112. The First Use of Crabs as Food

Told by Tom Sayachapis to Edward Sapir, notebook XIII: 33-40, Nov. 13, 1913. 107/f3 (4).

A Na'uuwa'ath story.

112.1
č̉ič̉iqħtaƛitweʔin 
č̉ič̉iqħta 
cut the feet 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he cut his feet 
ħaw̉iɬʔi 
ħaw̉iɬ 
chief 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the chief 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
young man 
ʔukɬaaʔak 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀak 
POSS 
his was named 
n̉uw̉iiqsu 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
father 
ʔaapswipiʔa 
ʔaapswipiʔa 
Standing-between-rocks 
Standing-Between-Rocks 
ʔusaaħi 
ʔuusaaħi 
for this reason 
because of 
k̉uc̉imʔi 
k̉uc̉im 
blue mussel 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the blue mussels 

The young chief, whose father was named Standing-Between-Rocks, cut his feet on account of the blue mussels.

pg. 33 begins above

112.2
sukʷiʔaƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
take 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he took 
k̉ʷackʷiiʔi 
k̉ʷackʷii 
shards 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the shards 
hiinaan̉uħsimckʷi 
hiinaan̉uħsimckʷi 
discarded harpoon 
discarded harpoon 

He took the broken part of a discarded whaling spear.

112.3
hiishiisšiƛ 
hiishiisšiƛ 
begin to chop 
he began to chop them 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 
k̉uc̉imʔi 
k̉uc̉im 
blue mussel 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the blue mussels 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
Obj. Marker 
refer to 

The young man began to break the mussels up.

112.4
qʷisqħ 
qʷis 
do thus 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
it was thus 
hakupiičiƛuk 
hakupiičiƛ 
famine 
-uk 
POSS 
theirs became a famine 
wik̉iitšiƛuk 
wik̉iitšiƛ 
disappear 
-uk 
POSS 
theirs had disappeared 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 

That is how famine came about, their food disappeared.

112.5
ɬaakʷiqnakšiʔaƛ 
ɬaakʷiqnakšiƛ 
be in miserable state 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were in a miserable state 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
Na'uwa'a people 
Na'uwa'a people 

The Na'uwa'a people were in a miserable state.

pg. 34 begins here

112.6
ƛ̉iisimčʔaƛquuweʔin 
ƛ̉iisimč 
do ritual training for shooting 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
do ritual training for shooting 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 
muup̉inqsaʕasʔaƛquuweʔin 
muu 
four 
-p̉inq 
... times around 
-saˑp 
PRF.CAUS 
-ˀas5 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he would go back and forth four times in the village 
ʔatħiiʔaƛquu 
ʔatħii 
night 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
when it was night 
ƛ̉iisimč 
ƛ̉iisimč 
do ritual training for shooting 
doing ritual training for shooting 

The young man used to train for shooting (with bow and arrow for ducks); going back and forth four times in the village when it was night to train for shooting.

112.7
maaƛapiɬʔaƛ̉atquuweʔin 
maaƛapi 
tie up in the air 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
INAL 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
his would be tied up in the air 
k̉upỷak̉atʔi 
k̉upỷakʷ 
index finger 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his index finger 

His index finger used to be tied up erect while in the house (sleeping).

So as to keep it away from anything that would be bad luck for ritual training, such as handling one's own penis.

112.8
wiikʔaqƛ 
wik 
not 
-ˀaqƛ2 
endowed with 
he was trying not to do 
ʔucačiʔat 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
-ˀat 
PASS 
let his go to (his penis) 
kʷikʷinksu 
kʷikʷinksu 
hand 
hand 

He was trying not to let his hand go to (his penis).

112.9
ƛ̉iiqħsaʔaƛquuweʔin 
ƛ̉iiqħsa 
go along shore shooting 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he used to go along the shore shooting 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 
ʔayaqsʔaƛquuweʔin 
ʔayaqs 
many in canoe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he would get many in his canoe 
maamaati 
maamaati 
bird 
birds 
ʔuqsʔaƛquuweʔin 
ʔuqs 
in canoe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he would bring in his canoe 
č̉aastimc 
č̉aastimc 
mink 
mink 
ʔuqsʔaƛquuweʔin 
ʔuqs 
in canoe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he would bring in his canoe 
ƛapisim 
ƛapisim 
raccoon 
raccoon 

The young man used to go along the shore shooting; he used to have many birds in his canoe and many mink and many raccoons.

