k̉aayuupšiƛ 
swing 
began swinging 
. 

They were the Muhuustis, Tewadim, Tletlamakuwis and Hiidaachiyaa bands which started swinging.

1.1824
haaʕinʔaƛ 
haaʕin 
invite 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they invited 
ƛaƛuuktaqisukʔi 
ƛaʔuˑ 
other.pl 
-taqimɬ 
bundle 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
other bands of 
ʔukčiʔatħmis 
ʔukčiʔatħmis 
tribesmen 
tribesmen 
. 

They invited their fellow tribesmen of the other bands.

1.1825
ʔuunuuƛma 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
for that reason they do 
wawaaʔak 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀak 
POSS 
the words of the 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʕimtʕimta 
ʕimtʕimta 
singing words 
singing the words 
. 

That is why the words of the song speak of it.

1.1826
huupač̉asʔeetħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
O Huupachas tribe 
waaʔaƛ̉ateʔic 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
it says to you 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
k̉aayuupỷakʔi 
k̉aayuupỷakʷ 
swing 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the swing 
muxtak 
muxtakʷ 
all 
all 
m̉um̉ušʔasʔaaqƛukʷeʔic 
DUP- 
PL 
m̉ušʔas 
close the door 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
yours will be closed 
maamaħt̉i 
maħt̉ii 
house.pl 
houses 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
ʔiiħ 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
big 
w̉aqʔuu 
w̉aqʔuˑ 
go to feast 
coming to a feast 
. 

You Huupachas people, the swing speaks to you, all your houses will be closed because you respond in a big way to the invitation.
pg. 190 begins below

1.1827
c̉išaaʔeetħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
O Tsishaa people 
waaʔaƛ̉ateʔic 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
it is saying to you 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
k̉aayuupỷakʔi 
k̉aayuupỷakʷ 
swing 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the swing 
m̉um̉ušʔasʔaaqƛukʷeʔic 
DUP- 
PL 
m̉ušʔas 
close the door 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
yours will be closed 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
č̉uučk 
č̉uučk 
all 
all 
w̉aqʔuu 
w̉aqʔuˑ 
go to feast 
coming to a feast 
humaqƛ 
humaqƛ 
all together 
all 
c̉aaʔatiikquu 
c̉aaʔatiik 
bathe 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when she will bathe 
muučiiɬšiʔiikquu 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
after it will be four days 
. 

You Tsishaa people, the swing speaks to you, your homes will be closed because everybody in the tribe responds to the invitation for the fourth day when she will bathe.

1.1828
ʔuyaaqƛeʔic 
ʔuyi 
when 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you will do when 
ƛ̉iʕaƛ̉iikquu 
ƛ̉iʕaƛ 
fire a weapon 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it will fire 
saasaqiʔi 
saasaqi 
cannon 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the cannons 
ʔaƛp̉iiɬ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉iˑɬʷ1 
... long objects 
two 
ʔuyaaqƛ̉aƛqa 
ʔuyi 
when 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it will be when 
ƛ̉iʕaƛ 
ƛ̉iʕaƛ 
fire a weapon 
they were fired 
muučiiɬšiʔiikquu 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
after it will be four days 
ƛ̉iisšiʔiikquu 
ƛ̉isšiƛ 
dawn 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it will be dawn 
. 

You will do so when the two cannons fire, at dawn of the fourth day.

1.1829
yaacšiʔaƛ̉i 
yaacšiƛ 
start off 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
start off! 
waaʔaƛ̉atsuk 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-suˑk 
2s.ABS 
they will say to you 
ʔaħʔaaʔaaqƛ̉aƛeʔicuu 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔicuu 
2p.IND 
then you will do so 
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
come 
. 

It will tell you, 'Start out', and you will then come."

1.1830
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
haʔukšiʔaƛ 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began to eat 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
. 

Then the Huupachas and the Tsishaa began to eat.

1.1831
suč̉aqimɬ 
suč̉a 
five 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
five units of 
χaχašk̉uk 
χaχašk̉uk 
crackers 
crackers 
ʔuʔiisʔapsi 
ʔuʔiis 
consume 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I fed them 
. 

I fed them with five boxes of biscuits.

1.1832
hawiiƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
they finished 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
. 

They finished eating.

1.1833
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
w̉aqʔuqkʷačiʔaƛ 
w̉aqʔuqkʷačiƛ 
leave a feast 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they left the feast 
w̉aqʔuqʔataƛ 
w̉aqʔuˑ 
go to feast 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going from the feast 
hawiiʔaƛʔitq 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones had stopped 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
. 

And then the ones who had finished eating departed from the feast.

1.1834
waɬʕaqaƛ 
waɬ 
go home 
-ˀaqa 
several ...-ing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they all went home 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

The Tsishaa and Huupachas people went home.

1.1835
hinasiƛ 
hinasiƛ 
arrive 
it arrived 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
muučiiɬ 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
four days 
. 

The fourth day came.

1.1836
ƛ̉iʕaƛ̉aƛ 
ƛ̉i 
shoot 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
there was the sound of shooting 
saasaqi 
saasaqi 
cannon 
cannons 
ʔaƛp̉iiɬ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-p̉iˑɬʷ1 
... long objects 
two 
. 

The two cannons fired.

1.1837
yaacšiʔaƛ̉i 
yaacšiƛ 
start off 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
start off! 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it said 
. 

"Start out", it meant.

1.1838
hat̉iisʔaƛ 
hat̉iis 
bathe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she bathed 
ʕic̉aatšiƛʔi 
ʕic̉aatšiƛ 
have first menses 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one having first menses 
kuʔaɬ 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
in the morning 
. 

The one having her first menses bathed in the morning.

1.1839
ħayučink̉aƛ 
ħayu 
ten 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she went along together 
ʔeʔiič̉im 
ʔiič̉im 
elder.pl 
old people 
ɬuucsaamiiħ 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
women 
. 

She went with ten old women.

1.1840
yaacšiʔaƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they came 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

The people came.
pg. 191 begins below

1.1841
qʷaaʔaƛ 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did so 
ʔaani 
ʔaani 
really 
really 
č̉uučkiisʔaƛ 
č̉uučkii(c)s 
take all along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they took along all 
t̉aatn̉eʔisukʔi 
t̉an̉eʔis 
little child.pl 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their little children 
ħapiƛ 
ħapiƛ 
all in house 
all in house 
yacpiƛ 
yacpiƛ 
go into house 
they went into the house 
. 

They really seemed to have taken along all their children, and all came into the house.

1.1842
hišimyiɬʔaƛsi 
hišimɬ 
assemble 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I gatthered them in the house 
qʷam̉aaštaqimɬqas 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-taqimɬ 
... group(s) 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
those who were in my family 
. 

I gathered all my relatives in the house.

1.1843
hawiɬyaƛsi 
hawiɬ 
finish 
-yuˑ 
...-ed 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had already done 
huħtak̉aƛ 
huħtakʷ 
study 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
studied 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
. 

I had already learned the song.

1.1844
huɬiiʔiʔaƛsi 
huɬiiʔiƛ 
dance in 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I danced into the house 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
. 

I danced into the house.

1.1845
|| 
yaweeyawe 
ʔidiisaʔak̉iikaχ 
ỷuqʷaaʔuuχšiƛ 
huuɬuuk̉ʷiit 
yawuu 
ʕimtšiƛ part 
ʕimtšiƛ part 
the words go 
the words go 
, 
ʔataaksiisʔat 
ƛuƛuuɬukʷiɬuk̉ʷapχ 
yaɬkuumayiɬiiƛiik 
huɬuumayiɬaƛ 
yawee 
huuɬuuk̉ʷit 
yawuu 
||. 

"Yawe yawe, you wish you were also dancing there, yawuu", go the words, "tho they make their house clean when they are dancing yawe, dancing yawuu".

1.1846
ʔuʔuyaqħʔaƛin 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
sing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we sang 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
huɬiiʔiƛ 
huɬiiʔiƛ 
dance in 
dancing in 
. 

We sang this as we danced in.

1.1847
taakʷačink̉aƛaħ 
takʷa 
only 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I was with only them 
yayaaqʷinkqas 
DUP- 
SUF 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(č,k)inkʷ3 
together with 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
the ones who where with me 
. 

I was with only my relatives.

1.1848
ʔuʔumc̉aƛin 
ʔuʔumc̉u 
entertain 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we were entertaining them 
yaciɬʔaƛʔi 
yac 
walk 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who had come into the house 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
. 

We were entertaining the Huupachas and the Tsishaa people who had come into the house.

1.1849
naʔuw̉aʔatħiic̉aƛƛaa 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
Na'uwa'a people 
-iic 
belong to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
it also belongs to the Na'uuwa 
nuukʔii 
nuuk 
song 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the song 
. 

This song also belonged to the Na'uwa'a people.

1.1850
naʔuw̉aʔatħsnaʕaaɬʔaƛsi 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
Na'uwa'a people 
-(c,k)snaˑʕaɬ 
busy o.s. with [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I am dealing with the Na'uuwa'ath 
ʕiiccawinyuk 
ʕic̉aat 
puberty 
-cawinyuk 
do on account of ... [L] 
for the puberty potlatch 
hiihiisticaƛ 
DUP- 
SUF 
his(t) 
LOC 
-iics 
take ... along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
using those from there 
tuutupaati 
DUP- 
PL 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
ceremonial privileges 
nuuknuuk 
Fulldup- 
PL? 
nuuk 
sing 
songs 
. 

I was making use of the Na'uwa'a Tribe for the puberty potlatch, using ceremonies and songs coming from there.