112.10
ʔaanasaƛquuweʔin 
ʔana 
only 
-sasa 
only [L] 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he would be the only one 
ʔink 
ʔinkʷ 
burn 
having a fire 
č̉uħiiʔaƛ 
č̉uħii 
fire goes out 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
their fires had gone out 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
Na'uwa'a people 
Na'uuwa'ath 

He used to be the only one to have a fire going; the Na'uwa'a people's fires were extinguished.

112.11
ħisʔaaħʔaƛ 
ħis[...]'aaħ 
unable to do 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they were unable to 
ʔink̉ʷačiƛ 
ʔink̉ʷačiƛ 
start to burn 
made it burn 
wik̉iit̉aƛuk 
wik̉iit 
non-existent 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
they had no 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 

They did not have fire since there was no food (to cook).

112.12
m̉aayuqƛ̉aƛquuweʔin 
m̉aayuqƛ 
hold in mouth 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
it would have holding in its mouth 
č̉aastimcʔi 
č̉aastimc 
mink 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the mink 
ʔuuyuqƛ 
ʔuuyuqƛ 
be in the mouth 
being in its mouth 
hasaamac 
hasaˑmac 
crab 
crab 

The minks would have crabs sticking out of their mouths.

112.13
ƛaaʔuuk̉aƛƛaa 
ƛaaʔuk 
another one 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
another one was 
ʔiqsaacuqħʔaƛƛaa 
ʔiqħ 
still 
-saˑcu 
in ... place 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again it was in the same place 
m̉aayuqƛ 
m̉aayuqƛ 
hold in mouth 
holding in the mouth 
hasaamac 
hasaˑmac 
crab 
crab 

Again another time it (a mink) was holding a crab sticking out of its mouth.

112.14
sukʷiʔaƛ 
sukʷiƛ 
grab 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he grabbed 
hasaamacʔi 
hasaˑmac 
crab 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the crab 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 

The young man took hold of the crab.

112.15
hišink̉ap̉aƛ 
hišink̉ap 
put together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he put it together 
hasaamacʔi 
hasaˑmac 
crab 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the crab 
ʔucaʔap̉aƛ 
ʔucaʔap 
put s.t. in 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
put it in 
č̉apacukʔi 
č̉apac 
canoe 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his canoe 

He put the crab together with his (other game) and brought it to his canoe.

112.16
siqaỷap̉aƛ 
siqaỷap 
cook s.t. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she cooked it 
ʔumʔiiqsak 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
-ˀak 
POSS 
the mother of 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 

The young man's mother cooked it.

112.17
ʔuħʔap̉aƛ 
ʔuħ 
is 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he made her do so 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
naniiqsakʔi 
naniiqsu 
grandparent 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his grandmother 
ʔiič̉imʔisʔi 
ʔiič̉im 
elder 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the little old one 

He made his grandmother eat it, the little old one.

pg. 35 begins here

112.18
n̉an̉aan̉ačiʔap̉aƛ̉at 
n̉an̉aan̉ačiʔap 
make s.o. test s.t. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
she was made to test it 
ʔiič̉imʔisʔi 
ʔiič̉im 
elder 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the little old one 
qʷisʔaqƛuusi 
qʷis 
do thus 
-ʔaaqƛ 
INTENT 
-(w)uusi 
3.Rel.Dub 
that which would happen 
ʔuyi 
ʔuyi 
if 
if 
qaħšiƛquu 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
-quu1 
3.CND 
she would die 
p̉išaqquu 
p̉išaq 
very bad 
-quu1 
3.CND 
it it was bad 
hasaamacʔi 
hasaˑmac 
crab 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the crab 
wikquu 
wik 
not 
-quu1 
3.CND 
that it was not 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 

The little old one was made to find out what would happen to her, whether she would die or whether it was bad, or whether the crab was not food.

112.19
wiksiɬa 
wiksiɬa 
nothing happens 
nothing happened to 
ʔiič̉imʔisʔi 
ʔiič̉im 
elder 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the little old one 
wik 
wik 
not 
not 
qaħšiƛ 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
dying 

Nothing happened to the old one, she did not die.

112.20
ƛuɬmaa 
ƛuɬ 
good 
-maˑ 
3.IND 
it is good 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she said 
ʔiič̉imʔisʔi 
ʔiič̉im 
elder 
-ʔis 
DIM 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the little old one 

"It is good food," said the old woman.

112.21
ʕixnaak 
ʕixnaakʷ 
have a lover 
he had a lover 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 

The young man had a sweetheart.

112.22
ʔucačiʔaƛweʔin 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
he went to her 
ʔatħiiʔaƛquu 
ʔatħii 
night 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
at night 
ħakumʔi 
ħakum 
princess 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the princess 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
daughter 
daughter 
ʔukɬaaʔak 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀak 
POSS 
it was named 
n̉uw̉iiqsu 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
father 
ɬaapħiitap 
ɬaapħiitap 
Flap-wings-in-house 
Flap-wings-in-house 

He went at night to the princess whose father was named Flap-wings-in-house.

112.23
ʔuucsčip̉iiksuk 
ʔuucs 
take along 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-suˑk 
2s.ABS 
you should have brought along for me 
maamaati 
maamaati 
bird 
birds 
ʔaniičk 
ʔaˑniˑčk 
as though 
as though 
maatiqsawup 
maatiqsawup 
kill birds 
killing birds 

"You should have brought along a bird for me, as I hear you are killing birds."

112.24
ʔam̉iiqħʔiikaħ 
ʔam̉ii 
tomorrow 
-(q)ħ2 
CONTEMP 
-ˀiikʷ2 
HYP.FUT 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I will do so tomorrow 
ʔuucsčip 
ʔuucs 
take along 
-čiˑp 
INDIR 
bring for you 
maamaati 
maamaati 
bird 
bird 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 

"Tomorrow I'll bring a bird for you," said the young man.

112.25
n̉aasšiƛƛaa 
n̉aasšiƛ 
dawn 
=ƛaa 
again 
it dawned again 
ƛ̉iicƛ̉iiya 
ƛ̉iicƛ̉iiya 
be shooting 
he was shooting 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 
ʔayaqsʔaƛƛaa 
ʔayaqs 
many in canoe 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
=ƛaa 
again 
again he got many in his canoe 
maamaati 
maamaati 
bird 
birds 

Again day came and the young man kept shooting, getting many birds in the canoe.

112.26
n̉upqimyiɬʔap̉aƛ̉im 
n̉up 
one 
-qimɬ 
... unit 
-‘iɬ3 
in the house 
-ˀap2 
CAUS 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀim2 
2s>3.FUT IMP 
you will have one in the house 
ʔɔɔm̉i 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
mother 
siqyuu 
siqyuu 
cooked 
cooked 
maamaati 
maamaati 
bird 
bird 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 

"You shall keep one cooked bird in the house, mother" he said.

112.27
qʷaaʔap̉aƛ 
qʷaaʔap 
do thus 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she did so 
ʔaanaaƛ 
ʔaana 
really 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it really was 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
ʔumʔiiqsu 
mother 
mother 

So the mother really did so.

112.28
ƛaħtiip̉aƛ 
ƛaħtiip 
as soon as 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
as soon as  
huuʔičuƛ 
huuʔičawiƛ 
go to sleep (pl) 
going to sleep 
maʔas 
maʔas 
tribe 
tribe 
ʔucačiʔaƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he went to her 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 

As soon as the tribe went to sleep, the young man went to her (his sweetheart).