1.1851
ƛaaʔuuʔaƛsiƛaa 
ƛaʔuˑ 
another 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
=ƛaa 
again 
I took up another one 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
nuuʔiƛ 
nuuʔiƛ 
start singing 
singing 
. 

I took up another song.
pg. 192 begins below

1.1852
|| 
hihiyaaʔoo 
hihiyaaʔoo 
hihiyaaʔoo 
n̉ašiʔiikaanoo 
hihiyaaʔoo 
ħaʔukʷiispiʔaƛ 
čuuwaaʔee 
waninaʔee 
waninaʔuukčipʔaƛ̉is 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
nunuʔuukčip̉aƛ̉is 
nuuk 
nuuk 
song 
song 
čuwaʔii 
hayaaʔeewawuwaaʔee 
naʔaasiiš 
nunukšiiƛʔi 
naʔaasiiʔiš 
nunukšiiƛʔi 
hayaʔii 
nuʔatap̉aƛ 
nuʔatap 
finish singing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finished singing 
; 
yawh 
hu 
huu 
ho 
sound of... 
ʔeyeewhu 
ʔukʷimiiɬik̉inaašqoo 
ƛuuɬiɬiq 
maʔaasyeew 
hu 
huu 
ho 
sound of... 
ʔeyeewhuu 
||. 

"Hihiyaaw hihiyaa'o hihiyaa'o, we will go see, hihyaa'o, we will go see, hihiyaa'o, we will in our turn start up in the house, now then, aninae wani, sing my song, sing my song, now then, hayaa'ewawuwaa'e, I hear the one who starts to sing, I hear the one who starts to sing, hawaa'ii". The song ends.

1.1853
nuʔatap̉aƛ 
nuʔatap 
finish singing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finished singing 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
hisaatap 
hisaatap 
take off 
take it off here 
. 

They finished the song there.

1.1854
|| 
yawayawayaweeʔa 
yaweeʔayawa 
haada 
ʔuukmaayiɬaaƛ̉iis 
huɬuumayiiɬaayiik 
yawayawayawiiy 
||. 

"Yawa yawa yawe'a yawe'a yawa, follow me around the room, I'll be dancing round the room, yawa yawa yawiiy."
"Yawh hu eyewhu, I hope we will be going around on the clean floor of the house, yew hu eyewhiiu."

1.1855
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔuʔuyaqħʔaƛin 
ʔuʔuyaqħ 
sing 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we sang 
nunuuk 
DUP- 
REP 
nuuk 
sing 
singing 
. 

We sang this song.

1.1856
p̉aχpiʔaƛ 
p̉aχpiƛ 
look on in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they looked on intently 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
. 

The Huupachas and Tsishaa looked on in admiration.

1.1857
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then 
ʔiiqħšiʔaƛ 
ʔiiqħšiƛ 
tell 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
told them 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

Then I explained (the song) to the Tsishaa and Huupachas people.

1.1858
č̉uč̉uučkčimaħ 
DUP- 
SUF 
č̉uučk 
all 
-či1 
attached to [RL] 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am attached to all 
ʔunaak 
ʔunaakʷ 
have 
having 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
k̉aayuupỷakʔi 
k̉aayuupỷakʷ 
swing song 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
swing song 
waaʔaƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I said now 
. 

"I am attached to all thru possessing this swing song", I said.

1.1859
naʔuw̉aʔatħiicukʷaħ 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
Na'uwa'a people 
-iic 
belong to 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I have it from the Na'uuwa'ath 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔunaak 
ʔunaakʷ 
have 
having it 
. 

I have it from the Na'uwa'a Tribe.

1.1860
ʔanimyis 
ʔanimyis 
Alone-about-Beach 
Alone-about-Beach 
ʔukɬaama 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he is called 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
yaqʷacʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ac1 
belong to 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
to whom belonged 
. 

The owner's name was Alone-about-Beach.

1.1861
ʔunaak 
ʔunaakʷ 
have 
I have  
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
k̉aayuupỷakʔi 
k̉aayuupỷakʷ 
swing 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the swing 
yaqckʷiiqas 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ckʷiˑ 
former 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I who am descended from 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
Na'uwa'a people 
Na'uuwa'ath 
. 

I, being descended from the Na'uwa'a Tribe, own this swing song.
pg. 193 begins above

1.1862
ɬučħaaʔaƛaħƛaa 
ɬučħaa 
pay bride price 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ƛaa 
again 
I went for marrieage 
ʔucačiƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
going to 
ƛuuʔuwis 
ƛuuʔuwis 
Clo-oose 
Clo-oose 
ʔuħaa 
ʔuħaa 
buy 
buy 
ħisat̉uƛ 
ħisat̉uƛ 
Bleeds-down-Rock 
Bleeds-down-Rock 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
name 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
ħisat̉uƛ 
ħisat̉uƛ 
Bleeds-down-Rock 
Bleeds-down-Rock 
yaqʷħaaqas 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ħaˑ2 
buy 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
REL 
ɬučħaa 
ɬučħaa 
pay bride price 
pay brideprice 
. 

I went for marriage to Clo-oose to purchase the girl named Bleeds-down-Rock, whom I was courting.

1.1863
hist̉atħʔaƛukʷaħƛaa 
his(t) 
LOC 
-ˀatħ1 
live at 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ƛaa 
=again 
mine is also from there 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔunaak 
ʔunaakʷ 
have 
have 
ƛuuʔuwisʔatħ 
ƛuuʔuwisʔatħ 
Clo-oose band 
Clo-oose band 
. 

My (song) was from the Clo-oose band.

1.1864
ʔiiqħuk̉ʷaƛsi 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I told them 
ʔayeʔi 
ʔaya 
many 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the many 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

I told the many people.

1.1865
hiʔiisukʷaħ 
hiʔiis1 
on the ground 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I have mine there 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
ʔapp̉iʕasʔi 
ʔapp̉iʕas 
top of the hill 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
on the top of the hill 
w̉aayi 
w̉aayi 
Waayi (Wouwer) 
Waayi 
waaʔaƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I said now 
. 

"I have my house on the summit of the hill at Waayi," I said now.
56) w̉aayi - 'hill' name of a village site at niitiiinaʔatħ.

1.1866
qicyuuʔaksi 
qicyuu 
painting 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
mine is painted 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
hiiɬp̉iʕas 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-p̉iq(a)2 
at summit 
-ˀas3 
on ground 
on top of 
w̉aayi 
w̉aayi 
Waayi (Wouwer) 
Waayi 
waaʔaƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I said now 
. 

"My house on the top of Waayi was painted," I said.

1.1867
č̉ič̉it̉uqqaksi 
DUP- 
DIST 
č̉it̉uuɬ 
war club 
-qiˑ 
on top 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had a warclub on each end on top 
č̉it̉aaqma 
č̉it̉aaqma 
weatherboard 
weatherboards 
. 

There is a war club on the weather boards at each end.

1.1868
c̉aawayuusciiʕas 
c̉awayuus 
rainbow 
-ciiʕas 
at outside wall [L] 
there is a rainbow on the side of the house 
. 

There is a rainbow on the side of the house.

1.1869
qʷaqʷaħw̉inʔak 
DUP- 
PL 
qʷaħ 
red 
-w̉ana 
in the middle 
-ˀak 
POSS 
it is painted red in the middle 
č̉it̉aaqma 
č̉it̉aaqma 
weatherboard 
weatherboards 
. 

The weather boards are painted red in the middle.

1.1870
ʔunaaksi 
ʔunaakʷ 
have 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I have 
tušuwis 
tušuwis 
whale beach 
whale beach 
. 

I have a whale beach (where whales nose into the sand bottom to get clams).

1.1871
hiisacħaƛ̉atsi 
his(t) 
LOC 
-cħa 
go in connection with [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
he came to me 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ciʕasʔat 
ciʕas 
woo 
-ˀat 
PASS 
talk marriage to you 
p̉aχaakuɬ 
p̉aχaakuɬ 
Astonished-Face 
Astonished-Face 
nanicisim 
nanicisim 
beach-grandfather 
beach-grandfather 
. 

While there, Astonished-face, a beach-grandfather, came to me.

1.1872
nanicisim 
nanicisim 
beach-grandfather 
beach-grandfather 
p̉aχaakuɬ 
p̉aχaakuɬ 
Astonished-Face 
Astonished-Face 
. 

He was a beach-grandfather (person of low degree).

1.1873
ʔuup̉aaʔaƛ 
ʔuup̉aa 
dislike 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he disliked him 
ʔaniicis 
ʔaniicis 
be of low status 
he was of low status 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
nanicisim 
nanicisim 
beach-grandfather 
beach-grandfather 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
nanicisimqa 
nanicisim 
beach-grandfather 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that he was a beach-grandfather 
yaʕatʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
he who was 
ciʕasʔat 
ciʕas 
woo 
-ˀat 
PASS 
talk marriage to you 
. 

Alone-about-Beach did not like him because he was a person of low rank and asking for marriage.

1.1874
puuyaasʔaƛquuweʔin 
puuyaas 
run outside as group 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
they would run out of the house 
ciʕasʔaƛ̉atquu 
ciʕas 
woo 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when he came to woo 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
yayaacpanačšiƛ 
DUP- 
PL 
yaacpanačšiƛ 
start walking about 
they started walking about 
wiwikinksap 
DUP- 
SUF 
wik 
not 
-inkʷ2 
deal with ... [RL] 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
they did not bother with him 
. 

People would run out of the house when he came to them, they went for a walk and did not bother with him.
pg. 194 begins here

1.1875
wikmaʕiiqƛ 
wikmaʕiiqƛ 
not want 
they did not want 
naʔaataħquu 
naʔaataħ 
listen 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that they listen 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
when 
when 
. 

They did not want to listen.

1.1876
t̉apat̉aqstuʔaƛ 
t̉apat̉aqstawiƛ 
think to o.s. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he thought to himself 
p̉aχaakuɬ 
p̉aχaakuɬ 
Astonished-Face 
Astonished-Face 
ciiʕasn̉aħiičiʔaƛʔitqƛaa 
ciʕas 
woo 
-n̉aħi 
intend to [L] 
-iičiƛ 
INC 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
=ƛaa 
again 
when he was going to speak for marriage again 
. 

Astonished-Face thought it over when he was going to speak for marriage.

1.1877
waaỷaqstuʔaƛ 
waaỷaqstawiƛ 
think 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said to himself 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuħtaaʔaaqƛ̉aƛqa 
ʔuħtaa 
towards 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
that he would address 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
qicyuu 
qicyuu 
painting 
painted 
. 

He thought he would address the painted house.

1.1878
ciʕasʔaƛƛaa 
ciʕas 
woo 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
he came to woo 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
. 

He came to woo.

1.1879
puuyaasʔaƛ̉atƛaa 
puuyaas 
run outside as group 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ƛaa 
again 
again they ran out of the house 
qʷaaʔap̉atʔitq 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
which was doing thus 
. 

Again they ran out of the house as usual.

1.1880
naʔaataħʔaƛ̉isim 
naʔaataħ 
listen 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑsim 
2s>1s.FUT.IMPER 
now listen to me 
ƛamee 
ƛama 
housepost 
-ee 
VOC 
you houseposts 
č̉it̉aaqmee 
č̉it̉aaqma 
weatherboard 
-ee 
VOC 
you weatherboards 
nitɔɔp 
nitup 
house beam 
-ee 
VOC 
you beams 
ɬuuksac̉ɔɔs 
ɬuuksac̉us 
platform 
-ee 
VOC 
you platforms 
. 

"Now listen to me, you houseposts, you weather-boards, you beams, you platforms.

1.1881
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
suw̉aaq 
suw̉aaq 
you (sg) 
you 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
. 

You are chiefs.

1.1882
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
ʔuunuuƛ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
because 
qicyuu 
qicyuu 
painting 
painted 
maħt̉ee 
maħt̉ii 
house 
-ee 
VOC 
O house 
. 

That is why you are painted, O house.

1.1883
hiinaan̉uħseem 
hiinaan̉uħsim 
whaling harpoon 
you whaling spear 
ɬukskaapɔɔɬ 
ɬukskaapuɬ 
harpoon lanyard 
you harpoon lanyard 
ʕaaƛyaqan̉ɔɔɬ 
ʕaaƛyaqan̉uɬ 
cedar-branch rope 
you cedar-branch rope 
tukʷaqapeeħ 
tukʷaqimɬ 
float 
floats 
hiceek 
hiceek 
platform 
you bed platform 
ɬuuwaʔiɬeem 
ɬuuwaʔiɬim 
bedside flooring 
you bedside flooring 
ƛ̉imsseec 
cooking-box 
you cooking-boxes 
ƛ̉am̉eeqƛ 
ƛ̉am̉aqƛ 
cooking tongs 
-ee 
VOC 
you cooking tongs 
ħaħaw̉iɬimc̉uỷeek 
DUP- 
PL 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-imc̉u 
entertain [R] 
-ỷakʷ 
tool 
-ee 
VOC 
for entertaining chiefs 
. 

You harpoon, you lanyard, you cedar-branch rope, you bladder-floats, you floor, you beside flooring, you boiling boxes and tongs for feasting the chiefs.

1.1884
ƛuyaỷap̉aƛ̉im 
ƛuyaỷap 
do nicely 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
let yours be happy 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
mind 
mind 
kist̉ee 
kist̉a 
chamber-pot 
-ee 
VOC 
O chamberpot 
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
sukʷiʔatʔaaɬa 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
they always take 
mačqaaɬačiʔaƛquu 
mačqaaɬačiƛ 
get dirty 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it gets dirty 
hiyiqtup 
hihiqtup 
all sorts of things 
all sorts of things 
. 

Let your heart be well-disposed, O chamber-pot, for they take you when everything gets dirty.

1.1885
ƛuyaỷapčip̉aƛ̉im 
ƛuyaỷap 
do nicely 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
make yours happy 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
heart 
heart 
yaqʷaciik 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ac1 
belong to 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
that which belongs to  
ħaw̉iɬiic 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-iic 
belong to 
belongs to chief 
. 

Make the heart of your master well-disposed."

1.1886
tušaakšiʔaƛmaƛaa 
tušaakšiƛ 
be a rascal 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
=ƛaa 
again 
he is a rascal again 
waaʔaaħi 
waa 
say 
-ˀaaħi 
3.PRP.REL 
in that which he says 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
ʔanimyis 
ʔanimyis 
Alone-about-Beach 
Alone-about-Beach 
. 

Chief Alone-about-Beach then said, "He is a rascal again in what he says.
pg. 195 begins here

1.1887
ʔuuħtaasa 
ʔuuħtaasa 
straight away 
straight away 
mačinup̉at 
mačinawup 
bring into house 
-ˀat 
PASS 
he was brought into the house 
p̉aχaakuɬ 
p̉aχaakuɬ 
Astonished-Face 
Astonished-Face 
. 

Straight away he took Astonished-Face into the house.

1.1888
ʔuuħtaasat 
ʔuuħtaasa 
straight away 
-ˀat 
PASS 
at once he did so to him 
ʔiisukʷiʔat 
ʔiisakʷiƛ+fr. var. of 
think highly of 
-ˀat 
PASS 
thought highly of him 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuʔukʷiɬʔatukqa 
ʔuʔukʷiɬ 
mention by name 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-uk 
POSS 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
he had mentioned his by name 
maħt̉iiʔakʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his house 
. 

He respected him because he had mentioned his house.

1.1889
ʔuk̉ʷičiip̉aƛ 
ʔuk̉ʷičiip 
obtain as dowry 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she then obtained as dowry 
tušuwisʔi 
tušuwis 
whale's clam-bed 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the whale's clam-bed 
tutušuwisʔaqs 
tutušuwisʔaqs 
Whale-beach-Woman 
Whale-beach-Woman 
ʔukɬaa 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
was called 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
yaqʷħeeʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ħaˑ2 
buy 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the one who was being courted 
p̉aχaakuɬ 
p̉aχaakuɬ 
Astonished-Face 
Astonished-Face 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
young woman 
. 

Whale-beach-Woman, the young girl whom Astonished-Face was courting, got the whale clam beach as her dowry.

1.1890
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷactaaʔak̉aƛma 
qʷactaaʔakʷ 
originate from 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
from that they are 
kʷaciʔiištaqimɬ 
kʷacʔiištaqimɬ 
Backward Band 
Backward Band 
ʔuʔukʷiɬʔaƛ̉at 
ʔuʔukʷiɬ 
mention by name 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
called by name 
. 

From that they are called the Backward Band.

1.1891
kaaʔuucšiʔaƛuk 
kaaʔuucšiƛ 
become a grandchild 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
he got a grandchild 
p̉aχiʔii 
p̉aχiʔii 
Astonished-One 
Astonished-One 
kaaʔucisimčiʔaƛ 
kaaʔucisimčiƛ 
become a beach grandchild 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he became a beach-grandchild 
nanicisimỷiħtaqšiƛ 
nanicisim 
beach-grandfather 
-ỷiħtaqak 
originate from... 
originating from a beach-grandfather 
. 

Astonished-Face got a grandchild, Astonished, who was a beach-grandchild (of high degree) from a beach-grandfather.

1.1892
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
wawaaʔaƛaħ 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I said to them 
ʔiiqħuk̉ʷaƛ 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
telling them 
hišimyiɬʔaƛʔitq 
hišimɬ 
assemble 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
those who were assembled in the house 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
qʷackʷii 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ckʷiˑ 
having ...-ed 
descended thus 
. 

That is what I told the assembled people, that I was of that descent.

1.1893
hašiičiʔaƛ̉aanitweʔisi 
hašiičiƛ 
find out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-(m)it 
former 
-waˑʔisi 
1s.QT 
they heard that 
niitiinaʔatħ 
niitiinaʔatħ 
Ditidaht people 
Ditidaht people 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
qaaquuɬcaqaqas 
qaaquuɬcaqa 
belittle s.o. 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I was belittling them 
kʷaciʔiištaqimɬ 
kʷacʔiištaqimɬ 
Backward Band 
Backward Band 
. 

The Ditidaht heard that I was calling the Backward Band slaves.

1.1894
ʔuħʔaƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it was he 
ʔiiqħuk 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
told me 
qaɬaatikukʷitʔi 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the late younger brother of 
kʷaacaapi 
kʷaacaapi 
Facing-back 
Captain Bill 
. 

The late younger brother of Captain Bill told me about it.

1.1895
ʔuħʔaƛ̉atsi 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I was done to by 
ʔiiqħuk̉ʷat 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
-ˀat 
PASS 
told 
katqcaas 
qatqcaas 
Lopped-Hand 
Lopped-Hand 
ʔukɬaaʔukitqas 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
mine who was called 
qaɬaatik 
qaɬaatik 
younger brother 
younger brother 
. 

It was my younger brother, named Lopped-Hand, who told me.