112.29
hiniisʔaƛ 
hiniis 
take along 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he took along 
maamaatakʔi 
maamaati 
bird 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his bird 
siqyuuʔaƛuk 
siqyuu 
cooked 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
POSS 
his cooked one 

He took along his cooked bird.

pg. 36 begins here

112.30
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there she was 
ya 
yaa1 
that 
that 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
maaƛapi 
maaƛapi 
tie up in the air 
tied up in the air 
ħakʷaƛsac̉im 
ħakʷaƛsac̉im 
girl's platform 
girl's platform 
ʔukɬaaʔak 
ʔukɬaa 
name 
-ˀak 
POSS 
it was named 
čimʔiɬ 
čimʔiɬ1 
bed 
a bed 

There was that girl with her platform tied in the air, which a (special kind of) bed is called.

sleeping on upper boards tied to roof (XIII: 36a)

112.31
ħayučiɬʔaƛaħ 
ħayu 
ten 
-čiˑɬ 
... days 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-(m)aˑħ 
1s.IND 
I have done so for ten days 
wikỷuu 
wikỷuu 
not yet 
not yet 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eating 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she said 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 

"For ten days I have not eaten," said the young woman.

112.32
haʔukšiʔaƛ 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she began to eat 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
hiɬaasʔaƛ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-aˑs1 
on a surface 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
doing on it 
yii 
yii1 
yonder 
yonder 
sayaač̉eʔi 
sayaač̉a 
high up 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
high up 
čimʔiɬukʔi 
čimʔiɬ1 
bed 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
her bed 

The girl began to eat at night, there way up on her high bed.

112.33
ʔaħkuuʔatʔi 
ʔaħkuu 
thus 
-ˀat 
PASS 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who was thus 
maamaatiʔi 
maamaati 
bird 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the bird 
ƛ̉ipcħuumatʔi 
ƛ̉ipcħuˑma 
breast of a fowl 
-ˀat 
INAL 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the breast of it 
čiičiʔaƛ 
čiičiƛ 
pull 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
pulling 

This part of the bird's body, the breast, she pulled up.

112.34
haʔuk̉ʷaƛ 
haʔuk 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she ate it 
k̉ukʷiƛ 
k̉ukʷiƛ 
get hooked 
getting hooked 
č̉upʔii 
č̉up 
tongue 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
her tongue 
hamuutʔi 
hamuut 
bone 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
a bone 

She ate and her tongue got hooked on a bone.

112.35
sitšiƛ 
sitšiƛ 
split 
it split 
č̉upʔii 
č̉up 
tongue 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
her tongue 

Her tongue split open.

112.36
ħisšiʔaƛ̉at 
ħisšiƛ1 
bleed 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
INAL 
hers began to bleed 
č̉up 
č̉up 
tongue 
tongue 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
girl 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the girl 

The girl's tongue began to bleed.

112.37
ħisaaʔat 
ħisaa 
be bleeding 
-ˀat 
INAL 
hers was bleeding 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
ʔaaneʔitq 
ʔana 
thus much 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
thus much 

Hers was bleeding all night long.

112.38
hawiiƛ 
hawiiƛ 
finish 
it finished 
ħisaa 
ħisaa 
be bleeding 
bleeding 
qaħšiʔaƛ 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she died 
ħaakʷaaƛʔi 
ħaakʷaaƛ 
young woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young woman 
ʔuucʔii 
ʔuuc 
belong to 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one who belonged to 
t̉an̉a 
t̉an̉a 
child 
child 
ɬaapħiitap 
ɬaapħiitap 
Flap-wings-in-house 
Hlaaphiitap 

It stopped bleeding and the young woman, who was the child of Flap-wings-in-house, died.

112.39
paaƛ̉iʔaƛ̉at 
paaƛ̉iƛ 
take a flame 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
PASS 
they went to get a flame 
hiỷatħʔitq 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-ˀatħ1 
live at 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
where he was living 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 

They went to where the young man lived to get something to start a fire.

112.40
ʔaaqicaqasaqħasuu 
ʔaqi 
what? 
-caˑqa1 
obtain ... food [L] 
-saˑp 
PRF.CAUS 
-ħaˑsuu 
2p.INTERR 
what are you having for food? 
saač̉ink 
saač̉inkʷ 
always 
always 
ʔink 
ʔinkʷ 
fire 
having fire 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
n̉aas 
n̉aas 
day 
day 

"What are you having for food since you always have a fire every day?"