1.1896
waaʔaƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I said now 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
wikitqas 
wik 
not 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I did not 
qaaquuɬcaqa 
qaaquuɬcaqa 
belittle s.o. 
belittle them 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
ʔiiqħukʷit 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
-(m)it 
PAST 
told them 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
siỷaasqas 
siỷaas 
mine 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
that it is mine 
hiniiʔasỷukšiƛ 
hiniiʔasỷukšiƛ 
be descended from branch of family 
born by going outside 
kʷaciʔiištaqimɬ 
kʷacʔiištaqimɬ 
Backward Band 
Backward Band 
. 

I said I had not belittled them, that I had told them that my Backward Band was born of going outside.
pg. 196 begins here

1.1897
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔuum̉inƛaħ 
ʔuum̉aanawiƛ 
go so far 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I went that far 
ciiqciiqa 
ciiqciiqa 
speaking 
talking 
ʔiiqħuk 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
telling 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

I went that far in talking to the Tsishaa and Huupachas people.

1.1898
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛsi 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then 
wikʕaƛšiʔaƛ 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
be silent 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
became silent 
. 

Then I was silent.

1.1899
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
haʔukšiʔaƛ 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began to eat 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

Then the people began to eat.

1.1900
ħayuqumỷisʔapsi 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-ˀiˑs1 
eat 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I then fed them ten containers of 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
box 
boxes 
χaχašk̉uk 
χaχašk̉uk 
crackers 
crackers 
. 

I fed them with ten boxes of biscuits.

1.1901
n̉uššiʔaƛsi 
n̉uššiƛ 
distribute property 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I distributed property 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
n̉uupqimɬan̉uup̉aƛ 
n̉up 
one 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-aˑn̉awup 
all along ... [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
I did one dollar to them 
humaqƛčinup̉aƛ 
humaqƛ 
all together 
-činawup 
put into a container 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
doing to all of them together 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

I gave away a dollar to each of the Tsishaa and Huupachas people.

1.1902
hat̉inqp̉uuƛeʔic 
hat̉inqp̉awiƛ 
pay for bathing 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you are being paid for bathing 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
wawaaʔaƛ 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
n̉ušeeʔi 
n̉ušaa 
distributing property 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one distributing gifts 
. 

The one who passed out the gifts said, "You are paid for bathing".

1.1903
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she also did now 
ħeeč̉is 
ħeeč̉is 
Hachaa-Woman 
Mrs. Tom Sayachapis 
ʔuuʔakʷačiʔaƛ 
ʔuʔakʷačiƛ1 
give away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she gave away 
qicaaɬ 
qicaaɬ 
calico 
calico 
kiƛuuk 
kiƛuuk 
dish 
dishes 
. 

Mrs. Tom also gave away calico and dishes.

1.1904
ỷuuqʷaaʔaƛ 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she also did now 
ħaakʷaaƛukʷitqas 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my late daughter 
ʔuuʔakʷačiʔaƛ 
ʔuʔakʷačiƛ1 
give away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she gave away 
suup 
suup1 
soap 
soap 
n̉ip̉at̉u 
n̉ip̉at̉u 
thread 
thread 
qicaaɬ 
qicaaɬ 
calico 
calico 
kiƛuuk 
kiƛuuk 
dish 
dishes 
. 

My late daughter gave soap, thread, calico and dishes.

1.1905
ciqšiʔaƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he spoke now 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
taayiiʔakitʔitqak 
taayii 
older brother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
your late older brother 
yuχʷaayic̉a 
yuχʷaayic̉a 
Tyee Bob 
Tyee Bob 
n̉uw̉iiqsakit 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
his late father 
kaanaawiš 
kaanaawiš 
Kanawish 
Kanawish 
. 

Then Kaanaawish, the late father of Tyee Bob, your late older brother (cousin) spoke.

1.1906
ʔayaỷaƛeʔic 
ʔaya 
many 
-aỷaɬ 
towards [RL] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
many are doing so to you now 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
waaʔaƛ̉atsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I was told by him 
. 

"Many are bothering you, Chief", he told me.

1.1907
qʷaaʔaƛeʔic 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you are like 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷaaʔap̉atʔitqʔaaɬa 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
how are always done to by them 
ʕiniiƛ 
ʕiniiƛ 
dog 
dog 
m̉am̉apaɬaƛ̉atquu 
m̉am̉apaɬ 
several bite at one 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when many are biting it 
ɬaakʷiỷin 
ɬaakʷiỷin 
abuse s.o. 
abusing 
. 

"You are as though worried and bitten by many dogs.
pg. 197 begins here

1.1908
ʔuỷaaʔaƛeʔic 
ʔuỷaa 
be bothered by 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you are bothered by 
ħaħaw̉iɬakʔitqak 
ħaħaw̉iɬi 
prosperity 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
your great wealth 
ʔayaỷa 
ʔaya 
many 
-ỷaˑ 
be troubled by... 
many bothering 
. 

You are bothered by your great wealth, bothered by many.

1.1909
wiikiɬʔaƛeʔic 
wik 
not 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you do not do 
t̉it̉uusa 
t̉it̉uusa 
slip out of one's hand 
let slip from your hand 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
t̉it̉uusaʔaaɬa 
t̉it̉uusa 
slip out of one's hand 
=ʔaaɬa 
=always 
always drop things 
yaquusi 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(w)uusi 
3.Rel.Dub 
who might be 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chiefs 
. 

You do not drop anything from your hands, as chiefs always drop things.

1.1910
ʔanik 
ʔanik 
that you 
that you 
suupaƛƛaa 
suupi 
catch in mid-air 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
catching 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʕicnaakšiƛmisukʔitqak 
ʕicnaakšiƛmis 
puberty ceremony 
-uk 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
your puberty ceremony 
yaqiik 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
the one who will be 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
. 

You have again caught up your puberty ceremony as a chief.

1.1911
m̉ickʷaaʔaƛaħ 
m̉ickʷ 
marvel at 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I admire it 
. 

I admire it.

1.1912
wim̉aaqƛ̉aƛeʔic 
wim̉aaqƛ 
cannot 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you cannot be 
ʔuušħʔatquuk 
ʔuuš 
some 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
you might be done to by someone 
miiɬħičiƛʔaaqƛ̉at 
miiɬħičiƛ 
be the same as 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀat 
PASS 
be equaled 
. 

It is impossible for anyone to equal you.

1.1913
nii 
nii 
see! 
see! 
caqiicčiɬšiƛaħƛaa 
caqiˑc 
twenty 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ƛaa 
also 
I also did so for twenty days 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eating 
ƛuukʷaaneʔitqakƛaa 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
=ƛaa 
again 
you give a Wolf Ritual 
. 

Look, I also ate your food for twenty days when you gave the Wolf Ritual.

1.1914
ƛaħʔuyi 
ƛaħʔuyi 
recently 
recently 
wikỷuu 
wikỷuu 
not yet 
it had not yet 
n̉upqimɬšiƛ 
n̉up 
one 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
be one unit 
hupaɬ 
hupaɬ 
month 
month 
. 

Now it had not yet been one month.

1.1915
nii 
nii 
see! 
see! 
ʔatasiš 
ʔatasiš 
1s.CONTR 
nevertheless I now do 
ħayuqumɬaħuʔiɬʔaƛƛaa 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-aˑħawiɬ 
in front of 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
I now have in front of me ten containers 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
box 
boxes 
χaχašk̉uk 
χaχašk̉uk 
crackers 
crackers 
ƛaħʔuyi 
ƛaħʔuyi 
recently 
recently 
. 

See, in spite of that, I now again have before me ten boxes of biscuits.

1.1916
wiiksinħap̉aƛħak 
wiksinħap 
forbid 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
do you want to forbid me 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
čaawiʕasquus 
čaawiq 
sulking 
-ˀas3 
on ground 
-quus 
1s.CND 
that I sulk on the ground 
hiʔiis 
hiʔiis1 
on the ground 
there on the ground 
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
yaqiis 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
I who am  
ʔiič̉im 
ʔiič̉im 
old 
old (one) 
. 

Do you want to forbid me to sit moping on the ground, I who am old?

1.1917
čukʷaa 
čukʷaa 
come! 
come! 
qaħšeek 
qaħšiik 
friend 
friend 
haʔuk̉ʷeeʔic 
haʔuk 
eat 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
eat 
waaʔaƛħak 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ħaˑk 
2s.INTERR 
did you say? 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
yaqiis 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
I who am  
ʔiič̉im 
ʔiič̉im 
old 
old (one) 
. 

Aren't you saying to me, who am old, 'Come eat, good fellow'?

1.1918
wikħaas 
wik 
not 
-ħaˑs 
1s. INTERR 
won't I do? 
ʔaniic̉isʔaaqƛ 
ʔanic 
thus 
-ˀiˑs1 
eat 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
will eat thus 
suw̉a 
suw̉a 
you (sg) 
you 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔaanaƛii 
ʔana 
thus much 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(y)ii 
3.INDF-REL 
that which is all this 
c̉uʔičħ 
c̉uʔičħ 
winter 
winter 
. 

Will I eat nothing but your food all winter?

1.1919
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
n̉uw̉iiqsaƛeʔic 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you are the father now 
niiw̉aas 
niiw̉aas 
ours 
of us 
yaqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
that we are 
ʔeʔiič̉im 
ʔiič̉im 
elder.pl 
old people 
yaqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
that we are 
ỷimt̉aaƛ 
ỷimt̉a 
be unable to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
be unable to 
ʔun̉aaħ 
ʔun̉aaħ 
look for 
look for 
qʷiʔiisʔaaħin 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-ˀiˑs1 
eat 
-aaħin 
deprive of... 
deprived of eating 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
. 

Well, you are now our father, all of us old people, all of us who cannot look for food.
pg. 198 begins above

1.1920
huʔasiɬaƛni 
huʔasiɬa 
do again 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we now do again 
qʷaamitqin 
qʷaa 
thus 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qin 
1p.REL 
we were like 
t̉aatn̉eʔisqin 
t̉an̉eʔis 
little child.pl 
-qin 
1p.REL 
we were children 
wikmaqšiʔaƛƛaa 
wikmaqšiƛ 
be weak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
becoming weak 
ỷimt̉iičiʔaƛ 
ỷimt̉iičiƛ 
become unable to  
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
become unable 
ʔuušsaħap 
ʔuušsaħap 
do something 
do anything 
. 

We have again become like children, feeble and unable to do anything.

1.1921
kʷatyiikšiʔaƛni 
kʷatyikšiƛ 
get heavy 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we have gotten heavy 
qʷaačiɬʔaƛiik 
qʷaa 
thus 
-iɬ1 
refer to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(y)iik 
2s.INDF.REL 
to which now you 
ʔuʔaɬuk̉ʷaƛ 
ʔuuʔaaɬuk 
take care of 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
take care of 
. 

We have become a weight on you to look after.

1.1922
qʷaaʔaƛ 
qʷaa 
thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
just as 
n̉uw̉iiqsaƛquuk 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quuk 
2s.CND 
you are a father 
. 

You are like a father."

1.1923
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔuum̉aanuʔaƛma 
ʔuum̉aanawiƛ 
go so far 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he went that far now 
ciiqciiqa 
ciiqciiqa 
speaking 
talking 
ʕaaʕaatiqa 
ʕaaʕaatiqa 
be thanking 
thanking 
kaanaawiš 
kaanaawiš 
Kanawish 
Kanawish 
. 

Kaanawish went that far in speaking thanks.

1.1924
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
w̉aqʔuqkʷačiʔaƛ 
w̉aqʔuqkʷačiƛ 
leave a feast 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they left the feast 
. 

Then they dispersed from the feast.

1.1925
ʔuunuuƛaħ 
ʔunw̉iiƛ 
because 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I have done so because 
hinaɬaʔap 
hinaɬaʔap 
participate in 
put on 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ʔuuyiyasimtqa 
ʔu 
REF 
-(y)iya 
at ... time 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
it was at the time when 
qʷiyiqas 
qʷiyii 
when 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
when I  
ƛuukʷatqcaqa 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
-caˑqa2 
pay attention 
prepare for a Wolf Ritual 
. 

The reason I added that is that it happened at the time when I gave the Wolf Ritual.

1.1926
kʷisqʔičħšiʔaƛƛaa 
kʷisqʔičħšiƛ 
the next year 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again the next year  
huʔaasʔaƛƛaa 
huʔaas 
once again 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
it did so once again 
c̉uʔičħšiƛ 
c̉uʔičħšiƛ 
become winter 
become winter 
. 

The winter of the following year came.

1.1927
hinasiʔaƛƛaa 
hinasiƛ 
arrive 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
it again arrived then 
qʷiyiyimtqas 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-(y)iya 
at ... time 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
the time when I did so 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

The time again came when I had given the Wolf Ritual.

1.1928
ƛ̉iiʔiɬʔaƛsi 
ƛ̉iiʔiɬ 
feast 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I gave a feast 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔaaniiƛ 
ʔana 
only 
-ˀiƛ 
invite [L] 
inviting only 
čaakupiiħ 
čakup 
man.pl 
men 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
yatyaaqʷacʔitq 
CVt- 
PL 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ac1 
belong to 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones to whom they belonged 
t̉aatn̉a 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
children 
hitac̉uɬ 
hitac̉uɬ1 
novice 
novices 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
. 

I gave a feast, invited only the men and the parents of the children novices taking part in the Wolf Ritual.

1.1929
ʔaatħiỷaƛsi 
ʔatħii 
night 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I did at night 
ƛ̉iiʔiɬ 
ƛ̉iiʔiɬ 
feast 
giving a feast 
hišimỷuuƛ 
hišimỷawiƛ 
assemble 
bringing them together 
. 

I gathered them together in the feast at night.

1.1930
waaʔaƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I said now 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
qʷisʔaaqƛ̉aƛ 
qʷis 
do thus 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
would do thus 
qʷaħtinameʔitq 
qʷaħtinama 
ceremony 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which is the ceremony 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
huʔacst̉uupʔaaqƛ̉aƛ 
huʔacst̉uup 
put back screen 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
putting back up the screen 
. 

I said I would do the ceremony, that I would put up the screen again.
pg. 199 begins below

1.1931
waaʔaƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I said now 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
sacsuħtisʔaaqƛ 
sacsuħtis 
come out of woods onto beach 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
they would come out of the woods onto the beach 
muuqumɬ 
muu 
four 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
four 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
tuupšiʔiikquu 
tuupšiƛ 
evening 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it will be evening 
. 

I said that four wolves would come out to the beach at night.

1.1932
waaɬčuuqħʔaƛ 
waaɬ 
say 
-čuˑ 
having ...-ed 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
having been told so 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
w̉aqʔuqkʷačiʔaƛ 
w̉aqʔuqkʷačiƛ 
leave a feast 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they left the feast 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
ʔanis 
ʔanis 
1s.SUB 
that I 
hašiiỷap̉aƛqas 
hašiiỷap 
notify 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
I notified them 
. 

When they were told, the people dispersed from the feast, for I had notified them.

1.1933
sacsuħtisʔaƛ 
sacsuħtis 
come out of woods onto beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they came out of the woods onto the beach 
ʔaani 
ʔaani 
really 
really 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
tuupšiʔaƛʔitq 
tuupšiƛ 
evening 
-L 
ITER 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when it began to get dark 
ʔam̉iičiʔaƛʔitq 
ʔam̉iičiƛ 
be next morning 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when it was the next day 
. 

Sure enough the wolves crawled out to the beach in the evening of the next day.

1.1934
n̉iƛkʷaqšiʔaƛƛaa 
n̉iƛkʷaqšiƛ 
be in uproar 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they were all excited 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
. 

The Tsishaa people were all excited again.

1.1935
qʷiisasa 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-sasa 
only [L] 
they only did so 
n̉up̉itsuħtis 
n̉up̉it 
once 
-suħtis 
come onto beach 
came out once onto the beach 
tum̉aqstuʔaƛ 
tum̉aqstawiƛ 
get dark 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it got dark 
ʔaatħšiʔaƛ 
ʔaatħšiƛ 
become night 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
night fell 
. 

They only came out once when the night got dark.

1.1936
hišimỷawiʔaƛ 
hišimỷawiƛ 
assemble 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they gathered 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷam̉aac̉uɬʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-c̉uˑɬ 
... initiate in Wolf Ritual 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all who were novices 
. 

All the novices assembled.

1.1937
n̉upqimɬčinuʔaƛ 
n̉upqimɬčinawiƛ 
assemble in one house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they assembled in one (house) 
maħt̉iiʔakitqas 
maħt̉ii 
house 
-ˀak 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
which was my house 
. 

They went into one house, which was mine.

1.1938
huħšiʔaƛ 
huħšiƛ 
howl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they howled 
qʷayac̉iik 
qʷayac̉iikʷ 
wolf 
wolves 
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
here 
here 
hitaaqƛ̉asʔi 
hitaaqƛ̉as 
woods 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the woods 
. 

The wolves howled in the woods.

1.1939
ħiiqšiʔaƛ 
ħiiqšiƛ 
growl 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they growled 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
č̉uučkʕaƛ̉aƛ 
č̉uučk 
all 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all making the sound 
qʷam̉aac̉uɬʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-c̉uˑɬ 
... initiate in Wolf Ritual 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all who were novices 
. 

Then all the novices made a growling sound.

1.1940
hiniiʔasʔaƛ 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went outside 
ħiiqaaqčik̉aƛ 
ħiiqaa 
be growling 
-q(s/ħ)čik(ʷ)1 
go along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
growling as they went along 
. 

They went outside growling as they went along.

1.1941
hisiikciiʕasʔaƛ 
hiisiikciiʕas 
go along the outside wall of house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went along the side of the house 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
. 

They went along the side of the house.

1.1942
ʔanasiɬa 
ʔanasiɬa 
only do 
they only did so 
ħaciiɬšiƛ 
ħaciiɬšiƛ 
go to the end 
going to the end of the village 
maʔasʔi 
maʔas 
village 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the village 
. 

They only went to the end of the village.

1.1943
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
huʔiiʔiʔaƛ 
huʔiiʔiƛ 
re-enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they re-enter the house 
mačinuʔaƛ 
mačinawiƛ 
enter house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they entered the house 
maħt̉iiʔi 
maħt̉ii 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
. 

They went back into the house.

1.1944
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
yacmeeʔiʔaƛ 
yacmeeʔiƛ 
go about the village 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went about the village 
. 

Then (inviters) went about the village.

1.1945
yaacšiʔaƛ̉i 
yaacšiƛ 
start off 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
start off! 
yaacšiʔaƛ̉i 
yaacšiƛ 
start off 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
start off! 
wawaaʔaƛ 
wawaa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they said 
. 

"Set out now, set out", they said.

1.1946
sukʷiƛ̉asʔaƛ̉at 
sukʷiƛ̉as 
go to get 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they went to get 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

They went to invite the Huupachas Tribe.
pg. 200 begins here

1.1947
ħapiƛ 
ħapiƛ 
all in house 
all in house 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

All the people got into the house.