112.41
ʔuucaaqamin 
ʔuucaaqa1 
cook 
-(m)in 
1p IND 
we are cooking 
nukʷiic 
nukʷiˑc 
pitch-wood 
pitchwood 
waaʔaƛ 
waa 
say 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he said 
n̉uw̉iiqsak 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-ˀak 
POSS 
his father 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 

"We are cooking pitchwood," said the father of the young man.

pg. 37 begins here

112.42
c̉ickšiƛinʔaaɬa 
c̉ickšiƛ 
pound 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
we always pound it 
ƛ̉acʔii 
ƛ̉ac 
fat 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the fat 
nukʷiic 
nukʷiˑc 
pitch-wood 
pitchwood 
ʔuukʷiɬinʔaaɬa 
ʔuukʷiɬ 
Obj. Marker 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
we always refer to 
c̉ickaa 
c̉ickaa 
be heating up 
heating it up 

We always pound the fatty (gum-filled) pitchwood, we always heat it up.

112.43
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛinʔaaɬa 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
and then we always do so 
ƛ̉imššiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉imššiƛ 
boil 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
boiling 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛinʔaaɬa 
ʔaħʔaaʔaƛ 
and then 
-ni 
1p.ABS 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
and then we always do so 
ƛ̉imỷiisʔaƛ 
ƛ̉imỷiis 
drink hot liquid 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
drinking the soup 
ʕam̉iit 
ʕam̉iit 
clam shell 
clam shells 
ʔuuħw̉aɬʔaƛ 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
use 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
using 

"And then we always boil it and drink the soup using clam shells."

112.44
qʷaa 
qʷaa 
thus 
it is thus 
ƛaaqsituʔaƛquu 
ƛaaqsitawiƛ 
become oily 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
becoming oily 

"It's as though it has got oily."

112.45
waɬšiƛ 
waɬšiƛ 
go home 
she went home 
ɬuucsmeʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the woman 
hiɬqa 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-qaˑ 
3.SUB 
there where it was 
maʔas 
maʔas 
village 
village 
kʷiisuw̉atʔi 
kʷiisuw̉at 
other side 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one on the other side 
nism̉eʔi 
nism̉a 
land 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the land 

A woman went home to where the village was in the land on the other side (of the water).

112.46
ʔiiqħšiʔaƛ 
ʔiiqħšiƛ 
tell 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
she told them 
ɬuucsmeʔi 
ɬuucsma 
woman 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the woman 
ʔuucaaqač̉aš 
ʔuucaaqa1 
cook 
-č̉aˑʕaš 
3.INFER 
it seems they are cooking 
nukʷiic 
nukʷiˑc 
pitch-wood 
pitchwood 
yaa 
yaa1 
that 
that 
maʔasʔi 
maʔas 
house 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the house 
saač̉inkʔi 
saač̉inkʷ 
always 
=ʔiˑ 
REL 
the one always having 
ʔink 
ʔinkʷ 
fire 
fire 

The woman told them, "that house always having fire has pitchwood as food, as I found out."

112.47
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
ʔiinaxiičiƛ 
get ready 
they got ready 
maʔasʔi 
maʔas 
village 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
thevillage 
č̉uučk 
č̉uučk 
all 
all 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
ʔuw̉aat̉inʔakʔi 
ʔuw̉aˑt̉in 
relative 
-ˀak 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
=DEF 
his relatives 
ɬaapħiitap 
ɬaapħiitap 
Flap-wings-in-house 
Hlaaphiitap 

All the relatives of Flap-wings-in-house, as many as were in the village, got ready.

112.48
hitaaqƛ̉iƛ 
hitaaqƛ̉iƛ 
go into woods 
they went into the woods 
ʔucačiʔaƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going to 
nučiiʔi 
nučiˑ 
mountain 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the mountain 
č̉uučkink̉aƛ 
č̉uučkinkʷ 
all together 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
all together 
qʷam̉eeʔitq 
qʷam̉aˑ 
thus many 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
as many as there were 
quuʔas 
quuʔas 
person 
people 

All the people went into the woods, going to the mountain.