1.1948
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
t̉iickšiʔaƛ 
t̉iickšiƛ 
drum 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started drumming 
. 

Then they began drumming.

1.1949
qʷiisasaƛƛaa 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-sasa 
just [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
it was just like 
qʷaamitʔitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when they had done so 
ʔam̉ac̉upiƛʔitq 
ʔam̉a 
soon 
-c̉upiƛ1 
do in the middle of the floor 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when they first became novices 
. 

It was just like when they first became novices.

1.1950
ʔuħʔaƛukƛaa 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
=ƛaa 
again 
they again had 
c̉iiqỷak 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant 
chants 
. 

They again had chants.

1.1951
p̉ačiʔaƛ 
p̉ačiƛ 
give gift at potlatch 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they gave potlatch gifts to 
qʷam̉aac̉uɬitʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-c̉uˑɬ 
... initiate in Wolf Ritual 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all the ones who were initiates 
muxttuup̉aƛuk 
muxttuup 
all kinds of things 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
all kinds of things 
hiyiiqtup 
hiyiqtup 
everything 
various things 
qʷišaa 
qʷišaa 
tobacco 
tobacco 
siʔiɬ 
siʔiɬ 
matchstick 
matchsticks 
. 

All who had been novices made presents of all kinds of things, including tobacco and matches.

1.1952
p̉aaƛp̉iičiʔaƛ 
p̉aaƛp̉iičiƛ 
give potlatch gifts 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started giving 
qʷiqqʷiq 
DUP- 
PL 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
various things 
t̉unaax ɬiħaɬ 
t̉unaax ɬiħaɬ 
reed mat 
reed mats 
ƛ̉aχaas 
ƛ̉aχaas 
plates 
plates 
qicaaɬ 
qicaaɬ 
calico 
calico 
. 

They started presenting various things, including reed mats, plates, calico.

1.1953
ħaačatuwaƛ 
ħaačatuwa 
all do together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all do together 
p̉aaƛp̉aaya 
p̉aaƛp̉aaya 
giving a potlatch 
giving a potlatch 
qʷam̉aac̉uɬitʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-c̉uˑɬ 
... initiate in Wolf Ritual 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all the ones who were initiates 
. 

All who had been novices were giving a potlatch together.

1.1954
t̉ickaaʔaƛƛaa 
t̉ickaa 
drum 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
there was drumming 
sač̉iyasʔaƛ 
sač̉iyas 
all the time 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all the time 
t̉ickaa 
t̉ickaa 
drum 
drumming 
qʷaamitʔitq 
qʷaa 
thus 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which they had done so 
ʔeʔimʔitq 
ʔeʔim 
at first 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
at first  
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
perform Wolf Ritual 
performing the Wolf Ritual 
kʷisqʔičħitʔi 
kʷisqʔičħ 
previous year 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the previous year 
. 

There was constant drumming as before when they had first been initiated the year before.

1.1955
ʔuuʔakʷačiʔaƛ 
ʔuʔakʷačiƛ1 
give away 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she gave away 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ħeeč̉is 
ħeeč̉is 
Hachaa-Woman 
Mrs. Tom 
kiƛuuk 
kiƛuuk 
dish 
dishes 
qicaaɬ 
qicaaɬ 
calico 
calico 
miɬaak 
miɬakʷ 
together with 
along with 
ħaakʷaaƛukʷitʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
her late daughter 
. 

Then Mrs. Tom, too, along with her daughter, gave away dishes and calico.

1.1956
ʔuuc̉aƛ 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it belonged to 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
n̉un̉uuw̉iqsu 
DUP- 
PL 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
fathers 
yayaaqc̉uɬʔitq 
DUP- 
PL 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-c̉uˑɬ 
... initiate in Wolf Ritual 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were initiates in the Wolf Ritual 
. 

The food belonged to the fathers of the novices.

1.1957
n̉un̉upqimɬuk 
DUP- 
DIST 
n̉up 
one 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-uk 
POSS 
each had one 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
box 
box 
χaχašk̉uk 
χaχašk̉uk 
crackers 
crackers 
. 

Each had provided one box of biscuits.

1.1958
ħayuqumɬšiƛ 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
there were ten units 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
box 
boxes 
. 

There were ten boxes.

1.1959
yaʕiisʔaaqƛ̉aƛʔitq 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀiˑs1 
eat 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
it was intended for eating 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
hawiiʔiikquu 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they would finish 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing secret chants 
p̉aaƛp̉aaya 
p̉aaƛp̉aaya 
giving a potlatch 
giving gifts 
. 

It was to eat when they finished chanting and giving out presents.
pg. 201 begins below

1.1960
ʔanicšiƛqa 
ʔanicšiƛ 
do thus 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they did thus 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing secret chants 
ʔanicšiƛʔitq 
ʔanicšiƛ 
do thus 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who do so 
p̉aaƛp̉aaya 
p̉aaƛp̉aaya 
giving a potlatch 
giving a potlatch 
. 

The ones who were giving out presents were all the while chanting.

1.1961
wikʕaƛšiʔaƛ 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
be silent 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they became silent 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
hawiiʔaƛʔitq 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones had stopped 
p̉aaƛp̉aaya 
p̉aaƛp̉aaya 
giving a potlatch 
giving a potlatch 
. 

The ones who had finished giving presents then became silent.

1.1962
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
haʔukšiʔaƛ 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began to eat 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
. 

Then they began to eat the food.

1.1963
ħayuqumỷisʔaƛ 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-‘is 
on the beach 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they ate ten units 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
ƛ̉aħiqs 
box 
boxes 
χaχašk̉uk 
χaχašk̉uk 
crackers 
crackers 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

The people ate ten boxes of biscuits.

1.1964
ʔuuc̉aƛ 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it belongs to 
χaχašk̉ukʔi 
χaχašk̉uk 
crackers 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the biscuits 
ħayuqʷimɬ 
ħayu 
ten 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
there are ten things 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
hitac̉uɬm̉inħukʔi 
hitac̉uɬ1 
novice 
-m̉inħ 
PL 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones whose were novices 
t̉aatn̉eʔis 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
little children 
ħayuuc 
ħayu 
ten 
-iic 
belong to 
belonging to the ten 
. 

The biscuits belonged to the parents of the ten novices.

1.1965
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
w̉aqʔuqkʷačiʔaƛ 
w̉aqʔuqkʷačiƛ 
leave a feast 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they left the feast 
hawiiʔaƛʔitq 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who had finished 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
. 

When they finished eating, the feast broke up.

1.1966
t̉at̉awak̉aƛ 
DUP- 
DIST 
t̉awaˑkʷ 
overloaded 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
each was loaded with 
p̉atquk 
p̉atquk 
goods 
goods 
. 

Each was loaded down with things.

1.1967
kuʔaɬħʔaƛ̉im 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
do so in the morning! 
yaacšiƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
go 
kuʔaɬik 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
-(y)ik 
IRR.FUT 
tomorrow morning 
waaʔap̉aƛsi 
waa 
say 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had him say now 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
n̉ačaʔuuʔat 
Looks-behind 
Big Joe 
. 

I had Big Joe say, "Start out in the morning".

1.1968
ʔaanaaƛ 
ʔaana 
really 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they really did so 
qʷisʔaƛ 
qʷis 
do thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
just as  
kuʔaɬħʔaƛ 
kuʔaɬ 
in the morning 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
in the morning 
yaacšiƛ 
yaacšiƛ 
go 
they went 
ʔaam̉iičiʔaƛʔitq 
ʔam̉iičiƛ 
be next morning 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when it was the next morning 
. 

They really did start out the next morning.

1.1969
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
t̉iickšiʔaƛƛaa 
t̉iickšiƛ 
drum 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
=again 
they again started drumming 
humaqƛpiʔaƛʔitq 
humaqƛpiƛ 
all enter the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when the ones had all entered the house 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
huupač̉asʔatħ 
Huupachas people 
Huupachas tribe 
. 

The drumming began again when all the Tsishaa and Huupachas had entered the house.

1.1970
ʔiinaxiičiʔaƛ 
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
dress up 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they dressed up for 
ʔuušin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
imitative dances 
. 

They put on regalia for imitative dances.

1.1971
hiiɬasaqħaƛ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-sasa 
just [L] 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did so right inside 
ʔiiħukʷitqas 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qaˑs 
1s.SUB 
my former big one 
maħt̉ii 
maħt̉ii 
house 
house 
. 

They did it right there in my former big house.

1.1972
wik̉aƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did not 
hiniiʔas 
hiniiʔas 
go out 
go outside 
ħiħimt̉aaħʔaƛ 
DUP- 
PL 
ħim 
show 
-ˀaaħ 
IRR 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
showing it off 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
humaqƛiɬʔaƛqa 
humaqƛ 
all together 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
since all were together in the house 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
mačiiɬ 
mačiiɬ 
be in house 
be in house 
. 

They did not go outside to show it off, because all the people were together inside.
pg. 202 begins here

1.1973
hiiɬʔaƛ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
there now 
ɬicapiɬʔaƛ 
ɬiicsapi 
screen 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they put up a screen in the house 
hiiɬsʔatuʔi 
hiiɬsʔatu 
at the door 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
at the door 
hiisaacsuħtapiiɬʔaƛʔitq 
hiisaacsuħtupiiɬ 
come out in turn 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
from behind which they all came out in turn 
hiitacsuħtinɬ 
hiitacsuħtinɬ 
emerge in turn 
emerge in turns 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dances 
. 

There was a screen set up at the door end, from behind which they appeared to dance.

1.1974
ħačatc̉upiƛ 
ħačatc̉upiƛ 
all come out on the floor 
all come out on the floor 
hiitac̉upiƛ 
hitac̉upiƛ 
bring to centre of room 
brought to the centre of the room 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual member 
Wolf Ritual members 
. 

All the Wolf Ritual members all came out in the middle of the room.

1.1975
niisħʔaƛuk 
niis 
put on a fire 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
it was put on the fire 
tii 
tii1 
tea 
tea 
. 

Pots of tea were set on the fire.

1.1976
ʔunaakitaħʔaaɬa 
ʔunaakʷ 
have 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
I always had 
saač̉ink 
saač̉inkʷ 
always 
always 
ʔeʔiħaqʔi 
DUP- 
PL 
ʔiiħʷ 
big 
-aq 
very 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the really big ones 
niisỷak 
niisỷakʷ 
cauldron 
pots 
ʔumat̉uu 
ʔumat̉uu 
lest 
lest 
ʔaak̉uuƛquus 
ʔaak̉ʷawiƛ 
borrow 
-quus 
1s.CND 
I might have to borrow them 
ʔuušqaa 
ʔuuš 
some 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
some might do 
ħaw̉iiħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief.pl 
chiefs 
wiknaak 
wik 
not 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
they don't have 
niisỷak 
niisỷakʷ 
cauldron 
pots 
ħaw̉iɬqħ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
being chiefs 
. 

I always owned very big cauldrons in order not to borrow them; some people have no cauldrons even though they are chiefs.

1.1977
ħačatšiƛ 
ħačatšiƛ 
all do 
all did 
hiitac̉upiƛ 
hitac̉upiƛ 
bring to centre of room 
came out to the centre of the room 
qʷam̉aac̉uɬʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-c̉uˑɬ 
... initiate in Wolf Ritual 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all who were novices 
ƛuukʷaana 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
the Wolf Ritual 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dances 
. 

All the Wolf Ritual novices came out on the floor in imitative dances.

1.1978
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
c̉iiqšiʔaƛ 
c̉iiqšiƛ 
sing secret chant 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started singing 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
c̉iitc̉iiqỷaknakʔi 
c̉iiqỷakʷ 
ceremonial chant.pl 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who had chants 
. 

People who owned chants sang them.

1.1979
ʔuuʔiʔaƛ 
ʔuuʔiƛ1 
go for 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they took up 
tiič̉inħỷakukʔi 
tiič̉inħỷakʷ 
life-restoring chant 
-uk 
IMPF 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their life-restoring chants 
. 

They took up their life-restoring chants.

1.1980
ƛaħʔaƛ 
ƛaħʷ 
at present 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they would do now 
čamaasʔaaqƛ̉aƛ 
čamaas 
earnestly 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
doing earnestly 
tiič̉inħ 
tiič̉inħ 
restore life 
restoring life 
. 

They were going to sing them with vim.

1.1981
ħaaʕinčiʔaƛƛaa 
ħaʕinčiƛ 
call out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they yelled out 
yaaʔakħʔaƛ 
yaaʔakʷ 
enthusiastic 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
doing enthusiastically 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
haašaaw̉it̉asʔap̉aƛqa 
hašaa 
breathing 
-w̉it̉as2 
go to 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
they were going to sober them up 
. 

They yelled eagerly, because they were to sober them up for good.

1.1982
muup̉itʕaƛ̉aƛ 
muup̉it 
four times 
-ʕaƛ 
make ... sound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they made the sound now four times 
hixuqšiƛ 
hixuqšiƛ 
shout 
shouting 
haahahahaha 
haahaahahaha 
waa 
waa 
say 
say 
. 

Four times they yelled, "Haahahahaha".

1.1983
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finished 
wikʕaƛšiʔaƛ 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
be silent 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they became silent 
. 

They finished and were silent.

1.1984
ʔaaƛtaqimɬuwaƛ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-taqimɬ 
bundle 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
two groups acted together 
c̉iiqaa 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
singing secret chants 
mumuuyuwa 
DUP- 
DIST 
muu 
four 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
four in each doing together 
. 

Two groups of four each were chanting.

1.1985
miɬmiɬšʔaƛ 
miɬmiɬš 
doing the same 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did the same 
ʕimtʕimta 
ʕimtʕimta 
singing words 
singing the words 
. 

Each time they sang the words of the songs together.
pg. 203 begins above

1.1986
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
qʷaỷakukʔitq 
qʷaỷakʷ 
custom 
-uk 
POSS 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
that which was their custom 
haahahaha 
haahahaha 
waaỷakƛinup̉aƛ 
waaỷakƛinawup 
say in conclusion 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they say in conclusion 
. 

That was why they said, "Haahahaha", at the conclusion.

1.1987
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hawiiʔaƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they finished 
c̉iiqeeʔi 
c̉iiqaa 
sing secret chant 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the ones who were chanting 
wikʕaƛšiʔaƛ 
wikʕaƛšiƛ 
be silent 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they became silent 
. 

And then the ones who were chanting became silent.

1.1988
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
haʔukšiʔaƛ 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began to eat 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
. 

And then they began to eat food.

1.1989
ʔaʔayisʔaƛ 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔaya 
many 
-ˀiˑs1 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
the many ate 
ʔaat̉aƛ 
ʔaat 
even he 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
even those 
naaʔuu 
naʔuˑ 
accompany 
accompanying 
t̉aatn̉eʔisʔi 
t̉an̉a 
child.pl 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the little children 
naatỷaqak 
naỷaqak 
baby.pl 
baby 
ʔaʔayis 
DUP- 
SUF 
ʔaya 
many 
-ˀiˑs1 
eat 
the many ate 
. 

All, even the infant children, joined in eating plenty.

1.1990
n̉uššiʔaƛsi 
n̉uššiƛ 
distribute property 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I distributed property 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔuʔiisʔap̉aƛsi 
ʔuʔiisʔap1 
let consume 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
letting them consume 
ʔaƛp̉it suč̉iiq 
ʔaƛp̉it suč̉iiq 
two hundred 
two hundred 
taanaa 
taanaa 
dollar 
dollars 
. 

Then I distributed gifts, letting them consume two hundred dollars.

1.1991
n̉uššiʔaƛ 
n̉uššiƛ 
distribute property 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she handed out 
ỷuuqʷaa 
ỷuuqʷaa 
also 
also 
ħeeč̉is 
ħeeč̉is 
Hachaa-Woman 
Mrs. Tom 
miiɬuuʔaƛ 
miɬ 
alike 
-uwa 
act together with [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
along with 
ħaakʷaaƛukʷitqin 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-qin 
1p.REL 
our late daughter 
. 

Mrs. Tom Sayachapis also gave away gifts along with our late daughter.

1.1992
ɬuucsaamiiħʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman.pl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the women 
ʔuħtaaʔaƛ 
ʔuħtaa 
towards 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did it to 
n̉uššiƛ 
n̉uššiƛ 
distribute property 
distributing property 
. 

It was to the women that they gave them.

1.1993
qicaaɬ 
qicaaɬ 
calico 
calico 
ʔuun̉uup̉aƛ 
ʔuun̉awup 
place all along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they placed along them 
. 

They gave out calico.

1.1994
kiƛuuk 
kiƛuuk 
dish 
dishes 
ʔuun̉uup̉aƛ 
ʔuun̉awup 
place all along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they placed along them 
. 

They gave out dishes.

1.1995
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
wiiktaqyuučiʔaƛin 
wiiktaqyuučiƛ 
become initiated 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we are now uninitiated 
hituuħsuɬʔaƛin 
hitawaħsuɬ 
take out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
it has now gone out of us 
waanak̉aƛsi 
waa 
say 
-naˑkʷ 
have 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-siˑ2 
1s.ABS 
I had someone say 
ciqšiƛ 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
speaking 
. 

I had someone say, "Well, we are no longer uninitiated, it has now gone out of us".

1.1996
ciqšiʔaƛƛaa 
ciqšiƛ 
speak 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
he spoke again 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʕimtšiʔat 
ʕimtšiʔat 
Tutuutsh 
Tutuutsh 
. 

Tutuutsh also spoke.

1.1997
piħaaʔaƛaħ 
piħaa 
notice 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I am watching 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
ʕimtšiʔat 
ʕimtšiʔat 
Tutuutsh 
Tutuutsh 
. 

"I am watching, O chief", Tutuutsh said.

1.1998
pisatuk̉ʷap̉aƛeʔic 
pisatuk̉ʷap 
make s.o. play 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you have let them play 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
. 

"You have let the Tsishaa play.

1.1999
t̉ickaaʔak̉ap̉aƛeʔic 
t̉ickaa 
thunder 
-akʷ 
IMPF 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you have made it thunder 
n̉aas 
n̉aas 
day 
day 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
ħaw̉eeɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
Oh, chief 
. 

You have made the day thunder for the Tsishaa people, O chief.
pg. 204 begins here

1.2000
t̉ickaaʔak̉ap̉aƛeʔic 
t̉ickaa 
thunder 
-akʷ 
IMPF 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you have made it thunder 
niism̉aqan̉uɬ 
niism̉aqan̉uɬ 
territory 
our land 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
. 

You have made the land of the Tsishaa thunder.

1.2001
č̉uučkiɬʔap̉aƛeʔic 
č̉uučk 
all 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you have done to all 
ɬaħiičʔiɬ 
ɬaħiič 
be under 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
to be under in the house 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
all 
maatmaas 
maatmaas 
tribe 
tribes 
yaqiis 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-(y)iis 
1s.INDF.REL 
I who am  
c̉išaaʔatħ 
c̉išaaʔatħ 
Tsishaath people 
Tsishaa people 
. 