112.49
hitaħt̉as 
hitaħt̉as 
come out of the woods 
they came out of the woods 
c̉ickšiʔaƛ 
c̉ickšiƛ 
pound 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
started pounding 
maʔasʔi 
maʔas 
village 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
village 
nukʷiicʔi 
nukʷiˑc 
pitch-wood 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the pitchwood 

The village came out of the woods and started pounding the pitchwood.

112.50
siqaỷap̉aƛ 
siqaỷap 
cook s.t. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they cooked it 
nukʷiicʔi 
nukʷiˑc 
pitch-wood 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the pitchwood 
ƛ̉imššiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉imššiƛ 
boil 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
boiling 
qʷa 
qʷaa 
how 
like that 
ƛaaqsituʔaƛquu 
ƛaaqsitawiƛ 
become oily 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-quu1 
3.CND 
becoming oily 

They cooked the pitchwood, boiling it until the water became covered with oil.

112.51
haʔukšiʔaƛ 
haʔukšiƛ 
eat 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they began to eat 
maʔasʔi 
maʔas 
village 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the village 
ƛ̉imỷiisšiʔaƛ 
ƛ̉imỷiisčiƛ 
begin to drink soup 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
drinking the soup 
ʔuuħw̉aɬʔaƛ 
ʔuuħw̉aɬ 
use 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
using 
ʕam̉iit 
ʕam̉iit 
clam shell 
clam shells 

The village began to eat, drinking the soup using clam shells.

pg. 38 begins here

112.52
tuupšiƛ 
tuupšiƛ 
evening 
in the evening 
ʔuyaaƛ 
ʔuyi 
when 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they did so when 
haʔuk 
haʔuk 
eat 
eat 
maʔasʔi 
maʔas 
village 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the village 

When it was evening, the village ate.

112.53
weʔičuʔaƛ 
weeʔičuƛ 
fall asleep 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they went to sleep 
maʔasʔi 
maʔas 
village 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the village 

Then the village went to sleep.

112.54
k̉ʷitχšiʔaƛ 
k̉ʷitχšiƛ 
stick in 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
it stuck in 
ʔišc̉iipʔi 
ʔišc̉iip 
gum 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the gum 
waniiqʔi 
waniˑq 
throat 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
their throats 
qaħšiƛ 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
died 
maʔasʔi 
maʔas 
village 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the village 
č̉uučksuuƛ 
č̉uučk 
all 
-sawiƛ1 
die 
all died 
ɬaapħiitaptaqimɬ 
ɬaapħiitap 
Flap-wings-in-house 
-taqimɬ 
... group(s) 
Flap-wings-in-house's group 

The gum got stuck in their throats and the village died, all of Flap-wings-in-house's group died.

112.55
ƛuyačiʔaƛ̉at 
ƛuyačiƛ 
be happy 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ˀat 
INAL 
his was glad 
ɬim̉aqsti 
ɬim̉aqsti 
heart 
heart 
n̉uw̉iiqsak 
n̉uw̉iˑqsu 
father 
-ˀak 
POSS 
his father 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 

The young man's father's heart became happy.

112.56
ʔukʷiiɬšiʔaƛ 
ʔukʷiiɬšiƛ 
make 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he began to make 
niniimyisỷak 
niniimyisỷakʷ 
basket trap 
basket trap 
ʔaħʔaa 
ʔaħʔaa 
that 
that 
ʔanaħuk 
ʔanaħʷ 
size 
-uk 
POSS 
it was that size 

He began to make a basket trap (for catching crabs), it was that big.