You have put all the tribes below us, we who are the Tsishaa.

1.2002
suw̉aaʕaƛsuk 
suw̉aaq 
you (sg) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-suˑk 
2s.ABS 
you who are you 
qʷaaʔap 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
did thus 
yaqiik 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
the one who will be 
našuk 
našuk 
strong 
strong 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chief 
. 

Being a strong chief, you did it.

1.2003
nii 
nii 
see! 
see! 
ʔaƛqʔičħšiʔaƛaħ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-qʔiˑčħ 
for ... years 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I have done so for two years 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
. 

See! I have done so for two years eaten this food.

1.2004
našaak̉aƛ̉ataħ 
našaakʷ 
glad 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
mine is glad now 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
heart 
heart 
. 

My heart is glad now.

1.2005
hitaʔap̉aƛeʔic 
hitaʔap 
overcome 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you have surpassed 
nanani 
naniiqsu 
grandparent.pl 
grandparents 
naaweeʔiikič̉a 
naaweeʔiik 
Naweik 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
the famous Naweik 
taaw̉inʔisič̉a 
taaw̉inʔis 
Mid-Beach-Pole 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
Mid-Beach-Pole 
wiiħswisan̉amič̉a 
wiiħswisan̉ap 
Dries-the-Pass (Ts) 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
Dries-the-Pass 
ƛaƛaaquk̉ʷamič̉a 
ƛaƛaaquk̉ʷap 
Makes-Oily 
-(m)ič̉aˑ 
3.HEARSAY 
Makes-Oily 
. 

You have outdone your grandparents, the famous Naawe'iik, Mid- Beach- Pole, Dries-Beach and Spreads-Oil of the legends.

1.2006
hiɬkumqƛap̉aƛeʔic 
hiɬkumqƛap 
put behind one 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you have put them behind you 
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
. 

You have put them behind you.

1.2007
sayačasʔap̉aƛeʔic 
sayačasiƛ 
leave far behind 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)eˑʔic 
2s.IND 
you have left them far behind 
yaaqʷiɬʔitqʔaaɬa 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
those who always are 
ħisʔap̉aaħ 
ħis[...]'aaħ 
unable to do 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaaħ 
IRR 
they were unable to do anything 
ħaaw̉iɬsaqħʔaƛquu 
ħaw̉iɬ 
wealth 
-sasa 
precisely [L] 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when they are wealthy 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 
. 

You have them far behind you, though even wealthy people are unable to do it.

1.2008
kʷatyiiyaqħqinqɔɔ 
kʷatyiik 
heavy 
-(y)iya 
at ... time 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-qin 
1p.REL 
=qʷa 
thus 
we find it hard  
yaqin 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we who are 
wikuu 
wikuu 
be unmanly 
unmanly 
ħaw̉iɬ 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
chiefs 
nasakšiƛ 
nasakšiƛ 
give up trying 
give up trying 
ʔiič̉aỷapʔaaqƛ 
ʔič̉aʔap 
lift up 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
lift up 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
. 

We who are not many chiefs find it heavy and give up trying to raise it up.

1.2009
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
it is as though 
wikɬm̉iiyaqħ 
wikɬm̉aa 
unable to 
-iˑya 
get to be at... 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
one is unable to lift it 
ʔiič̉aỷapʔaaqƛ 
ʔič̉aʔap 
lift up 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
lifting up 
yaaqʷiɬʔaƛʔitqak 
yaqʷ 
REL 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtqak 
2s.REL 
what you are now 
wikcuk̉ʷap 
wikcuk̉ʷap 
simplify 
you make it simple 
č̉ixʔic̉ap̉aƛ 
č̉ixʔic̉ap 
make s.t. light 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
make s.t. light 
. 

It is as though one cannot lift what for you is simple and light.”
pg. 205 begins here

1.2010
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔuum̉inƛma 
ʔuum̉aa 
thus far 
-inawiƛ1 
PRF.CAUS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
he went thus far 
ciiqciiqa 
ciiqciiqa 
speaking 
talking 
ʕimtšiʔat 
ʕimtšiʔat 
Tutuutsh 
Tutuutsh 
. 

Tutuutsh went this far speaking.

1.2011
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔuum̉inƛin 
ʔuum̉aanawiƛ 
go so far 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
we went that far 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
hawiɬšiʔaƛ 
hawiɬšiƛ 
finish 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
finished 
ƛuukʷatqcaqa 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
-caˑqa2 
pay attention 
preparing for a Wolf Ritual 
. 

We went that far and finished the Wolf Ritual.

1.2012
muučiiỷaqƛ̉asukʷaħ 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-ˀaˑqƛ̉as 
in the woods 
-uk 
POSS 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I have it for being in the woods for four days 
tupaati 
tupaati 
ceremonial privilege 
ceremonial privilege 
muučiiỷaqƛ̉as 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-ˀaˑqƛ̉as 
in the woods 
being four days in the woods 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
m̉aakʷaỷiiħšiʔaƛ 
m̉aakʷaỷiiħšiƛ 
go to rescue wolf-captive(s) 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
go to rescue wolf-captives 
suč̉ačiɬšiʔaƛquu 
suč̉a 
five 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it is five days 
. 

I own the tupaati of staying in the woods four days and trying to rescue the wolf captives on the fifth day.

1.2013
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
muučiiyiɬʔaƛƛaa 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again for four days in the house 
ƛatčiɬqatħ 
ƛatč 
rigid of body 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-qaˑtħ 
pretend(edly) 
they are stiff in the house 
ʔuušiin̉ak 
ʔuušiin̉akʷ 
imitative dance 
doing imitative dances 
. 

Then they are stiff in the house and there is imitative dancing for four days more.

1.2014
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
suč̉ačiɬšiʔaƛʔitqƛaa 
suč̉a 
five 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
=ƛaa 
again 
one does when it is five days again 
n̉uššiʔaƛ 
n̉uššiƛ 
distribute property 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
hand out gifts 
. 

On the fifth day again, one gives away gifts.

1.2015
ħayučiɬšiʔaƛ 
ħayu 
ten 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
that is now ten days 
. 

That makes ten days.

1.2016
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
muučiiɬħn̉ak̉aƛƛaa 
muu 
four 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-ħn̉aˑkʷ 
in between 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again four days later 
ʔaacšiʔaƛƛaa 
ʔacšiƛ 
hunt on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
they go to hunt on the water now 
. 

Again, four days later, they go out to hunt food.

1.2017
ħayučiɬšiʔaƛ 
ħayu 
ten 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
that is now ten days 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
c̉awaak 
c̉awaakʷ 
one 
one 
. 

That makes eleven days.

1.2018
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
and then 
huʔacst̉uup̉aƛ 
huʔacst̉uup 
put back screen 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they put the screen back up 
kʷisqʔičħšiʔaƛʔitq 
kʷisqʔičħšiƛ 
the next year 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the next year 
. 

The following year, they set up the screen again.

1.2019
ʔaƛčiiɬšiʔaƛ 
ʔaƛa 
two 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
two days pass now 
. 

Two days pass.

1.2020
ħayučiɬšiʔaƛ 
ħayu 
ten 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
that is now ten days 
ʔiš 
ʔiš 
and 
and 
qačc̉a 
qacc̉a 
three 
three 
. 

It comes to thirteen days.

1.2021
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
qʷam̉aačiɬšiʔatma 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is thus many days to do 
ƛuukʷaanaƛ̉atquu 
ƛuukʷaana 
Wolf Ritual 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when doing the Wolf Ritual 
. 

That is how many days one takes in giving a Wolf Ritual.

1.2022
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛitaʔaaɬa 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-a 
ABS? 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
then they always do 
wikawiʔaƛ 
wikawiƛ 
remove from the face 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they remove from their faces 
tumiis 
tumiˑs 
charcoal 
charcoal 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛitʔi 
ƛuukʷaaniičiƛ 
Wolf Ritual initiate 
-(m)it 
PAST 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the ones who are initiated  
ʔeʔim 
ʔeʔim 
at first 
at first 
wik̉iitšiʔaƛuk 
wik̉iitšiƛ 
not exist 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
they no longer have 
numaak 
numaakʷ 
tabooed 
taboos 
. 

After that the new Wolf Ritual menbers would no longer have charcoal on their faces, and they no longer have taboos.

1.2023
haʔukšiʔaƛ 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began to eat 
ʔinštiỷisšiʔaƛ 
ʔinštis 
no matter 
-ˀiˑs1 
eat 
-šiƛ 
PRF 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
eat no matter what now 
. 

They ate anything at all.

1.2024
čuu 
čuu1 
ok 
ok 
qʷaaqʷaam̉aštuuqʷama 
DUP- 
PL 
qʷam̉aˑ 
all 
-(š)tuˑqʷa 
going thru formalities [R+L] 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is all the steps taken 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ƛukʷatqmis 
ƛukʷatqmis 
Wolf Ritual practice 
Wolf Ritual practice 
. 

Now, those are all the procedures in the Wolf Ritual.

1.2025
wiwiikʔatamaħ 
DUP- 
PL 
wik 
not 
-ʔaˑta 
lack 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I have omitted nothing 
. 

I have omitted nothing.

1.2026
wiikiɬaħ 
wik 
not 
-iɬ1 
do to [L] 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I have not done 
huptimʔak 
huptim 
keep secret 
-ˀak 
POSS 
kept secret 
. 

I have kept nothing secret.