112.57
hinaačiʔaƛ 
hinaačiƛ 
set off on the water 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he set off on the water 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 
ʔucačiʔaƛ 
ʔucačiƛ 
go to 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
going to 
hiɬħʔiitqʔaaɬa 
hiɬ 
LOC 
-(q)ħ3 
BEING 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
=ʔaaɬa 
always 
where they were always there 
ʔuucsw̉isa 
ʔuucsw̉isa 
bring s.t. to the surface 
bringing them to the surface 
hasaamac 
hasaˑmac 
crab 
crabs 
č̉aastimcʔi 
č̉aastimc 
mink 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the mink 

The young man went out to sea, going to where there were always mink, taking along crabs from the water.

112.58
hupšiʔaƛ 
hupšiƛ 
drop a line 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he dropped the line 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 

The young man let down his (round trap).

112.59
ʔuunaqaƛuk 
ʔuunaqa 
use ... as bait 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-uk 
IMPF 
he used as bait 
c̉isqmisuk 
c̉isqmis 
meat 
-uk 
IMPF 
the meat of 
č̉aastimc 
č̉aastimc 
mink 
mink 

His used the meat of the mink for bait.

112.60
čiičiƛ 
čiičiƛ 
pull 
he pulled it up 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 
hiɬ 
hiɬ 
LOC 
there 
cumaa 
cumaa 
be full 
full 
hasaamac 
hasaˑmac 
crab 
crabs 
niniimyisỷakʔi 
niniimyisỷakʷ 
basket trap 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the basket trap 

The young man pulled in his basket trap and there it was full of crabs.

112.61
ʔuʔuʔiiħšiƛ 
ʔuʔuʔiiħšiƛ 
hunt for 
he started hunting for them 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 

The young man started to hunt for them.

112.62
cumaanup 
cumaanawup 
fill s.t. up 
he filled it up 
č̉apacukʔi 
č̉apac 
canoe 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his canoe 
hasaamac 
hasaˑmac 
crab 
crabs 

He filled his canoe with crabs.

112.63
waɬšiƛ 
waɬšiƛ 
go home 
he went home 
tuupšiƛ 
tuupšiƛ 
evening 
in the evening 

He went home in the evening.

112.64
ƛ̉upaqšiƛ 
ƛ̉upaqšiƛ 
heat stones 
he heated stones 
ʔatħii 
ʔatħii 
night 
night 
ʔiqiya 
ʔiqħ 
still 
-(y)iya 
at ... time 
still being 

He heated stones while it was still night.

112.65
n̉učʔuup 
n̉uučʔuup 
steam on rocks 
he steamed them on the rocks 

He steamed them (the crabs) on heated rocks.

Salalberry bush, lay’i:pt, leaves were often used for this purpose. The leaves gave flavour as they lacked salt. First heated rocks, then a layer of leaves, then the crabs (or other food), then more leaves, then mats or other covering. Then pour water by lifting the mats and throwing water on sideways. The mats were weighted on the sides to prevent any of the steam from coming out.

pg. 39 begins below

112.66
huptsaap 
huptsaap 
hide s.t. 
they hid it 
ʔucaʔap 
ʔucaʔap 
make s.o. go 
making them go to 
č̉itiɬukʔi 
č̉itiɬ 
board 
-uk 
POSS 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the boards 
hiiɬc̉aqiɬʔi 
hiiɬc̉aqiɬ 
rear of house 
-ˀiˑ2 
2s>3.IMPER 
be at the rear of the house 

They hid it, bringing the boards on edge to the rear of the house.

112.67
ʔuʔuʔiiħƛaa 
ʔuʔuʔiiħ 
hunt 
=ƛaa 
again 
again he went to hunt 
n̉aasšiʔaƛʔitq 
n̉aasšiƛ 
dawn 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
when it was the next day 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 

Again the young man went out to hunt when it was the next day.

112.68
cuuminƛukƛaa 
cumaanawiƛ 
fill up 
-uk 
IMPF 
=ƛaa 
again 
again his was filled up 
č̉apac 
č̉apac 
canoe 
canoe 

Again his canoe got full.

112.69
waɬšiƛƛaa 
waɬšiƛ 
go home 
=ƛaa 
again 
again he went home 

Again he went home.

112.70
ʔiqiyaƛaa 
ʔiqiya 
at the same time 
=ƛaa 
again 
again at the same time of day 
siqaỷap 
siqaỷap 
cook s.t. 
they cooked 
hasaamacʔi 
hasaˑmac 
crab 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the crabs 

Again on the same day they cooked the crabs.

112.71
ʔayaaƛ 
ʔaya 
many 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
many did so 
qaħšiƛ 
qaħšiƛ 
die 
died 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
Na'uwa'a people 
Na'uuwa'ath 
hakuỷiħa 
hakuỷiħa 
starve 
starving 

Many of the Na'uuwa'ath had died, died of starvation.

112.72
ƛ̉iiʔiɬʔaƛ 
ƛ̉iiʔiɬ 
feast 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he gave a feast 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛʔi 
ħaaw̉iɬaƛ 
young man 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the young man 
č̉uučk̉iʔaƛ 
č̉uučk̉iƛ1 
invite all 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
inviting all 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
Na'uwa'a people 
Na'uuwa'ath 

The young man gave a feast, inviting all the Na'uuwa'ath.

112.73
w̉aqʔuu 
w̉aqʔuˑ 
go to feast 
they came to the feast 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
Na'uwa'a people 
Na'uuwa'ath 
haʔuksap̉aƛ 
haʔuksap 
feed 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he fed them 
hasaamacʔi 
hasaˑmac 
crab 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the crabs 

The Na'uuwa'ath came to the feast and he fed them crabs.

112.74
ʔiiqħuk̉ʷaƛ 
ʔiiqħuk 
tell 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he told now 
ʔani 
ʔani 
that 
that 
ƛuɬ 
ƛuɬ 
good 
good 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
yaqčiʔatħʔitq 
yaqčiʔatħ 
neighbour 
-ʔiˑtq 
3s.REL 
the ones who were neighbours 

He told them, who were his neighbours, that the food was good.

112.75
ħimčiʔaƛ 
ħimčiƛ 
show 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he showed them 
niniimyisỷakukʔi 
niniimyisỷakʷ 
basket trap 
-uk 
IMPF 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
his basket trap 
ʔukɬaanup̉aƛ 
ʔukɬaanawup 
name s.o. 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
he named it 
niniimyisỷak 
niniimyisỷakʷ 
basket trap 
basket trap 

He showed them his basket trap, which he had named "basket trap".

112.76
ʔukʷiiɬšiʔaƛ 
ʔukʷiiɬšiƛ 
make 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they started to make 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
Na'uwa'a people 
Na'uuwa'ath 
niniimyisỷak 
niniimyisỷakʷ 
basket trap 
basket trap 

The Na'uuwa'ath started to make basket traps.

112.77
tiičačiʔaƛ 
tiičačiƛ 
recuperate 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they recuperated 
maʔasitʔi 
maʔas 
village 
-(m)it 
former 
=ʔiˑ 
DEF 
the former village 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
naʔuw̉aʔatħ 
Na'uwa'a people 
Na'uuwa'ath 

The former village of the Na'uuwa'ath recovered.

112.78
ʔunaakšiʔaƛ 
ʔunaakšiƛ 
have 
-ˀaƛ 
NOW 
they got to have 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
hasaamac 
hasaˑmac 
crab 
crab 

They got to have crabs for food.

112.79
ʔaħ 
ʔaħ 
this 
this 
ʔuyimtweʔin 
ʔuyi 
when 
-(m)it 
former 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
it was at the time 
haʔumiičiƛ 
haʔumiičiƛ 
become food 
it became food 
hasaamac 
hasaˑmac 
crab 
crabs 
qʷiyiič 
qʷi(q) 
REL 
-yiič 
3.INDF.REL 
when it was 
hakupaɬuk 
hakupaɬ 
famine 
-uk 
POSS 
their famine 

That was the time when crabs became food, when they had a famine.

112.80
wik̉iinitweʔin 
wik̉iit 
non-existent 
-(m)it 
PAST 
-weˑʔin 
3.QT 
before that it was not 
haʔum 
haʔum 
food 
food 
hasaamac 
hasaˑmac 
crab 
crabs 

(Before that) crabs had not been food.